Objective: To observe the main pharmacodynamic effects of Yinaoning (YNN) on acute blood stasis rats and cerebral ischemia rats. Methods: Rats were prevented by the oral administration of YNN (0.4375～ 1.75g/kg once daily for 7 days. The acute blood stasis model and cerebral ischemaed model were used. Results: YNN could decrease the blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, shorten the length of in vitro thrombus, abate the wet and dry weights of thrombus in the acute blood stasis model group. It decreased the brain index significantly in the cerebral ischemia model group. The high dose of YNN could decrease the level of Evans blue obviously and reduce the degeneration of cranial nerve cells. These effects were similar to those of YNN Tablets and were dose dependent. Conclusion: YNN is effective for acute blood stasis rats and cerebral ischemaed rats.

Background Animal model of fungal keratitis is an available tool to the experimental study of the pathogenesis mechanism of fungal keratitis. Current modeling methods of fungal keratitis include corneal scratching, corneal stroma injection and corneal surface lens methods. But these methods still have their own shortages. Objective This experiment was to create a fungal keratitis animal model by modifying corneal surface lens method. Methods Modified animal models of fungal keratitis were created by modified corneal surface lens method in 12 general adult New Zealand white rabbits. The filter papers soaked 108 spores / ml or A106spores / ml of spergillus fumigatus suspension were attached on the de-epithelial cornea surface and fixed with contact lens and tarsorrhaphy for 2 days, and the filter paper with physiological saline was used as control group. The symptoms of anterior segment were examined under the slit lamp in 3 ,7 and 14 days after surgery and scored based on the criteria of Dong. Corneal scraping was stained with 10% potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white stain to observed mycelium under the fluorescence microscope. Corneal tissue sections were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid Schiff staining under the light microscope. The use of animal followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results Fungal keratitis models were successfully established in 6 eyes and 4 eyes in 108 spores/ml group (6/6) and 106 spores/ml group respectively. The symptom was more severer and score was higher in the eyes of 108 spores/ml group than that in 106 spores/ml group. At 3 and 7 days after surgery,the symptom scores of fungal keratitis models were higher than those of control group from 3 through 7 days with the statistically significant difference (P<0. 01) and the symptom scores of 108 spores/ml group were significantly higher than those of 106 spores/ml group (P<0. 01). At 14 days after surgery, the symptom scores of 108 spores/ml group were still higher than those of control group (P<0. 05). Fungal hyphae was seen in the corneal scrapes in 108 spores/ml group and 106 spores/ml group respectively from 3 through 7 days after surgery. Inflammatory cell infiltration, stroma cells necrosis and fungal hyphae were presented in 108 spores/ml group, and the corneal neovascularization could be observed in 108 spores / ml group 14 days later. Fungal culture revealed the positive outcome in both 3 and 7 days after surgery in 108 spores/ml group,but in 106 spores/ml group,the positive result was only in the 3rd day. Conclusion Modified corneal surface lens method is more feasible and sample in the model of Aspergillus keratitis. This animal model of Aspergillus keratitis is practical for the further study of fungal keratitis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate central nervous system function of patients with coronary cardiac diease by short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP).MethodsThe cerebral and spinal somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded by stimulating median nerve in 43 patients with coronary cardiac disease but without apparent nervous symptoms and 14 healthy control subjects.ResultsThe lactency periods and central conductive time of N13, N20 and P25 wave were significantly prolonged in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) or angina pectoris (AP) when compared with normal controls (P<0.05～0.001). The lactency periods and central conductive time of N20 and P25 wave recorded in MI patients were longer than those recorded in AP patients (P<0.01～0.001).ConclusionThe subclinical nervous damages in the central somatosensory pathway from spinal cord to cerebral cortex is present in patients with coronary cardiac disease especially myocardial infarction.

Objective To observe effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (pMAP-2) in hippocampus and amygdala of depressive model rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group. The depression rat model was produced by giving chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Treatment group was given daily intragastric administration of ginsenoside RB 1 (1 g/mL crude drug, 1 mL/100 g body weight) for 22 days during modeling. Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of MAP-2 and pMAP-2 protein, and real-time PCR was used to detect expressions of pMAP-2 mRNA respectively. Results The expressions of pMAP-2 protein and mRNA in hippocampus and amygdala were significantly lower in model group than those of control group (P < 0.05). The expressions of pMAP-2 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in treatment group than those of model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 can play anti-depression role by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAP-2 in rats.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of 2000 ArthroCare System in knee arthroscopic surgery. Methods 221 cases of knee problems were treated with 2000ArthroCare System. The disorders of the 221 cases diagnosed by the arthroscopy were as follows: 73 cases of osteoarthritis, 49 meniscus tear, 29 degenerative cartilage injury, 11 plica synovitis, 11 Kaschin Beck disease, 8 ACL, 5 osteochondritis dissecans, and 2 TKA brisement. The operative procedures, such as meniscectomy, meniscoplasty, fitting of cartilage and ligament, synovectomy, and release of lateral patellar retinaculum, were done with 2000ArthroCare System and arthroscopy. Results The Lysholm Knee scores were 43.92 preoperatively, 81.96 three months postoperatively, and 92.06 six months postoperatively. Conclusion Knee problems can be effectively released with 2000 ArthroCare system vaporization under arthroscopic guidance. The advantages of this procedure are very limited tissue damage, mild reaction, less blood loss, early rehabilitation, and fine functional recovery.

With the in-depth research of blood circulation and blood stasis, many scholars gradually carried out research and exploration the pathophysiological basis of blood stasis of the ankylosing spondylitis (AS), from the blood rheology, microcirculation, platelet activation, vascular endothelial function and so on. Some progress that been made were summarized below.

BACKGROUND: Besides being a basic growth factor crucial to maintain and promote the development, differentiation and survival of the central nervous system, nerve growth factor(NGF) also plays an important role in the repair of injured peripheral nerves.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the muscular injection of NGF on the regeneration and functional recovery of rat sciatic nerve after crush injury.DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot study in rats with repeated observation and measurement.SETTING: Center for new drug evaluation in a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was performed in the Center for New Drug Evaluation, Department of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University during the period from July 1999 to March 2000, using 40 SD rats weighing 200 to 250 g(of either sex of half number) provided by the Sino-British SIPPR/BK Lab Aninal Ltd (Shanghai).METHODS: Forty rats were randomized into high-, mid- and low-dose NGF treatment groups, normal control group and model control group. The sciatic nerves were clamped at 6 nm distal to the sciatic notch to induce a 4-mm-wide area of crush injury. In the high-, mid-; and low-dose NGF groups, the rats were given NGF at 8, 4 and 2 μg/kg per day(corresponding to 1.6 × 10 3, 8 × 10 2 and 4 × 10 2 IU/kg per day) respectively via the muscular injection for 56 consecutive days.(NCVs) and sciatic function index(SFI) at different time points after the RESULTS: Compared with that of the model control group, the NCVs significantly increased in the high-dose NGF group 35 and 56 days after the injury,and in the mid-dose NGFgroup at 35 days(t=2.32-5.14, P ＜0.05-0.01 ). The SFIs significantly increased in all NGF-treated groups at 14 days ( t = 2. 29-6.28, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ), with the recovery most conspicuous in high-dose NGF group; No significant difference in the SFIs was found between the NGF-treated groups on the 56th day. Morphological examination of the tissues identified no significant difference in the nerve myelin sheaths and axons in NGF-treated groups as compared with the normal control group,while in the model control group, myelin sheath dislocation with unclear microstructure was observed, accompanied by Schwann cell degeneration and necrosis.CONCLUSION: NGF promotes the repair of the damaged nerve myelin sheath and axon and stimulates nerve fiber regeneration and function recovery of the crushed rat sciatic nerves.

Objective: To explore the role of anti-?? T cell receptor(TCR) and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) combined with donor bone marrow cells(BMCs) infusion in the induction of murine skin allografts tolerance.Methods: On day 0,2?10~8 BMCs of BALB/c mice were injected into recipient C57BL/6 mice via the tail vein,meanwhile,an intraperitoneal injection of TCR?? mAb(500 ?g) was given.On day 2,CD80 mAb was administered intraperitoneally.Skin grafting was performed on day 6.Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH),mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR),IL-2 reverse assay of MLR,adoptive transfer assay and chimerism detection were performed at different time points and tolerance mechanisms were investigated.Results: The mean survival time(MST) of BALB/c skin allografts in C57BL/6 recipients that were treated by anti-TCR?? and anti-CD80 mAbs combined with donor BMCs infusion was 70 days.DTH and MLR assay indicated that the tolerant mice displayed significant hyporesponsiveness.The result of IL-2 reverse test showed that clone anergy was probably involved in the formation of tolerance in the tolerant C57BL/6 mice.In vivo and in vitro adoptive transfer assay,suppressive activity in the spleens of tolerant C57BL/6 mice was observed.Chimerism existed in both the thymus and spleen of the tolerant C57BL/6 mice.The chimerism level gradually declined with time.Conclusion: Treatment of anti-TCR?? and anti-CD80 mAbs combined with donor BMCs infusion can successfully induce a long-term tolerance in BALB/c mice to C57BL/6 skin graft.Multiple mechanisms,including clone anergy,suppressor cells and chimerism are involved in the tolerance.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity (PMMNC).Methods 17 cases of PMMNC diagnosed from January 2003 to September 2016 were studied by clinical pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results 73％ of the PMMNC was characterized by unilateral nasal congestion and intermittent epistaxis and 61％ of the PMMNC occurred in the nasal septum and nasal side wall.Microscopically,the organizational structure and morphology were complex and diverse,which had several cell types including epithelioid cell type (6cases,35.3％),spindle cell type (3 cases,17.6％) and snall cell type (5 cases,29.4％),the other 3 cases (17.6％)were mixed cell type.Mitotic activity and tumor necrosis were more likely to be seen in PMMNC,among other clinicopathological features with a small amount of fibrous stroma and melanoma and rich blood vessels.The immunohistochemical study showed that the positive rate of S-100 and HMB-45 were both 93.8％(15 cases) and those of Melan-A and vimentin were both 87.5％ (14 cases),while CK and EMA were both negative (16 cases).Conclusion PMMNC is a rare disease and the phenotype of S-100,HMB-45,Melan-A and vimentin are useful for diagnosis of PMMNC.

Contents in orthopaedic are independent relatively and finding out the internal relations during them is helpful to improving the effect of orthopaedic teaching.Transfer theory is important tools for clinical teaching practice,and finding out the common characteristics between the orthopaedic chapters is primary for the theory.This research focuses on the following fields:fractures,nerve injury,infection,tumor and deformity.After the common characteristics between these chapters were analyzed and discussed,we concluded that the transfer theory is helpful in orthopaedic teaching practice,especially for students' comprehension and memory,but still we should avoid some negative effects in teaching process.