AIM To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Cucurbita moschata (Duch.ex Lam.) Duch.ex Poiret.METHODS The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of 70％ ethanol extract from C.moschata leaves were isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and preparative TLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as β-amyrin (1),phytol (2),α-linolenic acid (3),α-methyl linolenate (4),palmitic acid (5),ethyl linoleate (6),ethyl palmitate (7),daucosterol (8),β-sitosterol (9),(6S,9R)-roseoside (10),soya-cerebroside Ⅰ (11),dibutyl phthalate (12),4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis (methyl) carbamates (13).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis,and then analyze possible related risk factors for long-term complications after EST.Methods We made a retrospective study of 103 out of 158 patients who had EST from January 2005 to December 2006.Results In the 103 patients,there were 13 cases of long-term complications(≥3 m after EST),the incident rate being 12.6%:recurrent calculus of common bile duct in 8 cases,combined cholangitis in 6;cholangitis in 1;acute calculus cholecystitis in 2;residual calculus in 1 case;chronic pancreatitis in 1 case.Conclusion Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective and safe way to treat biliary tract obstruction.Preoperative jaundice may be the risk factor inducing long-term complications after EST.

Objective: To construct transcriptome profiling of parenchyma cell using laser capture microdissection (LCM) combined with Gene-Chip technology. Methods: We obtained cancerous parenchyma cells from frozen sections of tumor tissues by using LCM. RNA was extracted from the cells. aRNA was obtained after linear amplification, and then converted to cRNA probe, finally hybridized with Affymetrix HG-U133. Plus 2.0 Gene-Chip for construction of full genome transcriptome profiling. Results: About 3 mm2 cancerous colon cells were obtained from each of 5 colon cancer specimens, respectively. The quantity of total RNA extracted from cancerous colon cells ranged from 118.4 to 300.3 ng. We obtained 7 υg of aRNA after linear amplification from 100 ng mixed RNA. The quality control was guided by the operating instruction standard of Gene-Chip. Totally 18 205 transcripts were presented representing 15 276 genes. Conclusion: The combination of laser capture microdissection and Gene-Chip technology could be used for construction of transcriptome profiling of purified cancerous parenchyma cells.

[Objective]To compare the difference between single and double balloon kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral body.[Method]Twenty osteoporotic vertebral bodies were harvested from 10 embalmed cadavers,alternatingly assigned to either the single and double group.All vertebraes were compressed by 25% of their initial height using materials testing machine to create vertebral compression fractures and determine their augmented strength and stiffness before and after injecting the cement.Precompression,postcompression and posttreatment height of vertebrae were measured.[Result]Both treatments resulted in significantly stronger vertebral bodies relative to their initial state(P

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To explore the application value of plastic biliary stent and fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) in endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 54 patients with benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation undergoing ERCP treatment who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2010 and August 2016 were collected.Among 54 patients,44 had simple anastomotic stricture and 10 had non-anastomotic stricture.All the patients underwent stent implantation by ERCP.Patients with stricture within 1 month postoperatively initially selected single plastic stent or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD),and then changed into multiple plastic stents at the second stent replacement.Patients with stricture after 1 month postoperatively selected multiple plastic stents,multiple plastic stents after balloon dilation or FCSEMS.Observation indicators:ERCP situations,stent implantation,time of stent indwelling,postoperative complications,stent dislocation,treatment outcome and follow-up situations.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to November 2016.Clinical symptoms of patients were observed within 1 month postoperatively and liver function and abdominal ultrasound were retested.Liver function and remission degree of biliary stricture were monitored regularly once every 3 months.Measurement data were described as average (range).Results All the patients underwent successful ERCP,of which 53 completed the process of ERCP and 1 rejected treatment due to economic problems.All the 54 patients received 140 times ERCPs with an average of 2.59 times per person,21 times ENBDs,11 times FCSEMSs and 108 times plastic stent implantations (including 35 times single stent implantations,46 times double stents implantations,23 times 3-stents implantations and 4 times 4-stents implantations).All the 54 patients were followed up for 3-143 months,with an average time of 73 months.Of 44 with anastomotic stricture,34 received plastic stent implantation and 98 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 2 (range,1-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 10.7 months (range,9.0-13.0months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 4 persons every time,7 persons every time,10 persons every time and 3 persons every time,respectively;26 patients were cured and 5 were improved,with an effective rate of 91.2％ (31/34);3 patients with noneffective treatment continued to undergo ERCP and 3 patients had recurrence of anastomotic stricture.Among 10 patients with initial FCSEMS implantation,12 times ERCPs were performed,with an average time of stent indwelling of 7.6 months (range,6.0-12.0 months);postoperative biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and stent dislocation were detected in 1 person every time,1 person every time and 1 person every time,respectively;8 patients were cured,with an effective rate of 8/10;of 2 patients with persistent stricture,1 patient received contrast examination after stent removal,showing a comparative stricture in level 1 branch of intrahepatic duct and considering combined ischaemia,and then underwent the second implantation using multiple plastic stents;the other patient had elevated level of jaundice at 3 months after stents removal and received ERCP,showing anastomotic inflammatory polyp,and then underwent FCSEMS implantation again.Ten patients with non-anastomotic stricture received plastic stent implantation and 30 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 3 (range,2-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 11.3 months (range,10.0-14.0 months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 2 persons every time,5 persons every time,2 persons every time and 1 person every time,respectively;3 patients were cured and 3 were improved,with an effective rate of 6/10;of 4 patients with noneffective treatment,2 died of gradually deteriorating liver function and 2 underwent the second liver transplantation.Conclusions Stent implantation in ERCP is safe and effective for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation,single plastic stent should be used in the early period (within 1 month) and multiple plastic stents should be used in the later period.Although FCSEMS has a higher displacement rate,it should be recommended due to a better clinical effect,lower incidence of complications and simple operation.For patients with non-anastomotic stricture,plastic stent should be used for extrahepatic biliary stricture,with a good clinical effect,and there is worse effect in stent implantation through ERCP for multiple intrahepatic biliary strictures.

Objective To evaluate the effect of behavioral intervention on changing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about AIDS among the migrant workers in railway construction sites. Methods Health education and behavioral intervention on AIDS were carried out among the migrant workers for 4 to 5 months, who were clusteredly sampled from two railway construction sites, in the forms of mini-media, peer education and so on. Questionnaire survey was conducted among them before and after the intervention. Results The results showed that the knowledge awareness of the migrant workers on the transmission routes, preventions of AIDS and self-protection consciousness increased significantly by comparing the indexes of 943 pre-intervention with those of 671 post-intervention workers. After intervention procedures, the rate of those workers who would adopt negative attitudes towards the HIV infected persons because of fear and discrimination was decreased from 9.8% and 10.5% to 6.3% and 3.5% (both P

Objective To explore the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells(RPMCs) and its mechanism.Methods Primary peritoneal mesothelial cells of SP rats were cultured in vitro. After synchronization for 24 h, RPMCs were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (control), Group B (TGF-β1, 10 μg/L). RPMCs were stimulated by 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different time. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagenⅠwere measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The protein expression level of total RhoA was measured by Western blot. Active RhoA was extracted by Plasma Membrane Protein Extraction Kit, and assessed by Western blot. Results TGF-β1 down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin in RPMCs, and upregulated mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and CollagenⅠ. TGF-β1 stimulation elicited a robust increase in RhoA activity in a time-dependent manner. RhoA activity peaked at 1 h.Conclusion RPMCs can be transdifferentiated into myofibroblast under the effect of TGF-(β1,)and the mechanism may be related to the activation of RhoA associated signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression level of miRNA-146a (miR-146a) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD),and discuss its regulation mechanism of AMD by repressing VEGF-A.Methods The expressions of miR-146 and VEGF-A were examined by qRT-PCR in RPE cells in mice aged 2 months,8 months,12 months,18 months or 24 months,and in RPE cells from 75 years old AMD patients.The protein level of VEGF-A was also detected by Western Blotting.Finally,the effects of overexpression of miR-146a in APRE-19 cell line on expression of VEGF-A was checked.Results MiR-146 was up-regulated to 8 times or 24 times at 18 months or 24 months aged mice,and the expression of VEGFA was down-regulated in aging RPE from 1.5 times to 0.8 times.However,the expression of miR-146 decreased to 14.5 times and VEGF-A increased in RPE cells of AMD.In cultured cells,overexpression of miR-146a inhibited the expression of VEGF-A.Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-146a in aging RPE cells and its down-regulation in AMD suggest a potential of miR-146a as molecular marker.MiR-146a overexpression inhibits the expression of VEGF-A,supporting a potential clinical treatment of miR-146 in AMD.

A perfect clinical trial must nave a solid study design, strict conduction, complete quality control, non-interference of statistical result, and acceptable risk-benefit ratio. To reach the target, the quality control (QC) should be performed from the study design to conduction, from the analysis to conclusion. We discuss the relationship between data management and biostatistics from the statistical point of view, and emphasize the importance of the statistical concept and methods in the improvement of data quality in clinical data management.
Biostatistics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Data Collection ; standards ; Quality Control ; Research Design ; standards