Objective To observe the effect of anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Methods Intraperitoneal injection of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was made to cause fever in rats and then to observe the anti-pyretic effect of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Intraperitoneal injection of glacial acetic acid was made to led inflammatory exudate in rats and then to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Smearing cylene in auricles was done to cause inflammatory swelling in rats and then to observe the effect of the alleviation of the inflammatory swelling of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Results ①The temperature of rats in the group of the aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction were become lower at each time.The basic temperature of the model control group was (37.14±0.39) ℃,the temperature in the first hour was (40.31±0.34) ℃,the second hour was (40.44±0.44) ℃,the fourth hour was (40.24±0.34) ℃,the sixth hour was (40.05 ±0.44)℃,and the eighth hour was (39.85 ±0.37)℃.The basic temperature of the aspirin group was (37.13±0.33)℃,the temperature in the first hour was (38.74±0.42)℃,the second hour was (38.86±0.33) ℃,the fourth hour was (39.05±0.36)℃,the sixth hour was (38.74±0.37)℃,and the eighth hour was 38.64±0.24) ℃.The basic temperature of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (37.03±0.46) ℃,the temperature in the first hour was (39.02±0.49) ℃,the second hour was (38.82±0.49) ℃,the fourth hour was (38.63±0.46)℃,the sixth hour was (38.62±0.52)℃,and the eighth hour was (38.42±0.44)℃.The differences were statistical significance compared with the model control group (P＜0.01),the onset of anti-pyretic of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was slower than the aspirin group,but it had a longer lasting effect.Moreover,the rats' temperature decrease of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group in the fourth hour had a statistical significance compared with the aspirin group.(P＜0.05).② After the intevention of aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction,the optical density of evans blue:the model control group was (0.221 ±0.045),the aspirin group was (0.162±0.053),the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (0.176±0.049),the permeability of the abdominal capillary of the rats reduced significantly (P＜0.01).The intervention of the aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction had almost no difference.③ After the intervention of the dexamethasone and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction,the weight of the auricals:the model control group was (1.94±0.55)mg,dexamethasone group was (1.18±0.40)mg,Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (1.04±0.41)mg,showing the degree of the swelling of auricals decreased obviously (P＜0.01).The intervention of the dexamethasone and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction had almost no difference.Conclusion Shufeng Jiebiao Decoction had anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.

BACKGROUND:No studies currently focus on the measurement of daily water loss under certain physical activity level continuously and precisely.
OBJECTIVE:To provide evidence for daily water requirement in Chinese young men based on the measurement of the daily water loss in Chinese young men under moderate physical activity.
METHODS:Twenty male subjects were enroled, and 23-hour whole-body sweat loss and urine output were measured using high-precision body weighting scale in whole-room indirect calorimeter. The results were converted to daily (24-hour) water requirement to determine the daily water requirement. Daily whole-body sweat loss per unit body weight, daily whole-body sweat loss per unit fat free mass and daily whole-body sweat loss per unit surface area were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In Chinese young men, daily water loss was (3 339.7±509.9) g, daily urine output was (1 982.9±449.5) g and daily whole-body sweat loss was (1 356.7±215.6) g. There was a linear correlation between water intake and water loss (r=0.616,P < 0.05). Daily whole-body sweat loss per unit body weight was (21.0±3.6) g/kg, daily whole-body sweat loss per unit fat free mass was (25.8±3.9) g/kg and daily whole-body sweat loss per unit surface area was (799.4±129.4) g/m2. Daily water requirement of Chinese young men under moderate physical activity is approximately 3 340g, and moreover, water loss increases with the increase of water intake.

Locoweeds are presently defined as those species of the genera Oxytropis and Astragalus (family Leguminosae) that specifically contain the key toxic constituent,swainsonine.After ingesting locoweeds,livestock can develop poisoning disease characterized by chronic dysfunction of the nervous system,which causes severe economic losses to the pastoral areas.In addition,swainsonine has attracted a great attention from toxicology and medicine fields,due to its dual role of toxicity and pharmacological activity.This review not only summarizes the latest research progress of toxicity and its poisoning mechanism,pharmacological activity,source,and biosynthesis pathway of swainsonine,but also speculates the possible regulatory enzymes involved in the synthesis pathway.Moreover,the future research on swainsonine is also looked ahead,which provide references for the prevention and treatment of locoism.

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to accurately recognize the position and the figure of P wave in the ECGs easily influenced by the diversified interference,a P wave detection algorithm based on approximating functions in the optimum region is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm we use a conic to approach the P wave by means of the least square method in every region, which is shifted in local range. Then we find the optimum approach region of P wave by comparing the approximating error. Finally, we attain the characteristic points of P wave by using the approximating functions to approach P wave in the optimum region. The performance of the algorithm tested using the records of the MIT-BIH database is effective and accurate.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism of NOS1AP gene with sudden unexpected death (SUD) during daily activities. METHODS: The heart blood samples were collected from 60 SUD cases in normal daily activities as SUD group and the peripheral blood samples from 80 random unrelated cases as control group. The genome DNAs from all cases were isolated and the gene sequences were analyzed from specific primers of some SNP (rs10494366, rs10918859, rs12143842, rs12742393, rs3751284, and rs348624) of NOS1AP. The allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated and the difference in these SNP between SUD group and control group were analyzed. RESULTS: The allele frequency and genotype frequency of rs3751284 which located at the sixth exon domain had significant statistical differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The minor allele frequency of rs3751284 was 0.325 in SUD group and was 0.475 in control group. CONCLUSION rs3751284 might be a susceptibility locus for SUD.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics* ; Asian People/genetics* ; Death, Sudden ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVE: To understand the correlation of enterovirus 71 (EV71), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and scavenger receptor B2 (SCARB2) and to explore the possible pathway and mechanism of EV71 infection by observing the expression of EV71, PSGL-1 and SCARB2 in tissues of infants with brain stem encephalitis. METHODS: The organs and tissues of infants with EV71-VP1 positivity in their brain stems were chosen. Expression and distribution of EV71-VP1, PSGL-1, and SCARB2 were detected and compared by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Strong staining of EV71 -VP1 was observed in the neuron, glial cells, the inflammatory cells of perivascular cuffing, parietal cells of the gastric fundus gland while alveolar macrophages, intestinal gland epithelium cells, mucosa lymphoid nodule and lymphocyte of palatine tonsil showed moderate staining and weak staining were displayed in mesenteric lymph nodes and lymphocyte of spleen. PSGL-1 expression was detected in parietal cells of the gastric fundus gland, tonsillar crypt squamous epithelium, alveolar macrophages and leukocytes in each tissue. SCARB2 expression was observed in all the above tissues except the intestines and spleen. CONCLUSION The distribution of EV71 correlates with SCARB2 expression. SCARB2 plays an important role in virus infection and replication. Stomach may be an important site for EV71 replication.
Brain Stem/virology* ; Encephalitis, Viral/virology* ; Enterovirus A, Human/metabolism* ; Enterovirus Infections/virology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Leukocytes ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism* ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children.

METHODThe clinical data of patients seen from October, 2010 to March, 2014 in Department of Respiratory Diseases of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were over 4 weeks cough, receiving fiberoptic bronchoscopy, positive bacterial culture and (or) the increased percentage of neutral granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

RESULTTwenty eight patients were involved, 26 were male (93%) and two were female (7%). The median age of patients was 8.5 months. The median duration of cough was four weeks. The average length of hospital stay was (8.3 ± 3.9)days. The main clinical feature was wet cough in 28 cases, wet cough with wheezing was seen in 21 cases. The wet cough phase distribution was irregular in 21 cases. The crackles with wheeze (in 21 cases) was main signs of PBB. The percentage of CD3⁻ CD16⁺ 56⁺ cells increased in peripheral blood. The fiberoptic bronchoscopic manifestations of PBB were luminal mucosal edema. Eleven patients also had airway malacia. The neutrophil median in BALF was 0.2. The positive rate of bacterial culture of BALF was 36%. The main bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%) and Haemophilus influenzae (30%). The main treatment for PBB patients included amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium and second-generation cephalosporins. The average duration of treatment was (17.3 ± 3.2)days, the prognosis was good.

CONCLUSIONPBB is common in male infants. Persistent wet cough with wheezing was the main characteristic of PBB. PBB is commonly accompanied by immune dysfunction and airway malacia, and the pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Bronchitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Female ; Haemophilus influenzae ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETesticular mixed nonseminomatous germ cell cancer (TMNGCC) is rarely reported. This study aimed to explore the clinical symptoms, pathological characteristics and treatment methods of TMNGCC.

METHODSWe analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of TMNGCC, observed its pathological characteristics under the light microscope by histology, cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and immune marking, and investigated the clinical features of such tumors by reviewing the relevant literature.

RESULTSThe patient presented with a chief complaint of painless testicular swelling for 3 years. Histopathological examinations revealed a tumor of papillary, fissural or adenoid structure, with large polygonal or columnar cells with one or more irregular vesicular nuclei, the nuclear membrane clear, the cytoplasm eosinophilic or basophilic, and the interstitium infiltrated by a few lymphocytes. Here are the immunohistochemical results: CD117 -, CK8-18 + +, CD30 + +, CK + + +, vimentin -, PLAP +/-, P53 +, AFP + and EMA + +. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as teratogenic embryonic testicular cancer, and treated by radical surgery, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy according to the treatment of TMNGCC. One-year follow-up found the patient to be alive.

CONCLUSIONTMNGCC is a rare malignant tumor, mostly with unobvious clinical symptoms. Its diagnosis primarily depends on physical examination, ultrasonography, CT, and measurement of serum tumor markers; its confirmation necessitates pathological examination, and its first-choice treatment is surgical resection.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Seminoma ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) preconditioning and postconditioning on Ca(2+)-handling proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and reveal the effects and mechanism of 11, 12-EET on cardioprotection. METHODS The IR injury model was built by stopping perfusion for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. The isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were divided into 4 groups: control group, IR group, EET preconditioning (Pre-EET) group and EET postconditioning (Post-EET) group. The computer-based electrophysiological recorder system was used to measure the changes of the maximal rate of pressure increased in the contraction phase (+dp/dt(max)), the maximal rate of pressure decreased in the diastole phase (-dp/dt(max)), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the difference of left ventricular pressure (delta LVP). The activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum was measured with colorimetric method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the gene expression of C(a2+)-handling protein [sarcoplasic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR,), and 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 (IP3 R2) ] mRNAs level.

RESULTSCompared with IR group, the myocardial functions, the value of Ca(2+)-ATPase, and the expressions of IP3 R2 mRNA were significantly increased and the expression of PLB mRNA was significantly decreased in both Pre-EET group and Post-EET group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). And the expression of SERCA mRNA was significantly increased in Pre-EET group (P < 0. 05). However, no significant differences were detected between Pre-EET and Post-EET groups. Moreover, the expression of RyR2 mRNA was not significantly different among all groups.

CONCLUSIONS11, 12-EET preconditioning and post-conditioning can protect myocardium from IR injury by elevating the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum, up-regulating the expression of IP3 R2 mRNA, and down-regulating the expression of PLB mRNA. Moreover, up-regulating the expression of SERCA mRNA maybe one of mechanisms of 11, 12-EET preconditioning on cardio protection against IR injury.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify genetic variation of HIV-1 predominant subtype B and C strains in China during rapid horizontal transmission and to elucidate the potential relationship between genetic variation and selective pressure.

METHODSAfter the fragments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified by nested-PCR from the whole blood of 258 HIV-1 infected individuals, PCR products were directly sequenced using ABI 377 DNA sequencer. The sequences covering env V3-V4 region of 72 HIV-1 subtype B(n=37) and C(n=35) strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the ratios of synonymous (Ks) substitutions per nonsynonymous (Ka) substitutions were calculated using DIVERGE.

RESULTSThe genetic distances of the V3-V4 region of subtype B strains were higher than that of subtype C strains. Furthermore, sequence analysis revealed that the V4 region was more variable than the V3 region for both subtype B and C strains. What's more, the V3 loop was less variable compared with the V3 upstream region and C3 region for subtype C Ks/Ka ratios of the entire aligned sequence of the two subtypes were below 1 0, with the lowest values found in the V3 region of subtype B strain and the V4 region of subtype C strain.

CONCLUSIONSThe majority of variation in both subtypes B and C strains occurred in the V4 rather than the V3 region. It is important that our study found for the first time the V3 loop was more conservative than the V3 upstream region and C3 region for subtype C. Calculations of the Ks/Ka ratios throughout the V3-V4 region demonstrate that significant selective pressures experienced during the rapid horizontal spread of the virus in the Chinese HIV-1 infected population may have directed change in the V3 loop for the subtype B strain and the V4 loop for the subtype C strain. These results will contribute to the policy of AIDS prevention and control and the ongoing development vaccine.

Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; epidemiology ; Gene Products, env ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, Protein