Objective To study the effects on electroporation of Qingfengteng cataplasma transdermal absorption and describe the characteristics of animal pharmacokinetics of it.Methods Two-chamber diffusion cell was used and the plasma drug concentration was determined by HPLC.The application of AIC theory to analysis of the compartmentally based model of sinomenine transdermal delivery by electroporation.Results The Cmax,Ka,and AUC0→∞ of electroporation was larger than those of passive diffusion;t1/2(Ka)and tmax of electroporation were reduced compared with passive diffusion.The drug concentration-curve equation were C=2.884?(e-0.056 t-e-0.232 t)and C=2.512?(e-0.058 t-e-0.149 t)for electroporation and passive diffusion,respectively.Conclusion The change of in vivo drug concentration of Qingfengteng calaplasma transdermal absorption by electroporation could be analized in accordance with mammillary one-compartment open model.The etrectroporation technology could sharply enhance the bioavalibility compared with the passive diffusion.

Objective To evaluate and compare the value of predicting diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis of the body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat(PBF),so as to provide the basis for evaluation of obesity.Methods Totally 3149 common residents in Jiangsu province were surveyed using the method of stratified and cluster sampling.Effective data included height,weight,PBF,blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV).Obesity was defined by percent body fat with the evaluation of WHO and ASBP.Areas under ROC curves(AUC)of BMI and PBF were estimated by the nonparametric test and then the two diagnostic tests were compared by predictive value of related diseases.Results(1)Predictive value of BMI to diagnose obesity(defined by PBF):AUC are respectively 0.949(for WHO standard)、0.906(for ASBP standard)in women and 0.864 in men.In age group,the 20-39 years have the highest AUC of BMI to predict obesity.P＜0.01 for above nonparametric tests.(2)According to ROC curves we got the adjusted cut-off points of BMI are respectively 26 kg/m2 in men and 25 kg/m2 in women for WHO standard or 26 kg/m2 in men and 23 kg/m2 in women for ASBP standard,while the specificity of predicting obesity decreased from 90％ ～ 99％ to 76％ ～87％,but the sensitivity significant increased from 17％ ～ 43％ to 78％ ～ 89％;After adjusting the cutoff points of BMI,the value of kappa of prevalence of obesity increased from 0.475 to 0.537 in men and 0.115 to 0.655 in women.(3)To predict hypertension,areas of BMI were 0.688(95％CI:0.656-0.720) in men and 0.745 (95％CI:0.708-0.782) in women,similarly,of PBF were 0.687 (95％CI:0.655-0.718) in men and 0.723(95％CI:0.681-0.764)in women;To predict arteriosclerosis there showed highly consistency that the areas of BMI were 0.613(0.586-0.641)in men and 0.692(95％CI:0.659-0.726)in women,meanwhile,for PBF they were 0.635 (95％CI:0.608-0.663) in men and 0.683 (95％CI:0.648-0.718) in women (P＜0.01).(4) Paired test of the two areas under ROC curves showed that PBF had higher diagnostic value than BMI in men to predict arteriosclerosis(u=2.05,P＜0.05),however,no statistical difference in women(u=0.75,P＞0.05)and in predicting hypertension(u=0.75 to men and u=1.26 to women,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Using BMI and PBF can all predict hypertension and arteriosclerosis effectively,thus,obesity can be evaluated suitably by both BMI and PBF in large-scale population study,especially in women and youth.Relatively,WHO standard of PBF is more suitable for Chinese population to evaluate obesity than ASBP standard.

OBJECTIVESince HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008, 18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009. This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age, sex, area, and time between 2008 and 2009, to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.

METHODSWe analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009, and presented data on the distribution of age, sex, area and time. A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.

RESULTSMore than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in Mainland China from May 2008 to December 2009 (total incidence: 12.47 per 10 000). Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were <5 years old. The incidence was highest in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan. The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August. The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.

CONCLUSIONChildren <5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability. The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas, and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.

Aging ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Time Factors

DNA topoisomerases-mediated DNA damages are generated from exogenous and endogenous effects, which need to be metabolized or repaired to maintain genome stability involving in many of repair enzymes. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) are two DNA repair enzymes discovered recently. TDP1 and TDP2 have the ability to hydrolyze the tyrosyl-phosphodiester bond of the phenol of tyrosine with 3'-and 5'-DNA end, respectively, which are contained in the metabolites of the damaged DNA mediated by topoisomerase 1 and topoisomerase 2, respectively. The abnormal activation and expression of TDP1 or TDP2 is the important reason for cancer development. Therefore, TDP1 and TDP2 have been regarded as potential targets in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the rationales of their potential as targets and development of their inhibitors together with topoisomerase poisons or DNA damaging agents.

Objective To investigate ISO 7206 standard used as a guidance for clinical selection of total hip prosthesis. Methods Kinematics and dynamics process of normal walking gait was simulated by establishing a numerical musculoskeletal model; the corresponding finite element model of total hip prosthesis was constructed, and gait loads were applied to calculate stress distribution on prosthesis, which were compared with that on ISO finite element model. ResultsPeaks of hip joint reaction forces were achieved at 20% gait and 54% gait during normal walking gait, which were used as gait loads for finite element simulation, and the results showed that the maximum Von Mises stress of prosthesis was reached at 20% gait. The maximum Von Mises stress of prosthesis in loosening model was higher than that in non-loosening model, and some differences existed in the distribution pattern. The maximum stresses of prosthesis both under ISO loads and gait loads by different body weights were analyzed and compared, and the maximum stress of prosthesis under ISO loads was equivalent to that under gait loads by body weight between 108 kg and 142 kg. ConclusionsThe prosthesis that passed ISO test can meet the strength requirement for normal gait loads of 100 kg body weight.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its association with the prognosis of postoperative patients.

METHODSSurgical specimens were obtained from 102 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical resection in our hospital from 1996 to 2006. Immunochemistry was employed to examine EZH2 protein expressions in the specimens, including 102 carcinoma tissue specimens, 30 adjacent tissue specimens and 30 normal esophageal tissue specimens. The expression levels of EZH2 were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological parameters of the patients including gender, age, tumor differentiation, TNM, and lymph node metastasis. The postoperative patients were followed up to analyze the association of EZH2 expression with the clinical outcomes.

RESULTSThe esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue showed a higher EZH2 expression than the adjacent and normal esophageal tissues. EZH2 expression was higher in poorly differentiated carcinoma than in well differentiated tissue, and also higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than those without; the expression was higher in TNM stage II/III patients than in stage I patients but lower than in stage IV patients. The patients with low EZH2 expression was found to have a longer survival time than those with high EZH2 expression (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEZH2 plays an important role in the differentiation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and a high EZH2 expression is associated with a poor outcome in the the postoperative patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of the pattern of inhalant and food allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） by gender in Guangzhou. MethodsBy collecting the results of serum allergen specific IgE （sIgE） test of 7 284 suspected AR patients visiting the ENT outpatient in the Third Hospital of SunYat-sen University from 2016 to 2020. The characteristics of the pattern of inhalant and food allergens in definite AR patients， especially the gender difference in allergen pattern， was compared. ResultsA total of 5 980 patients were confirmed as AR with a 82.10% positive rate （95%CI=81.22%， 82.98%） in allergen serum sIgE test. The mean age of male patients was 19.01±13.17 vs. 23.67±13.40 in female. The mean age of female patients was older than that of the male patients （P<0.001）. Compared with the female patients， the positive rate was higher in the male AR patients （83.35% vs. 80.61%， P<0.05）. The common inhalant allergens in Guangzhou were house dust mites （78.93%）， house dust （17.71%） and mold groups （17.16%）， and milk （20.45%）， cashew nut （20.35%） and crab （18.28%） were the common food allergens. The positive rates of house dust mites and dog dander were higher in males than those in females （all of P<0.05）， while the positive rate of mold groups was higher in females than that in males （P<0.001）. The positive rates of egg， milk， shrimp， beef， crab and cashew nut were higher in male patients than those of the female patients （all of P<0.05）. In minor group， the positive rate of inhalant allergen serum sIgE was higher in males （93.25%） than that in females （90.25%， P<0.05）， while the positive rate of food allergen serum sIgE was higher in adult male patients （54.66%） than that in the adult female patients （49.23%， P=0.002）. ConclusionsThere exist significant difference by gender in the positive rates of allergen among house dust mites， mold groups， dog dander， egg， milk， shrimp， beef， crab and cashew nut. Adult male AR patients seem to be more vulnerable to suffering from food allergy， suggesting the importance of the precise management for AR patients involving the gender characteristics.

OBJECTIVEStudy the characteristics of absorption and separation of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription using macroporous resin.

METHODStudy the techniquecs and characteristics of absorption and separation of a sample by macroporous resin, which is composed of coptis root, rhubarb and common anemarrhena rhizome, containing alkaloid, anthraquinone and saponin.

RESULTIt is proved by qualitative and quantitative researches studies that after absorbed and separated by optimized technics process, most prime effective components or section fractions in traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription can be reserved maintained.

CONCLUSIONIf the techniquecs of separation is properly designed, the same kind of macropore resin can absorbd and separate various effective components or section in traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription which have with different chemical structures efficiently.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Anthraquinones ; isolation & purification ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BACKGROUNDCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a biocompatible and osteoconductive bone substitute, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has strong osteoinductibility, therefore we developed a composite bone substitute with CPC and rhBMP-2 and evaluate its reconstruction effect in rabbit orbital defect.

METHODSThirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into two groups and a 5 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm bone defect in the infraorbital rim was induced by surgery in each orbit (72 orbits in all). The orbital defects were treated with pure CPC or composite of CPC and rhBMP-2. The osteogenesis ability of different bone substitute was evaluated by gross observation, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation, compressive load-to-failure testing, and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSGross observation showed that both bone substitutes were safe and effective for reconstruction of orbital defect. However, histological examination, histomorphometrical evaluation and SEM showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had faster speed in new bone formation and degradation of substitute material than CPC group. Compressive load-to-failure testing showed that CPC/rhBMP-2 group had stronger compressive strength than CPC group at every stage with significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONComposite of CPC/rhBMP-2 is an ideal bioactive material for repairing orbital defect, with good osteoconductibility and osteoinductibility.

Animals ; Bone Cements ; therapeutic use ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; therapeutic use ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Orbit ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences in prognostic factors between the young and old lung cancer patients treated by chemo-radiotherapy.

METHODSThe clinical data were collected from 70 young patients (< 40 years old, the study group) and 82 randomly selected old patients (> or = 40 years old, the control group) treated by chemo-radiotherapy. Survival analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis by Log rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, respectively.

RESULTSMedian survival time was 10 months in the study group and 12 months in the control group. The 2-year survival rate was 11.1% versus 23.1% and the 5-year survival was 3.1% versus 5.4%, respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated that symptom duration time, mis-diagnosis duration time, clinical stage, chemo-radiation regimen, radiation dose, DDP dose, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were associated with the prognosis of the study group, and symptom duration time, clinical stage, radiation dose, DDP dose, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were associated with that of the control group. Multivariate analyses showed that clinical stage, weight loss and Karnofsky performance status were independent prognostic factors for both groups, but DDP dose only for the study group.

CONCLUSIONThe overall survival was similar in young and old patient groups; There was some difference in prognostic factors between the two groups; DDP dose was an independent prognostic factor for young lung cancer patients which might bear dose-response relationship.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiation Dosage ; Survival Rate