ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Jingangwan on the expression of osteoclast， c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK）， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p38 MAPK）， and interleukin-1（IL-1） in the osteoporosis model rats， explore the mechanism of Jingangwan in the treatment of osteoporosis， and determine the optimal dosing concentration of Jingangwan. MethodFifty-six rats of SPF grade were randomized into a blank group，a sham operation group，a model group， model group，high-， medium-， and low-dose Jingangwan groups （0.72， 0.36， 0.18 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig），and an estradiol valerate group （0.009 g·kg^-1·d^-1， ig）， with eight rats in each group. The rats in the model group， the blank group， and the sham operation group received 3 mL of normal saline， respectively. Samples were collected 12 weeks after drug administration. The number of osteoclasts was observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining. Serum levels of JNK， p38 MAPK， and IL-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe TRAP staining results showed that compared with the model group， the estradiol valerate group and the Jingangwan groups could inhibit the formation of osteoclasts to different degrees. As revealed by ELISA results， compared with the model group and the sham operation group， the model group showed increased serum levels of p38 MAPK， JNK， and IL-1 （P<0.01）， while compared with the model group， all the groups with drug intervention showed decreased levels of p38 MAPK， JNK， and IL-1 （P<0.01）. The serum levels of JNK and IL-1 in the high-dose Jingangwan group were lower than those in the estradiol valerate group （P<0.05）. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased relative mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and JNK in the thighbone （P<0.01）， while compared with the model group， all the groups with drug intervention showed decreased relative mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and JNK in the thighbone （P<0.01）. ConclusionJingangwan can inhibit the formation of osteoblasts，reduce the diameter of the bone marrow cavity，improve bone quality，suppress the production of inflammatory factors，affect the metabolism of the MAPK signaling pathway，and blunt p38 MAPK and JNK activities to inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and regulate bone metabolism， thereby preventing osteoporosis. Therefore，Jingangwan may be of application value in maintaining bone health and treating osteoporosis.

The sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), which functions in maintaining the ratio of Na+ and H+ ions, is widely distributed in cell plasma membranes. It plays a prominent role in pH balancing, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. However, its exact subcellular location and biological functions in Toxoplasma gondii are largely unclear. In this study, we cloned the C-terminal sequence of T. gondii NHE1 (TgNHE1) incorporating the C-terminal peptide of NHE1 (C-NHE1) into the pGEX4T-1 expression plasmid. The peptide sequence was predicted to have good antigenicity based on the information obtained from an immune epitope database. After induction of heterologous gene expression with isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside, the recombinant C-NHE1 protein successfully expressed in a soluble form was purified by glutathione sepharose beads as an immunogen for production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. The specificity of this antiserum was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The antiserum could reduce T. gondii invasion into host cells, indicated by the decreased TgNHE1 expression in T. gondii parasites that were pre-incubated with antiserum in the process of cell entry. Furthermore, the antiserum reduced the virulence of T. gondii parasites to host cells in vitro, possibly by blocking the release of Ca2+. In this regard, this antiserum has potential to be a valuable tool for further studies of TgNHE1.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Immune Sera/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Sheep ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasma/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasmosis/parasitology/prevention & control

Objective:To construct a real-time artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscepic diagnosis system based on YOLO v3 algorithm, and to evaluate its ability of detecting focal gastric lesions in gastroscopy.Methods:A total of 5 488 white light gastroscopic images (2 733 images with gastric focal lesions and 2 755 images without gastric focal lesions) from June to November 2019 and videos of 92 cases (288 168 clear stomach frames) from May to June 2020 at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected for AI System test. A total of 3 997 prospective consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 6, 2020 to November 27, 2020 and May 6, 2021 to August 2, 2021 were enrolled to assess the clinical applicability of AI System. When AI System recognized an abnormal lesion, it marked the lesion with a blue box as a warning. The ability to identify focal gastric lesions and the frequency and causes of false positives and false negatives of AI System were statistically analyzed.Results:In the image test set, the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI System were 92.3% (5 064/5 488), 95.0% (2 597/2 733), 89.5% (2 467/ 2 755), 90.0% (2 597/2 885) and 94.8% (2 467/2 603), respectively. In the video test set, the accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of AI System were 95.4% (274 792/288 168), 95.2% (109 727/115 287), 95.5% (165 065/172 881), 93.4% (109 727/117 543) and 96.7% (165 065/170 625), respectively. In clinical application, the detection rate of local gastric lesions by AI System was 93.0% (6 830/7 344). A total of 514 focal gastric lesions were missed by AI System. The main reasons were punctate erosions (48.8%, 251/514), diminutive xanthomas (22.8%, 117/514) and diminutive polyps (21.4%, 110/514). The mean number of false positives per gastroscopy was 2 (1, 4), most of which were due to normal mucosa folds (50.2%, 5 635/11 225), bubbles and mucus (35.0%, 3 928/11 225), and liquid deposited in the fundus (9.1%, 1 021/11 225).Conclusion:The application of AI System can increase the detection rate of focal gastric lesions.

Objective:To analyze the general situation and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） in Anhui province, and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method:The 144 cases of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province were collected from designated hospitals by means of multi-center cross-sectional epidemiological survey. The TCM syndrome information collection table of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia was created to collect the general data, etiology and pathogenesis, pulse and signs, syndrome type and frequency statistics of the patients, and then summarize and analyze the main symptoms and syndrome distribution characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Result:The mean age of 144 patients with COVID-19 infection was （43.54±15.91） years old, and the number of males was larger than the number of females (9/7). The age distribution and gender difference of the patients were statistically significant (P<0.05). 36.11%（52/144） of the patients had a history of travel/residence in Wuhan/Hubei province, and 63.89% (92/144) of the patients had a history of close contact with the confirmed patients. The main clinical manifestations included fever, cough, diarrhea, fatigue and poor tolerance. Light red tongue and red tongue were dominant in tongue quality, with mainly greasy coating, slippery pulse, rapid pulse and soft pulse were the main types of pulse. The main types of syndrome differentiation were the common type (76.38%, 110/144), most of which were demonstrated as dampness obstructing the lung and spleen (56.25%, 81/144). There was no significant difference in gender composition and age distribution between two groups. Conclusion:The pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province is closely related to the lung and spleen, and the dampness caused by pathogen of the epidemic virus is the main pathological factor of disease, which is in line with characteristics of dampness epidemic in TCM, also can see concurrently "heat, poison, stasis" for a characteristic.