Expansive type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a subtype of HCC. Correlation between the preoperative sonography and postoperative pathology was studied in 35 cases of HCC. According to the classification of nakashima, 21 cases belonged to the expansive type whereas the other 14 cases the infiltrative type. Different from the infiltrative type. the expansive type of HCC had four specific sonographic appearances: hypoechoic ring, hypoechcic halo, pedunculated and small nodular echo which had different pathological bases. Expansive tyje of HCC was not so commonly seen as infiltative type but its rate of surgical resection was mu~h higher than that of infiltratine type (JP< 0. 01). Thus, it is the kind of HCC with significant clinical importance. Preoperative ultrasonographic diagnosis help to decide the way of treatment.

BACKGROUND: The morbidity of cervical spondylosis complicated with osteoporosis is rather high in senile patients, which affects the life quality.OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of gushukang, the Chinese herbal patent for kidney tonification on senile cervical spondylosis complicated with osteoporosis.DESIGN: Random control study based on patients.SETTING: Orthopedics department in a provincial hospital of traditional Chinese medicine.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty cases of senile cervical spondylosis complicated with osteoporosis collected from the inpatients and outpatients in Henan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from .June 2002 to December 2003.METHODS: Fifty cases of senile cervical spondylosis complicated with osteoporosis were randomized into experimental group(30 cases) and the control(20 cases) . In experimental group, gushukang was prescribed, 10 g/time and twice a day. In the control, jingfukang was prescribed, 6 g/time,twice per day. The course of treatment was 6 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observe the improvement of therapeutic effects, X-ray manifestation, bone density, serum calcium and phosphorus before and after treatment in two groups.RESULTS: The therapeutic effects were obtained in both groups. The effective rate was 93％ in treatment group, better than the control (75％) ( P ＜ 0.05). Concerning to remote ultrasonic conductive speed in radius(SOS), it was(3 934 ± 125) and(3 990 ± 105) m/s before and after treatment respectively in experimental group; and was(3 935 ± 110) and(3 940 ± 123) m/s in the control, indicating significant difference( P ＜ 0. 05) . The difference in SOS before and after treatment in the control was not significant ( P ＞ 0.05).There was no remarkable difference in serum calcium and phosphorus before and after treatment in two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Gushukang, Chinese herbal patent for kidney tonification,provides better therapeutic effects on senile cervical spondylosis complicated with osteoporosis.

AIM:To establish a HPLC method for determining contents of tetrahydropalmatine and pepper alkali in Zhitong Capsule(Rhizoma Corydalis,Fructus Piperis,Radix Paeoniae alba,etc.)to control its quality.METHODS:The samples were extracted in water by ultrasonic wave,and then extracted by aether to refine after being acidized by 1 mol/mL HCl.Following that the pH of water solution was adjusted to 9.0-10.0 by NH_3?H_2O,and then extracted by aether again.After that,the aether solution was collected to evaporation to dryness and metered by methanol.The sample solution was determined by high performance liquid chromatography on a Hypersil ODS 2 C_ 18 column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m)with mobile phase composed methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid water solution(the pH was adjusted to 6.0 by triethylamine)(55∶45).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was at 30 ℃ and the signal from 0 to 14.5 minutes were acquired at 280 nm,and that from 14.5 to 22 minutes were detected at 328 nm.RESULTS:The resolution of tetrahydropalmatine and pepper alkali was good,with no miscellaneous peak.The linear range was at 0.196-1.96 ?g(r=0.999 6)for tetrahydropalmatine,0.03-0.3 ?g(r=0.999 7)for pepper alkali.The average rate of recovery of tetrahydropalmatine was 97.74%(RSD= 0.42%,n=6),and that of pepper alkali was 104.51%(RSD=2.01%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,reliable,accurate and can be applied to the quality control of the preparation.

Objective To provide the anatomical basis for treatment of comminuted fractures of the radial head with bending steel miniplates by observations of the proximal end of the radius (PEOTR) in adults and to investigate the effect of its application. Methods The PEOTR and the dynamic relationship between the articular circumference of the radial head and the ulnar radial notch were studied with 32 pairs of specimen of the dried radii and ulnae in adults. From Jan 1988 to Mar 1998, eleven cases of comminuted fractures of the radial head were treated with bending steel miniplates procedure; there were seven males and four females, with an average age of 35 years. According to Mason's grading, 9 cases were classified as Type Ⅲ radial head fractures, 2 cases as Type Ⅳ radial head fractures. Results The average length of the PEOTR was 41.6 mm. The radial neck deviated from the radial shaft at an angle of 164?. Then at the neutral position, the greatest range of pronation and supination of the forearm, the range of contact of radians and the range of non contact radian between the articular circumference of the radial head and the ulnar radial notch were 69?,108?,45? and 138?, respectively. The period of follow up in all cases was 20-38 months. All had bony union, with an average healing time of 8.5 months. Evaluation was done according to the criterion made by Broberg and Morrey. The result was excellent in 6 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 1 case. Conclusion The treatment of comminuted fractures of the radial head with bending steel miniplates is a safe and effective method.

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; immunology ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; immunology ; therapy

With widely application of bronchoavleolar lavage , a lot of cases on L.Blattarum infections in respiratory system have emerged in recent years .However , after closely lucubrating pictures of these reported cases and analyzing the results of our animal experiments.It was doubted the reported morphology of L.Blattarum belongs to respiratory ciliated columnar epithelium .This article aimed at guiding our colleagues to distinguish the morphology of Lophomonas blattarum in respiratory system, and,avoid the misdiagnosis.

Objective To describe the effect of loop diuretic on renal function in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods Data were of 211 impatients diagnosed as HF collected in a nested case-control study.The association of application of loop diuretic with renal function was assessed to identify whether loop diuretic was an independent risk factor of worsening renal function(WRF).To identify WRF,we defined serum creatinine level as a rise ≥26.5 μmol/L compared to the level at admission.Therefore,the subjects were divided into case group(serum creatinine level ≥ 26.5 μmol/L,n =66)and control group(serum creatinine level ＜ 26.5μmol/L,n =145).Results The doses of loop diuretic were higher in the case group([385.17 ± 49.37]mg)than the control group([244.50 ± 34.82]ag)(P ＜ 0.05),but it was not independent risk factor of WRF (P＞0.05).Creatinine level and NYHA class at admission were independent risk factor for WRF,with OR of 2.248(95 ％ CI:1.088-4.647)and 2.485(95 ％ CI:1.385-4.459)respectively(Ps ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The doses ofloop diuretic were not independent risk factor of WRF,creatinine level and severity of HF at admission are the most important predictors of the occurrence of WRF.

6cm,the recrudescenc rates when factors were male,mild or moderate malignant,stage of Dukes C,distance from tumor to anus 4～6cm were significantly higher(?2=4.53,P

Objective To explore the possible mechanism of miR 34a/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway in the mouse model of age-related hearing loss.Methods A C57BL/6 mouse model of age-related hearing loss was conducted,and 4-week-old and 12-month-old mice were considered as the objects.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the hearing function.The TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to observe the apoptosis of neuron in auditory cortex.The mRNA and protein levels of miR-34a,Bcl-2 and caspase 3 were detected by real-time PCR and Western bloting,respectively.Results The ABR showed that the hearing threshold level at 4,8,16,32 kHz were higher in 12-month-old mice than in 4-week-old mice [(80.0±2.5) dBHL vs.(32.0 ±4.5) dBHL,(74.0±3.5) dBHL vs.(51.0±1.2) dBHL,(86.0±4.6) dBHL vs.(51.0±3.5) dBHL,(87.0±6.6) dBHL vs.(56.0±1.5) dBHL,all P＜0.05].Compared with 4 week-old mice,the total number of neurons in auditory cortex was decreased,the number of apoptosis neurons was increased,the expressions of miR-34a (t=6.02,P=0.001),Bax (t=6.51,P=0.012) and Caspase 3 (P=0.023) rised,and the expression of Bcl-2 (t=7.12,P=0.032) declined in 12 month-old mice.Conclusions The activation of miR-34a/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway may be one of the mechanisms of age-related hearing loss.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical critical disease, characterized by progressive respiratory distress, intractable hypoxemia, respiratory failure and so on, with high mortality rate and lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can be used in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), which cannot only replace the damaged lung epithelial cells, but also promote tissue repair and alleviate ARDS by secreting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis factors. This review focuses on the related mechanisms and signal pathways of MSC and its paracrine factors in the treatment of ARDS by regulating the balance of macrophage polarization.