Mindfulness training has shown beneficial effects on cognitive functions in older adults.Howev-er,the studies on this topic have used different methods and populations,and their results were inconsistent.No sys-tematic review has synthesized and evaluated these findings.This review aims to address this gap by categorizing the studies based on the training methods and cohorts of older adults,and summarizing the effects of mindfulness training on cognitive function.The review finds that mindfulness training had different effects depending on the lev-el of cognitive decline and the training method.Both standardized and unstandardized training methods improved cognitive performance in older adults with normal or subjective cognitive decline.However,the effect of mindful-ness training diminished as cognitive decline worsened,being inconsistent in mild cognitive impairment and non-sig-nificant in dementia.The review also discusses the possible mechanisms and suggested directions for future re-search.

Objective:To explore the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection membrane protein (LMP) 1 or LMP2 specific T cell immune response and clinical significance in stage III-IVa nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), aiming to provide ideas and evidence for immunotherapy in NPC.Methods:Fifty-nine NPC patients admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2018 to October 2020 for primary treatment were collected. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) were stimulated by LMP antigen. Intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry were applied to study the expression levels of IL-2, IL-13, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells, and then analyzed in conjunction with clinical factors. Results:The positive rates of total PBMCs to LMP1 and LMP2 in NPC patients were different. The positive rate of LMP1 specific CD4 + T cells was statistically higher in stage T 3-T 4 NPC than that in stage T 1-T 2 (51.0% vs. 10.0%, P=0.042). There were also differences in the expression of cytokines between LMP1 and LMP2, CD4 +T cells and CD8 +T cells. Survival analysis showed the 2-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 91.5% and 88.2%, and the 2-year and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 83.3% and 75.3%. Univariate analysis suggested that smoking history, male and LMP1 stimulated IL-13 positive expression in CD4 + T cells affected the disease progression ( P=0.026, 0.045 and 0.006); multivariate analysis showed LMP1 stimulated IL-13 positive expression in CD4 + T cells and smoking history were the independent prognostic factors affecting PFS ( P=0.017, 0.019). Conclusions:LMP1 and LMP2 generate specific T-cell immune response in PBMCs of NPC patients, with differential expression in two T-cell subsets. LMP1 and LMP2 specific T cell immune response is associated with primary tumor size and metastatic lymph node volume. LMP1 stimulated IL-13 positive expression in CD4 + T cells and smoking history affects the disease progression.

BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines in human history, with tens of billions of doses administered annually over the past century as an important means of preventing tuberculosis. However, BCG is also used for non-traditional purposes of prevention and treatment, such as bladder cancer immunotherapy. In addition to cancer immunotherapy, BCG is increasingly found to be helpful for a variety of immune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, typeⅠdiabetes, and some atopic diseases. It also can protect against non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections, viral infections and even COVID-19. This allogenic protective effect lies in the BCG vaccine's ability to alter immune set points through allogenic T cell immunity, as well as in the epigenetic and immunological effects of metabolomic changes in innate immune cells, a process known as ^“training immunity^”. This paper summarizes the anti-TB effect of BCG and focuses on its heterologous protection and related mechanism.

【Objective】 To study the genotypes of ABO ambiguous blood group samples(n=20) and identify their molecular biological characteristics. 【Methods】 The serological phenotype of the samples was analyzed by serological techniques. Seven exons of ABO gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were directly sequenced; the genotypes and sequences of ABO subtypes were analyzed. 【Results】 The serological phenotypes of 20 samples presenting ABO ambiguous blood group were as follows: weak A antigen (n=5), weak A antigen combined with anti-A1 antibody (n=5), normal A antigen combined with anti-A1 antibody (n=2), weak B antigen (n=8). The genotypes of them were as follows: Ax02/O01 (n=3), Ael07/O01 (n=2), B313/O01 (n=2), A204/O02 (n=1), A220/O01 (n=1), Ael07/O02 (n=1), Ael02/O01 (n=1), Ael02/O02 (n=1), Ax03/O01 (n=1), Ax03/O02 (n=1), B313/O02 (n=1), B302/O01 (n=1), B302/O02 (n=1), Bw19/O02 (n=1), A102/B313 (n=1) and A101/Bw37 (n=1). 【Conclusion】 ABO genotyping technology can accurately identify the ambiguous blood group of samples, provide definite genetic information of blood group and ensure the safety of clinical transfusion.

AIM: To analyze the factors affecting non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT)measurements after femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), explore the correlation of IOPNCT with central corneal thickness(CCT)and corneal curvature after SMILE, and construct the corresponding regression model which will provide scientific basis for clinical evaluation of the true IOP of patients after SMILE.METHODS: Data from a retrospective analysis of 107 myopic patients(206 eyes)who underwent SMILE and 107 myopic patients(201 eyes)received femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery from June 2023 to May 2024 were examined. IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature before surgery and at 1 and 3 mo were collected. The preoperative and postoperative IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of postoperative changes of IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature.RESULTS: There were significant differences in IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature of both SMILE and FS-LASIK patients(all P<0.001), there was no significant difference between two groups and interaction effects(all P>0.05), and the IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature at 1 and 3 mo post-surgery were significantly lower than preoperative(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IOPNCT and CCT at 1 and 3 mo after SMILE(r=0.261, 0.267, all P<0.001), but no significant correlation with corneal curvature(all P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis of IOPNCT with CCT and corneal curvature at 1 mo after SMILE indicated that the regression equation was: Y=3.426+0.019X1-0.058X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=7.654, P=0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=2.056+0.020X1-0.038 X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistically significance in the equation(F=7.903, P<0.001). The regression equation of postoperative IOPNCT change(△IOPNCT)and intraoperative cutting corneal thickness(△CCT)and corneal curvature at 1 mo was Y=-2.252+0.008X1+0.587X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 stands for the △CCT, X2 represents the corneal curvature change value), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=17.550, P<0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=-2.168+0.024X1+0.281X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 represents △CCT, X2 indicates the corneal curvature change values), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=16.030, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: After SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery, the IOPNCT value of patients was mainly affected by CCT compared with preoperative surgery, and the short-term use of hormone eye drops, fluorometholone, did not cause a significant increase in IOP; both the IOP correction formula at 1 and 3 mo postoperatively can be used clinically to evaluate and correct actual IOP in patients after SMILE.

AIM: To analyze the factors affecting non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT)measurements after femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), explore the correlation of IOPNCT with central corneal thickness(CCT)and corneal curvature after SMILE, and construct the corresponding regression model which will provide scientific basis for clinical evaluation of the true IOP of patients after SMILE.METHODS: Data from a retrospective analysis of 107 myopic patients(206 eyes)who underwent SMILE and 107 myopic patients(201 eyes)received femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery from June 2023 to May 2024 were examined. IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature before surgery and at 1 and 3 mo were collected. The preoperative and postoperative IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of postoperative changes of IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature.RESULTS: There were significant differences in IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature of both SMILE and FS-LASIK patients(all P<0.001), there was no significant difference between two groups and interaction effects(all P>0.05), and the IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature at 1 and 3 mo post-surgery were significantly lower than preoperative(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IOPNCT and CCT at 1 and 3 mo after SMILE(r=0.261, 0.267, all P<0.001), but no significant correlation with corneal curvature(all P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis of IOPNCT with CCT and corneal curvature at 1 mo after SMILE indicated that the regression equation was: Y=3.426+0.019X1-0.058X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=7.654, P=0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=2.056+0.020X1-0.038 X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistically significance in the equation(F=7.903, P<0.001). The regression equation of postoperative IOPNCT change(△IOPNCT)and intraoperative cutting corneal thickness(△CCT)and corneal curvature at 1 mo was Y=-2.252+0.008X1+0.587X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 stands for the △CCT, X2 represents the corneal curvature change value), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=17.550, P<0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=-2.168+0.024X1+0.281X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 represents △CCT, X2 indicates the corneal curvature change values), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=16.030, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: After SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery, the IOPNCT value of patients was mainly affected by CCT compared with preoperative surgery, and the short-term use of hormone eye drops, fluorometholone, did not cause a significant increase in IOP; both the IOP correction formula at 1 and 3 mo postoperatively can be used clinically to evaluate and correct actual IOP in patients after SMILE.