ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of chitosan/PVA nerve conduits which used for repairing sciatics nerve defect in rats.MethodsTwenty-seven rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,with 9 rats in each group. Firstly, the 15mm defects in the left sciatic nerves were made in the rats and were respectively repaired with chitosan/PVA conduits graft (group A), the silicon conduits graft (group B),and autografts (group C). At 12 weeks after the operations, the left sciatic nerves were taken out, and the comparative evaluation was made on the repairing effects by wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, histological examination,computerized imaging analysis and True Blue retrograde tracing. ResultsThe wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles showed no significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and autograft groups (P ＞ 0.05). The wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and the silicon group at 12 weeks after the operation(P ＜ 0.05). The nerve fiber density showed no statistically significant differences between the chitosan/PVA and autograft groups(P＞ 0.05).The regenerative nerve fiber in group B had normal morphological and structural characters under transmission electron microscope.True Blue-labeled neuron cell bodies were found within both anterior horn of gray matter in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) ipsilateral to the operated side of the tested rats on illumination with ultra-violet light 1 week after the injection of True Blue.Conclusion Chitosan/PVA nerve conduit can effectively promote the nerve regeneration and myelinization of rat sciatic nerve, which is expected to substitute for autograft to repair nerve defects succesfully.

OBJECTIVE To identify the pop strain of Staphylococcus aureus hospital acquired infection by random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD),and to study the molecular mechanism of antibiotic(resistance),so as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and infection acquired in hospital.METHODS 1.DNA from 21 strains of S.aureus were extracted by the phenol-chloroform method and analyzed by using arbitrary(primer) polymerase chain reaction(AP-PCR).2.Amplifying mecA,GyrA and GrlA by PCR,and testing the(variation) of these genes by using Hinf Ⅰ-digested analysis.RESULTS Twenty one S.aureus strains were divided into 3(genetic) types.Type Ⅰ is the pop strain in our hospital which including 12 strains.Fourteen from 17 clinical stains were resistant to meticillin and quinolones,of which 13 strains had mecA except isolate 13064.And they all had(variation) in(GyrA) and/or GrlA.CONCLUSIONS RAPD provides markers for the typing of clinical strains and is suitable for(molecular) epidemiologic studies with high type ability,powerful discrimination,simplicity and(rapidness). Type Ⅰ is the pop S.aureus strain in hospital-acquired infection of our hospital.The majority of these strains are multi-(resistant) to meticillin,quinolones and other antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance in hospital acquired(Staphylococcus) epidermidis infection,so as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and infection(acquired) in hospital.METHODS DNA from 18 strains of S.epidermidis were extracted by the phenol-chloroform method,and mecA,gyrA and grlA were amplified by PCR,then the variation of gyrA and grlA was tested by Hinf Ⅰ-(digested)(analysis).RESULTS Fifteen from 18 S.epidermidis strains were resistant to meticillin,and all of them had mecA gene. Eleven from 18 S.epidermidis strains were resistant to meticillin,quinolones and other(antibiotics).And they all had a mutant in gyrA and/or grlA.The mutated spots were gyrA Ser84(TCA→TTA) and GrlA Ser80(TCC→TTC).CONCLUSIONS The majority of hospital acquired S.epidermidis strains are multi-resistant to meticillin,quinolones and other antibiotics,which are caused by acquirement of drug-resistance gene or(mutation) of drug-targeting genes.Medical institutions must strictly standardize the application of antibiotics to(reduce)(development) of drug resistance.

Objective To evaluate the value of PLT and its parameters combined with AFP, CA199, CA125 and CEA on the preoperative differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods We analyzed retrospectively 274 patients with liver cancer who underwent surgery in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. They were divided into 229 cases in HCC group and 45 cases in ICC group according to postoperative pathological results. The differences of PLT, its parameters and tumor markers between the two groups were compared. ROC curve was used to evaluate the differential diagnosis effect on HCC and ICC by significantly different indicators in single and combined forms. The best scheme was verified in the patients with determined and undetermined preoperative diagnosis. Results Compared with HCC group, the levels of PLT, PCT, CA199 and CA125 in ICC group were higher (P < 0.05) and the level of AFP was lower (P < 0.05). The diagnostic analysis results of ROC curve showed that in single test, the AUC of AFP for HCC diagnosis was the largest (0.827). The AUC of the combined groups was higher than the single groups of tumor markers; the AUC of the PCT+AFP+CA199+CA125 group was the highest in all combination groups, and AUC was 0.891. The verification of the best combination group showed that the AUC was 0.924 in the preoperative determined diagnosis group and 0.854 in the undetermined diagnosis group. Conclusion Tumor markers in combination with PLT and PCT can increase the preoperative differential diagnosis efficacy of HCC and ICC. The combination of PCT, AFP, CA199 and CA125 before operation is helpful to further determine the diagnosis and plan the operation scheme.

Objective: To explore the correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia,and to provide a reference basis for revealing the relationship between intestinal flora and obesity. Methods: Totally 88 college students from Inner Mongolia Medical University were enrolled, Height and weight were measured,and the feces samples were collected. The bacterial metagenome was extracted from dry feces samples for the concentration detection in per gram of dry feces,expressed as μg/μL. Correlation between BMI and metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota was statistically analyzed. Meanwhile,the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota in different BMI groups was compared with each other. Results: There was a negative correlation between BMI and the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota(r=-0.27,P<0.05). Significant difference in the concentration of gut microflora was observed between the normal group and the obesity group,the normal group and the overweight/obesity group(F=3.62,P<0.05). Among the female volunteers,there were significant differences between normal group and overweight group,between normal group and obesity group(F=1.87,P<0.05). No significant differences in metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota were found in different BMI groups(F=0.60, P>0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia，the concentration of gut microflora metagenome in overweight and obese people decreased significantly.

Objective To report 1 case of iatrogenic botulinum poisoning misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis,to discuss the clinical manifestation,distinguishing feature and prognosis of iatrogenic botulinum poisoning combined with literature.Methods We briefly introduced one patient with botulinum toxin poisoning misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis.A 26-year old female was admitted in June 2017 in Gaochun People's Hospital of Nanjing,who received two injections of botulinum toxin 500 U for a short period of time due to cosmetic needs,then she suffered from fatigue,chest distress,eyelid ptosis and other symptoms.The patient was once misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis,but the results of neostigmine test and repeated nerve stimulation examination were negative.After careful examination of the body (mandibular swelling) and repeated medical history requiring,the final diagnosis was clarified.After the treatment such as fluid infusion for 10 days,her discomforts were relieved.The literature was retrieved from "US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Pubmed) "," China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)" and "Wanfang Medicine Data China Information",a total of 17 articles were included in the analysis,including 30 effective cases.We analyzed the general characteristics,clinical manifestations and prognosis of botulinum toxin injection.Results Of the 30 cases,28 cases (96.7％) were female,2 cases (3.0％) were male,aged from 3 to 80 years old.Most of them were botulinum toxin type A,except 2 cases unknown.The clinical onset began from the injection day to 3 weeks after injection.The duration of the disease lasted from 10 days to 6 months.Most of the prognosis was good after treatment.Conclusion Careful attention should be paid to the serious reaction of botulinum toxin to ensure safe medication use.

Objective To retrospectively analyze treatment status quo of giant cell tumor of bone around the knee in several institutes,and to investigate risk factors affecting selection of surgical manners,tumor recurrence,and functional outcomes.Methods A total of 222 patients with giant cell tumor of bone around the knee confirmed by pathology,who had undergone surgical treatment in 5 institutes from March 2000 to May 2012,were enrolled in this study.There were 120 males and 102 females,with an average age of 35.5 years.The epidemiology,clinical and radiographic features and risk factors affecting selection of surgical manners,tumor recurrence,and functional outcomes were analyzed.Results Intralesional curettage was performed in 128 patients(57.6％),intralesional curettage combined with partial resection in 13 patients (5.8％),and marginal excision in 79 patients (35.5％).A total of 159 patients were followed up.The local recurrence rate was 19.0％ for patients treated with intralesional curettage,8.9％ for marginal excision and 0％ for intralesional curettage combined with partial resection,and the total local recurrence rate was 14.5％(23/159).The mean duration from primary operation to recurrence was 23.9 months.Univariate analysis indicated that surgical manner was the only factor affecting local recurrence.Pathological fracture,Campanacci grades,Enneking system as well as soft tissue mass had a significant influence on the selection of surgical manners.The mean MSTS score after intralesional curettage was obviously higher than that after marginal excision.Conclusion The surgical manner is the only factor affecting local recurrence and limb function.

BACKGROUND:Total knee arthroplasty is the main therapeutic regimen for end-stage osteoarthritis.However,diabetes mellitus can affect the treatment effect and prognosis. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of diabetes mellitus on perioperative blood loss and postoperative pain in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 154 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty and met the inclusion criteria in the Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward of Xi'an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from January to April 2021.Patients were divided into a non-diabetic group and a diabetic group according to their diagnosis,with 32 cases in the diabetic group,9 males and 23 females,aged 55 to 80(66.58±7.16)years and 122 cases in the non-diabetic group,34 males and 88 females,aged 44 to 83(66.69±6.63)years.Perioperative blood loss(including total blood loss,hidden blood loss,the falling value of hemoglobin and hematocrit)was calculated for both groups.Visual analog scale scores,hospital for special surgery knee score,and Caprini scores were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Total blood loss was significantly lower in the non-diabetic group(729.93±233.83 mL)than that in the diabetic group(853.69±184.91 mL)(P<0.05).Latent hidden blood loss was also significantly lower in the non-diabetic group(624.40±233.19 mL)than that in the diabetic group(749.08±179.49 mL)(P<0.05).(2)In the non-diabetic group,the visual analog scale scores preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively were significantly lower than those in the diabetic group(P<0.05).The differences in visual analog scale scores at 3 days and 3 months postoperatively between the non-diabetic group and the diabetic group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)The hospital for special surgery knee score at 1 month postoperatively was significantly higher in the non-diabetic group than that in the diabetic group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in hospital for special surgery knee score between the two groups at 3 months postoperatively(P>0.05).(4)There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative and postoperative Caprini scores between the two groups(P>0.05).(5)It is concluded that having diabetes increases total and occult hidden blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty.In the short term after total knee arthroplasty,diabetes increases the patient's pain and affects the recovery of joint function,but the negative effects fade with time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) and its differential diagnosis from other serrated lesions.

METHODSClinicopathological features of all cases of colorectal serrated lesions from 5 209 colorectal biopsy samples at Shanghai Tongji Hospital from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed. Three hundred and fifty-three cases of serrated lesions were erolled in the study. Morphological features of SSA/P were investigated with an emphasis on histologic criteria for diagnosis and a literature review was performed.

RESULTSThree hundred and fifty-three cases of serrated lesions were identified, including 25 SSA/P (7.1%), 278 hyperplastic polyp (HP, 78.8%), and 44 traditional serrated adenoma (TSA, 12.5%). Twenty-five patients with SSA/P consisted of 16 males and 9 females with a mean age of 62.2 years (aged 34-84 years) and the lesions involved sigmoid colon (14 cases), ascending colon (9 cases), rectum (1 case) and transverse colon (1 case). Grossly, the majority of SSA/P was sessile with an averaged size of 0.73 cm. Histologically, typical SSA/P had elongated crypts with prominent serration and distorted crypts architecture. The detection rates of crypts dilatation and branching in SSA/P and HP were 100% (25/25) and 24% (12/50, P < 0.01), 72% (18/25) and 4% (2/50, P < 0.01), respectively. Morphological features observed only in SSA/P included L-shaped crypts (48%, 12/25), pseudo infiltration of mucosa muscle (16%, 4/25), atypical nuclei (32%, 8/25), and increased mucus secretion (24%, 6/25).

CONCLUSIONSSSA/P microscopically shows prominent serration and abnormal architectures of crypts. Complete tissue sectioning and correct embedding are helpful for the diagnosis. SSA/P without cytological dysplasia should be distinguished from HP, especially those with only a few distorted crypts.

Adenoma ; pathology ; China ; Colonic Polyps ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Intestinal Polyps ; pathology ; Male ; Polyps ; pathology ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic airway disease. The current status of treatment based mainly on bronchodilators and ICS is not sufficient for all of COPD patients. Various studies have attempted to use biologics targeting specific cytokines and their receptors in COPD patients to alleviate respiratory symptoms or reduce the risk of acute exacerbations. However, they failed to bring significant clinical benefits. More studies are needed to further determine the efficacy of targeted biotherapy for COPD.