Through the research and practice of computer basic course at medical colleges, the paper summarizes the experience of using modern technical means, to reform the traditional teaching ideas, teaching methods, teaching means and teaching management, to diversify teaching resources sharing. It also analyzes the shortcomings and makes recommendations to further strengthen the course development.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic value of endoscopic implantation of metal stents for obstruction caused by left-sided malignant colorectal tumor.Methods Data of 29 patients with left-sided malignant colonic obstruction who underwent stenting from May 2007 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Self-expanding metal stents were successfully implanted in 27 patients.Symptoms of abdominal distention and vomiting subsided in these patients.The procedure failed in 2 patients (2/29,6.9％ ),because the guidewire failed to pass the colonic stricture due to edema and the length of the diseased colon.Technical success was achieved in 27 of total 29 patients (27/29,92.6％ ).Out of the 27 patients,stage Ⅰ primary left-sided colonic resection and anastomosis were successfully performed in 24 patients.Colonic perforation was found intraoperatively in 1 patient ( 1/27,3.7％ ) who subsequently recovered after operation.There was no death during the perioperative period with the average hospital stay of 11.7 days.A mean colonic stent patency for 5 months was observed in 3 patients who underwent palliative stenting only.Conclusion Endoscopic implantation of metal stents is effective for left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction.As a bridge to surgery,it facilitates sufficient bowel preparation for elective radical operation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dose and effect of thioacetamide (TAA) on rat model of intestinal endotoxemia. Methods The models of intestinal endotoxemia were induced by three different doses of TAA by gavage administration of TAA 200, 400, 600mg/kg respectively once per day for two days.The doses were given at same time point every day. Each group included 10 rats. The rats in the control group were administrated with 2 mL 0.9% NaCl saline gavage. The death of the rats was observed at 24 hours and 48 hours after administration. The blood samples of the living rats were drawn from abdominal aorta for determining the plasma endotoxin levels, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartated transaminase (AST) levels. The histopathological changes of liver were examined. Single factor analysis of variance was performed and comparision between groups was done using t test. Results No rat in the control group died. Two rats of 200 mg/kg TAA group, five rats of 400 mg/kg TAA group and eight rats of 600 mg/kg TAA group died during the experiment. The mean serum ALT levels of TAA model groups [(305.09±116.78)U/L,(901.67±274.31)U/L,(1454.84±473.49)U/L] were all significantly higher than that of the control group(47.81±22.61)U/L(t=14.583, 25.896 and 20.596, respectively; all P＜0.05). The mean serum AST levels of TAA model groups [(465.88±139.96)U/L, (884.37±250.90)U/L,(1889.23±159.67)U/L] were all significantly higher than that of the control group (69.33±22.04)U/L(t=12.988,18. 455 and 13.542, respectively; all P＜0.05). The mean plasma endotoxin levels of TAA model groups [(0.436±0.110)EU/mL, (0.550±0.095) EU/mL, (0.620±0.057)EU/mL] were all significantly higher than that of the control group (0.103±0.056)EU/mL(t=7.335, 5.260 and 8.191, respectively; all P＜0.05). The histological results of TAA model groups showed hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis in different degrees. Conclusions TAA with 200-600mg/kg is proper to establish the rat model of intestinal endotoxemia. The death rate of rats in the 200mg/kg TAA group is lower than those of other model groups, which suggests that 200mg/kg TAA may be the best dosage for establishing rat model for further studies.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of bone SPECT and CT fusion imaging in bone metastases from pediatric neuroblastoma.MethodsTwenty-four pediatric patients with neuroblastoma were included in this retrospective study.All patients underwent planar imaging and SPECT integrated with CT.Lesion visibility,diagnostic certainty and diagnostic performance were evaluated with KolmogorovSmirnov test andx2 test.ResultsLesion visibility of SPECT alone,SPECT integrated with CT were significantly better than that of planar imaging ( both H =69.000,P ＜ 0.05 ).SPECT and CT fusion imaging,SPECT alone both detected five more bone lesions than planar bone imaging (77 vs 72).The diagnostic accuracy of SPECT imaging (62.34％,48/77 )was significantly higher than that of planar imaging (45.45％,35/77; x2 =4.416,P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of SPECT and CT fusion imaging for diagnosing malignant bone lesions were significantly higher than those of planar imaging:82.35％ (42/51) vs 53.19％ ( 25/47),88.46％ ( 23/26 ) vs 40.00％ ( 10/25 ),84.42％ ( 65/77 ) vs 45.45％ (35/77 ; x2 =12.571,14.016,25.667,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The diagnostic specificity and accuracy of SPECT and CT fusion imaging were significantly higher than those of SPECT alone ( 53.85％,14/26 ;62.34％,48/77) (x2 =7.589,9.606,both P ＜0.01 ).However,there was no significant difference of sensitivity between the two methods (x2 =2.942,P ＞ 0.05 ).Diagnostic certainty by SPECT and CT fusion imaging was significantly higher than that by SPECT alone ( H =28.000,P ＜ 0.05 ) and by planar imaging (H =21.000,P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionSPECT and CT fusion imaging can detect more bone lesions in patients with pediatric neuroblastoma.It is helpful for diagnosing bone metastases from pediatric neuroblastoma.

AIM: To investigate the protective effects of ulinastatin on the rats with paraquat-induced acute lung injury and its mechanisms .METHODS:The Wistar rats ( n=108 ) were randomly divided into control group , pa-raquat group and ulinastatin group .The rats in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were given paraquat by gavage , while the rats in control group were given sterile saline by gavage .The rats in ulinastatin group were also given ulinastatin treat-ment.The serum levels of MDA, SOD, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-αwere measured after 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d. The expression levels of p 38 MAPK, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the lung were also measured .RESULTS:The levels of SOD in 1 d, 3 d and 7 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were significantly lower than those in control group ( P<0.01).The level of SOD in ulinastatin group was significantly higher than that in paraquat group (P<0.05).The levels of MDA, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-αin 1 d, 3 d and 7 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group increased compared with con-trol group (P<0.01), and those in ulinastatin group were significantly lower than those in paraquat group (P<0.05). The levels of p38 MAPK and TIMP-1 in 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01), and those in ulinastatin group was significantly lower than those in paraquat group ( P<0.05) .The level of MMP-2 in 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d in paraquat group and ulinastatin group increased compared with control group (P<0.01), and that in ulinastatin group was significantly lower than that in paraquat group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ulinastatin protects the lung tissues of rats from paraquat-induced acute lung injury by in-hibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative responses .

Clinical tutor system is a unique exploration and practice with characteristics of our school,which has been carried out in the process of clinical course learning and clinical practice among eight-year-program clinical majors.Through analyzing and summarizing the implementation among 2005 and 2006 grade students,we found that the clinical tutor played an active role in cultivating students' clinical thoughts and personal ethics and in improving clinical ability and scientific ability.However,some problem were existed in tutors themselves-specialized major,busy,unclear cultivation objective,etc.Therefore,further improvement of the system was needed in order to better meet the needs of the eight-year-program medical talent training and to provide related references.

BACKGROUND:Stem cels are induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cels that can be used for the treatment of diabetic lower extremity vascular disease. However, it is unclear whether these endothelial-like cels can completely replace endothelial cels to improve vascular disease and what are the differences between endothelial-like cels and endothelial cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the differences and similarities between endothelial-like cels and human umbilical vein endothelial cels in the aspects of morphology, function, and viability. METHODS:Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels and umbilical vein endothelial cels were isolated, cultured and identified using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical method. Isolated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were induced in DMEM-LG/F12 containing 10 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor, 10 μg/L basic
fibroblast growth factor and 2% fetal bovine serum to differentiate into endothelial-like cels folowed by immunohistochemical identification. To compare endothelial-like cels with human umbilical vein endothelial cels, cel migration detection, active substance measurement and three-dimensional angiogenesis test were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Isolated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels strongly expressed the surface markers of mesenchymal stem cels, and human umbilical vein endothelial cels strongly expressed CD31 and VWF. After induction, the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were identified to highly express CD31 and VWF. Through cel migration, active substance and three-dimensional angiogenesis tests, endothelial-like cels were similar to endothelial cels in the function and activity, and superior to endothelial cels. Cite this article:Hao XJ, Hao HY, Zhu MJ, Yuan Z, Li WW, Chen J, Zhu LY. Endothelial-like cels versus human umbilical vein endothelial cels. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):83-88.

Combining with advances in optogenetics and feedback control of physiological function, we have utilized self-made PPDP (preview, presentation, demonstration, promotion) teaching method to clarify how various physiological functions are regulated by the nervous system and carried out physiological innovation experiment activities. The innovative experiments aim to cultivate students' self-study capability, broaden their vision, enhance their interest in physiology, and finally promote the effect of physiological theory teaching. We herein summarize our practice of closed-loop control of innovative experimental teaching in optogenetics from the following four facets: education concept, students and teacher resources, teaching design, and teaching experience. This summary is trying to explore new experiences of promoting students' participation in teaching activities and improving the teaching quality of physiology.

BACKGROUND: Models concerning tumor external environment mainly concentrated on laboratory two-dimensional culture and in vitro animal experiment, which lack of three-dimensional stereo.OBJECTIVE: To establish in vitro bone metastasis stereo models of human prostate carcinoma, and to investigate the effect of stem cells on proliferation rate and clustering size of prostate carcinoma cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were extracted from 2 clean grade SD rats. Alginate was used to simulate medullary microenvironment, where prostate carcinoma cells and BMMSCs were co-culturedd. Growth of the cells in the three-dimensional model was observed through microscope and histological sections. The carcinoma cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein. The proliferation of monoclonal cells clustering was observed under light microscope and fluorescence microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the co-culture group, the clustering speed, clustering amount and tumor formation rate were greater that those of the control group. The monoclonal cells clustering was formed at 7.75 days and 6.00 days in the control and co-culture groups, respectively, with cell counts of (95.13±11.63) and (112.53±14.67) after 10 days. The formation rate of fluorescent cell clones was (77.10±6.85)% in the control group and (64.55±6.21)% in the co-culture group, the difference had significance. The results suggested that: the alginate microenvironment is conductive to proliferation and clustering of prostate carcinoma cells and BMMSCs.

Objective: To study relative risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A total of 238 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled in the study. According to urine microalbuminuria to urine creatinine ratio (UACR), patients were divided into pure DM group (group DM1, n=90), early diabetic nephropathy group (group DM2 , n=73) and clinical diabetic nephropathy group (group DM3 ,n=75). Clinic data of all patients were collected; Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPB), blood lipids, uric acid (UA), fibrinogen (Fg) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured in all patients, and their correlations with DN were analyzed. Results: Compared with group DM1, the course of disease in DM [(7.25±6.29) years vs. (10.25±7.67) years vs. (13.53±7.82) years], levels of FBG [(8.46±2.52) mmol/L vs. (9.52±3.38) mmol/L vs. (10.82±3.30) mmol/L], 2hPB [(18.40±5.64) mmol/L vs. (20.27±5.94) mmol/L vs. (22.59±6.14) mmol/L], HbA1c [(7.96±1.65) % vs. (8.60±1.76) % vs. (9.55±2.09) %], triglyceride [TG, (1.72±0.86) mmol/L vs. (2.34±1.87) mmol/L vs. (3.16±1.85) mmol/L], Fg [(3.49±0.93) g/L vs. (3.88±1.21) g/L vs. (4.99±2.10) g/L] and UA [(295.42±52.34) μmol/L vs. (324.18±96.29) μmol/L vs. (351.23±56.88) μmol/L] significantly increased in group DM2 and group DM3 in order (P<0.01~0.001). Logistic gradual regression analysis indicated that course of DM, HbA1c, TG, Fg and UA were risk factors for DN (OR=1.008~1.910, P<0.01~0.001). Conclusion: The course of DM, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid and fibrinogen are risk factors of diabetic nephropathy; increased UACR reflects progress of patient’ condition in DM patients, its detection is used for diabetic prognosis and treatment.