Objective To evaluate the applicability of the simplified equation of MDRD to predict glomerular filtration rate(GFR)from serum creatinine in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),and refit the MDRD equation parameter estimates with Chinese patients data.Methods A total of 760 hospitalized CKD patients were investigated from 2002 to 2005.Patients'sex,age,height and body weight were recorded;plasma creatinine and ~ 99m Tc-GFR(standardized by body surface area)were measured in all patients;GFR was estimated with simplified equation of MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault;the accurancy of estimated GFR with MDRD and CG were compared with~ 99m Tc-GFR in different stage of CKD.Totally 670 patients were randomly selected as the training sample,the remaining 90 patients constituted the validation sample.We used stepwise multiple regression to refit the equation of MDRD and the regression models were developed by using the training sample.The refitting equation was then tested and compared with the other equation in the validation sample.Results (1)Both the MDRD and CG-GFR prediction equations seemd to systematically underestimate GFR,but the accurancy of MDRD equation was better than CG-GFR in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ of CKD.(2)The bias of estimated GFR(MDRD or CG-GFR equation)with ~ 99m Tc-GFR was lower in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ than in stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD.(3)Refitting of the MDRD equation parameter estimates to Chinese patients data set resulted in the following prediction equations:GFR=234.96?(Scr)~ -0.926 ?(Age)~ -0.280 ?0.828(Female).(4)Comparing with~ 99m Tc-GFR,the bias of estimated GFR calculated by the refitting MDRD equation was lower than that of estimated with MDRD or CG especially in the stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD in Chinese patients.Conclusion the simplified equation of MDRD can estimate GRF accurately,but the equation must be refitted in Chinese patients.

This paper introduces the principium of data exchange between different information systems by COM technology, and the one between HIS and RIS is taken as an example.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the lipid accumulation product index (LAP) and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in different gender groups.Methods:The data of 2 740 employees of Dalian municipal government and institutions, including 1 583 males and 1 157 females, who had underwent physical examination in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University from January to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The general data, laboratory indexes and carotid ultrasound data of the population were collected, and the body mass index (BMI) and LAP value were calculated. According to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), the subjects were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group (IMT ≥ 1.0 mm) and carotid normal group (IMT<1.0 mm). The clinical indicators between the two groups were compared. Independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed by binary Logistic regression, and the cutoff point for predicting carotid atherosclerosis by LAP was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The age, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), LAP, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systemic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the male and female population carotid atherosclerosis groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P<0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting age, BMI, HC, WC, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, TC and LDL-C, the risk of carotid arteriosclerosis still increased 1.316 times with each quartile interval of LAP in women ( OR= 1.316, 95% CI 1.063 to 1.629, P = 0.012). In men, after adjusting for these factors, the independent effect of LAP on the risk of carotid atherosclerosis disappeared. In women, the area under curve (AUC) of LAP in predicting carotid atherosclerosis was 0.713, significantly higher than that of BMI (AUC 0.614) and WC (AUC 0.654), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). But there was no significant difference among the three indexes in the male population in predicting carotid atherosclerosis. According to ROC curve, the best cut-off value of LAP for predicting carotid atherosclerosis was 32.13 cm·mmol/L in men and 33.70 cm·mmol/L in women. Conclusions:LAP is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in female population, and its predictive ability for carotid atherosclerosis is higher than that of body mass index and waist circumference. LAP ≥ 33.70 cm·mmol/L can be used as the best cut-off value for screening carotid atherosclerosis in female population.

Objective To implore the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in human prostate cancer stem progenitor (S/P) cells isolated from LNCaP cell lines.Methods The S/P cells were obtained through florescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the S/P cells' EMT markers expression,such as E Cadherin,N Cadherin,Vimentin and Snail.Soft agar assay was used to detect the tumorigenesis ability of S/P cells.Cell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of S/P cells.Results Compared with non S/P cells,the expressions of EMT markers,such as N Cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,were increased in S/P cells,while the expressions of epithelial marker and E Cadherin were decreased in S/P cells.After cultured for three weeks,S/P cells and non S/P cells both clonally grew.The colony numbers were (18.34±1.21) and (82.27±7.54),respectively (t =8.617,P =0.001).After cultured for 48 hours,the migration cells number was (25.33±5.13) in non S/P cells and (74.33±7.64) in S/P cells (t =7.953,P =O.001).Conclusions Human prostate cancer S/P cells isolated from LNCaP cell line have some characteristics of EMT,such as stronger tumorigenesis and migration ability,which could promote tumor invasion and metastasis.

AIM: To study the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves with HPD-600 macroreticular resin. METHODS: Using orthogonal experiments,the adsorptive characteristics and elutive parameters of the process were studied by taking the elutive effects and purification ratio of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves. RESULTS: Two significant factors which were the concentration of crude flavonoids solvent and elutant component were observed. CONCLUSION: The microwave-assisted extraction and purification process with macroreticular resin is employed,the content of total flavonoids is 80.75%, the rutin content is (1.38)%, The macroreticular resin can be used in the purification of flavonoids of Crataegus leaves.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the morphology of the vital organs(the brain,kidney and heart) in acute hypertension rats.MethodsThe model was established by L-NG-nitro arginine(L-NNA),which can inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide(NO).Affected animals were administrated with high,medium or low dose of JNQ while nifedipine was used as the positive control.Effects on cardiac function and morphology of the vital organs were investigated.Results2 weeks after the establishment of the model,the affected rats had a 36% higher blood pressure compared with the control group.The acute hypertension rats showed significant pathologic changed in the brain,kidney and heart,while there was no obvious difference in the heart rate,electrocardiaogram,and blood pressure between the administrated groups.After treatment with JNQ,the contraction force and the oxygen extraction of the myocardiocytes were significantly reduced and the increasing velocity of the left ventricular pressure was decreased.The brain,kidney and heart showed improvement in pathology analysis to different levels.ConclusionAlthough it has no obvious effects on the heart rate and blood pressure in acute hypertension rats,JNQ can decrease the oxygen extraction in myocardiocytes and can obviously alleviate brains,kidneys and hearts pathologic changes.

Objective To evaluate the MUC1 promoter's role in driving gene expression in pancreatic cancer and its therapeutic significance.Methods Two plasmids were made.The plasmid pEGFP-MUC1N1 contained MUC1 promoter fragment connected to the pEGFP-N1 vector with the EGFG reporter gene.The pShuttle-MUC1-EGFP plasmid contained MUC1 promoter fragment and EGFP reporter gene connected to pShuttle plasmid.Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect the two plasmids into cells of MUC1-positive human pancreatic cell line Panc-1 and MUC1-negative human cervical carcinoma Hela.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry compared the specificity and activity of the MUC1 promoter and CMV promoter.Results Reporter gene EGFP-positive cells 48 hours after transfection with pEGFP-MUC1-N1 and pShuttleMUC1-EGFP plasmid were 69.6％ and 63.6％ respectively,in Panc-1 cells,and 4.2％ and 3.7％ respectively,in Hela cells.Conclusions MUC1 promoter can drive reporter gene activity in MUC1-positive tumor cells targeting functional expression.There is potentially a use of targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer at the genetic level.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of transcatheter Amplatzer device closure on patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),and to give some evidences for the clinical application.MethodsAll studies in the world regard to the controlled trials(CT) about transcatheter Amplatzer device closure and cardiac surgery on PDA were searched and made synthetic evaluation by means of Meta-analysis.RevMan 4.2.2 software was used for statistical analysis.Cases relative risk(RR)and its 95% confidence interval(CI)of procedure failure,the incidence of complication and residual shunt were calculated.ResultsTotally 5 studies including 349 cases were analyzed.Operation failure of Amplatzer device occlusion was higher than cardiac surgery [5 CT,349 cases,3.0% vs 0,RR=4.29,95%CI(0.77,23.95)](P=0.10).Incidence of complication of Amplatzer device occlusion was lower than cardiac surgery[5 CT,343 cases,3.1% vs 38.0%,RR=0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.23)](P

Background Research demonstrated that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid GluR2 (AMPA-GluR2) is associated with amblyopia.It has been shown that levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline can improve visual function of amblyopic children,but the mechanism is unclear.Objective This study was to explore the possible effects of levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline on amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation (MD) animal models were created in 60 2-week-old SD rats by monolateral eyelid suturing and observed for 31 days and reared in natural light together with 15 other matched normal healthy SD rats.The models were randomly divided into the MD group,levodopa group,cytidine diphosphate choline group and normal saline control group,with 15 rats for each group.40 mg/kg of levodopa,80 mg/kg of cytidine diphosphate choline,I ml normal saline were given to the rats,respectively,for 28 consecutive days.Expressions of the AMPA-CluR2 protein and AMPA-CluR2 mRNA in the rat visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein (AMPA-GluR2/β-actin) and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were significantly lower in the MD group than those of the normal control group (protein:0.32 ± 0.02 vs.0.64 ± 0.05,t =13.287,P＜0.05 ;mRNA:0.30±0.01 vs.0.84±0.03,t=38.184,P＜0.05).Those in the levodopa group were significantly increased in comparison with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.59 ±0.04 vs.0.33 ±0.03,t =11.628,P＜0.05 ; mRNA:0.71±0.06 vs.0.33 ±0.02,t =13.435,P＜0.05).The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA were significantly increased in the cytidine diphosphate choline group compared with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.52 ± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.03,t =8.497,P ＜ 0.05 ; mRNA:0.48± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.02,t =7.500,P＜0.05).Conclusions AMPA-GluR2 is associated with the plasticity of visual development.Levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline may improve visual function by down-regulating the expression of AMPA-GluR2 in the visual cortex.

Objective To elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients and provide the evidence for treatment of these patients. Methods Clinical data of 358 inpatients with CKD from stage 1 to stage 5 were analyzed retrospectively. Level of 25 (OH)D3 in these inpatients, as well as the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), alhumin (Alb), serum calcium (Ca) and blood serum (P) were examined. Correlation between 25 (OH)D3 and parameters was analyzed. Results The mean level of 25 (OH)D3 in these CKD patients was (18.58±11.7) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of normal reference (P<0.01). The 25(OH )D3 levels of CKD patients from stage 1 to stage 5 were (25.84±9.71) μg/L, (20.76±6.99) μg/L, (20.40±17.02) μg/L, (19.49±11.29) μg/L, and (14.16±7.98) μg/L respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D defieiency was 39.66%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 5.00%, 17.50%, 37.21%, 42.37% and 57.14%. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 44.97%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 72,50%, 47.50%, 45.35%, 33.90% and 40.60%. The prevalence of decreased vitamin D level was 84.63%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 77.50%, 65.00%, 82.56%, 76.27% and 97.74%. Single factor correlation analysis showed 25 (OH)D3 was correlated with Hb, Alb, Scr, eGRF and iPTH. Regression analysis indicated that 25 (OH)D3 was negatively correlated with iPTH and Scr, and positively correlated with Alb. According to K/DOQI, percentage of CKD patients from stage 3 to stage 5 who were consistent with vitamin D treatment was 87.20%, 83.05% and 26.31% based on 25 (OH)3 and iPTH levels, but such percentage was 16.28%, 35.59% and 26.31% based on iPTH level only. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with CKD is quite high. Alia, iPTH and Scr are key factors influencing vitamin D level. Vitamin D level should be measured among CKD patients in order to carry out corresponding treatment.