Objective To study the effects on electroporation of Qingfengteng cataplasma transdermal absorption and describe the characteristics of animal pharmacokinetics of it.Methods Two-chamber diffusion cell was used and the plasma drug concentration was determined by HPLC.The application of AIC theory to analysis of the compartmentally based model of sinomenine transdermal delivery by electroporation.Results The Cmax,Ka,and AUC0→∞ of electroporation was larger than those of passive diffusion;t1/2(Ka)and tmax of electroporation were reduced compared with passive diffusion.The drug concentration-curve equation were C=2.884?(e-0.056 t-e-0.232 t)and C=2.512?(e-0.058 t-e-0.149 t)for electroporation and passive diffusion,respectively.Conclusion The change of in vivo drug concentration of Qingfengteng calaplasma transdermal absorption by electroporation could be analized in accordance with mammillary one-compartment open model.The etrectroporation technology could sharply enhance the bioavalibility compared with the passive diffusion.

Objective To evaluate and compare the value of predicting diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis of the body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat(PBF),so as to provide the basis for evaluation of obesity.Methods Totally 3149 common residents in Jiangsu province were surveyed using the method of stratified and cluster sampling.Effective data included height,weight,PBF,blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV).Obesity was defined by percent body fat with the evaluation of WHO and ASBP.Areas under ROC curves(AUC)of BMI and PBF were estimated by the nonparametric test and then the two diagnostic tests were compared by predictive value of related diseases.Results(1)Predictive value of BMI to diagnose obesity(defined by PBF):AUC are respectively 0.949(for WHO standard)、0.906(for ASBP standard)in women and 0.864 in men.In age group,the 20-39 years have the highest AUC of BMI to predict obesity.P＜0.01 for above nonparametric tests.(2)According to ROC curves we got the adjusted cut-off points of BMI are respectively 26 kg/m2 in men and 25 kg/m2 in women for WHO standard or 26 kg/m2 in men and 23 kg/m2 in women for ASBP standard,while the specificity of predicting obesity decreased from 90％ ～ 99％ to 76％ ～87％,but the sensitivity significant increased from 17％ ～ 43％ to 78％ ～ 89％;After adjusting the cutoff points of BMI,the value of kappa of prevalence of obesity increased from 0.475 to 0.537 in men and 0.115 to 0.655 in women.(3)To predict hypertension,areas of BMI were 0.688(95％CI:0.656-0.720) in men and 0.745 (95％CI:0.708-0.782) in women,similarly,of PBF were 0.687 (95％CI:0.655-0.718) in men and 0.723(95％CI:0.681-0.764)in women;To predict arteriosclerosis there showed highly consistency that the areas of BMI were 0.613(0.586-0.641)in men and 0.692(95％CI:0.659-0.726)in women,meanwhile,for PBF they were 0.635 (95％CI:0.608-0.663) in men and 0.683 (95％CI:0.648-0.718) in women (P＜0.01).(4) Paired test of the two areas under ROC curves showed that PBF had higher diagnostic value than BMI in men to predict arteriosclerosis(u=2.05,P＜0.05),however,no statistical difference in women(u=0.75,P＞0.05)and in predicting hypertension(u=0.75 to men and u=1.26 to women,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Using BMI and PBF can all predict hypertension and arteriosclerosis effectively,thus,obesity can be evaluated suitably by both BMI and PBF in large-scale population study,especially in women and youth.Relatively,WHO standard of PBF is more suitable for Chinese population to evaluate obesity than ASBP standard.

OBJECTIVESince HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008, 18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009. This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age, sex, area, and time between 2008 and 2009, to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.

METHODSWe analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009, and presented data on the distribution of age, sex, area and time. A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.

RESULTSMore than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in Mainland China from May 2008 to December 2009 (total incidence: 12.47 per 10 000). Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were <5 years old. The incidence was highest in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan. The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August. The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.

CONCLUSIONChildren <5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability. The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas, and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.

Aging ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Time Factors

DNA topoisomerases-mediated DNA damages are generated from exogenous and endogenous effects, which need to be metabolized or repaired to maintain genome stability involving in many of repair enzymes. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) are two DNA repair enzymes discovered recently. TDP1 and TDP2 have the ability to hydrolyze the tyrosyl-phosphodiester bond of the phenol of tyrosine with 3'-and 5'-DNA end, respectively, which are contained in the metabolites of the damaged DNA mediated by topoisomerase 1 and topoisomerase 2, respectively. The abnormal activation and expression of TDP1 or TDP2 is the important reason for cancer development. Therefore, TDP1 and TDP2 have been regarded as potential targets in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the rationales of their potential as targets and development of their inhibitors together with topoisomerase poisons or DNA damaging agents.

Objective To investigate ISO 7206 standard used as a guidance for clinical selection of total hip prosthesis. Methods Kinematics and dynamics process of normal walking gait was simulated by establishing a numerical musculoskeletal model; the corresponding finite element model of total hip prosthesis was constructed, and gait loads were applied to calculate stress distribution on prosthesis, which were compared with that on ISO finite element model. ResultsPeaks of hip joint reaction forces were achieved at 20% gait and 54% gait during normal walking gait, which were used as gait loads for finite element simulation, and the results showed that the maximum Von Mises stress of prosthesis was reached at 20% gait. The maximum Von Mises stress of prosthesis in loosening model was higher than that in non-loosening model, and some differences existed in the distribution pattern. The maximum stresses of prosthesis both under ISO loads and gait loads by different body weights were analyzed and compared, and the maximum stress of prosthesis under ISO loads was equivalent to that under gait loads by body weight between 108 kg and 142 kg. ConclusionsThe prosthesis that passed ISO test can meet the strength requirement for normal gait loads of 100 kg body weight.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of the pattern of inhalant and food allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） by gender in Guangzhou. MethodsBy collecting the results of serum allergen specific IgE （sIgE） test of 7 284 suspected AR patients visiting the ENT outpatient in the Third Hospital of SunYat-sen University from 2016 to 2020. The characteristics of the pattern of inhalant and food allergens in definite AR patients， especially the gender difference in allergen pattern， was compared. ResultsA total of 5 980 patients were confirmed as AR with a 82.10% positive rate （95%CI=81.22%， 82.98%） in allergen serum sIgE test. The mean age of male patients was 19.01±13.17 vs. 23.67±13.40 in female. The mean age of female patients was older than that of the male patients （P<0.001）. Compared with the female patients， the positive rate was higher in the male AR patients （83.35% vs. 80.61%， P<0.05）. The common inhalant allergens in Guangzhou were house dust mites （78.93%）， house dust （17.71%） and mold groups （17.16%）， and milk （20.45%）， cashew nut （20.35%） and crab （18.28%） were the common food allergens. The positive rates of house dust mites and dog dander were higher in males than those in females （all of P<0.05）， while the positive rate of mold groups was higher in females than that in males （P<0.001）. The positive rates of egg， milk， shrimp， beef， crab and cashew nut were higher in male patients than those of the female patients （all of P<0.05）. In minor group， the positive rate of inhalant allergen serum sIgE was higher in males （93.25%） than that in females （90.25%， P<0.05）， while the positive rate of food allergen serum sIgE was higher in adult male patients （54.66%） than that in the adult female patients （49.23%， P=0.002）. ConclusionsThere exist significant difference by gender in the positive rates of allergen among house dust mites， mold groups， dog dander， egg， milk， shrimp， beef， crab and cashew nut. Adult male AR patients seem to be more vulnerable to suffering from food allergy， suggesting the importance of the precise management for AR patients involving the gender characteristics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its association with the prognosis of postoperative patients.

METHODSSurgical specimens were obtained from 102 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical resection in our hospital from 1996 to 2006. Immunochemistry was employed to examine EZH2 protein expressions in the specimens, including 102 carcinoma tissue specimens, 30 adjacent tissue specimens and 30 normal esophageal tissue specimens. The expression levels of EZH2 were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological parameters of the patients including gender, age, tumor differentiation, TNM, and lymph node metastasis. The postoperative patients were followed up to analyze the association of EZH2 expression with the clinical outcomes.

RESULTSThe esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue showed a higher EZH2 expression than the adjacent and normal esophageal tissues. EZH2 expression was higher in poorly differentiated carcinoma than in well differentiated tissue, and also higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than those without; the expression was higher in TNM stage II/III patients than in stage I patients but lower than in stage IV patients. The patients with low EZH2 expression was found to have a longer survival time than those with high EZH2 expression (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONEZH2 plays an important role in the differentiation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and a high EZH2 expression is associated with a poor outcome in the the postoperative patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis

Objective: To establish a dynamic compartmental model to predict the impact of HIV testing and treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on the annual incidence of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China from 2018 to 2037. Methods: A dynamic compartmental model was developed to describe the HIV epidemic in MSM in China. The model was parameterized using data from the literature available. We used MATLAB 7.0 software for data simulation and graphics rendering. We analyzed HIV transmission among MSM and estimated the impact of expanded HIV testing and treatment and PrEP on HIV elimination in MSM. Results: Under the current policy, the number of new HIV infections would reach 770 000, the infection rate would reach 11.1% and the incidence rate would reach 0.72/100 person years in MSM in the next 20 years. Under the 90%-90%-90% goal, 440 000 new infections (57.7%) would be reduced, the HIV infection rate would decline to 5.7% and the incidence rate would decline to 0.24/100 person years in the next 20 years, but it is still unlikely to achieve the goal of HIV elimination. With 100% PrEP compliance, the required PrEP coverage rates for achieving HIV elimination in the next 10, 15 and 20 years would be 65%, 32% and 19%, respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive intervention in MSM, continue to expand HIV testing and treatment, and improve PrEP adherence and coverage to further control and eliminate the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in MSM.
China ; Goals ; HIV ; HIV Infections/transmission* ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Glaucoma is rarely complicated by retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To provide clinical evidences for this rare situation, we report the concurrence of these two diseases in two children of a Chinese family. In the present two-child Chinese family without positive history, the older sister presented with bilateral sector RP and coexisting chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and the brother with bilateral whole RP but without coexisting glaucoma. Clinical evidences in concurrence of variants of RP and glaucoma because of possible different gene mutations from the same genetic background represent a rare situation, which may provide clues for future researches in molecular pathogenesis of these rare diseases.
Female ; Glaucoma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore a more effective operative method for later facial nerve palsy.

METHODSA synthetically operative method of combining free graft of short extensor of toe with the technique of undermined inducted suture was used in 432 cases of later facial nerve palsy.

RESULTS82% of 432 cases acquired satisfactory effect that consisted of static symmetry and dynamic rough symmetry in facial expression. 12% cases only acquired static symmetry in facial expression but the dynamic symmetry were insufficient. Unsatisfactory results were occurred in 6% cases as both the static and dynamic symmetry of their facial expression were insufficient, which acquired preferable results 2 another suspending operation 8 to 12 months later. 4 cases got post operation infection; through cases happel in foot and 2 in face. All of them were cured by the treatment of drain and antibiotic in 3 weeks. 46% cases were followed up by further consultation or telephone. The longest followed up was period 12 years, while the shortest was 1 year, and the average was 28 months. 93% patients were satisfactory with the results, and 7% patients thought that their facial expression symmetry were insufficient though their facial abnormality were improved obviously.

CONCLUSIONSThe synthetically operative method of combining free graft of short extensor of toe with the technique of undermined inducted suture was an effective method for later facial nerve palsy, and most of the patients could acquired satisfactory results. This operative method is good for popularize because of its simple operation, slight tissue injury and fews complication post-operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Facial Paralysis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; innervation ; transplantation ; Suture Techniques ; Young Adult