Humans ; Skull Base ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

The purpose of this work was to reestablish the respiratory abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord through reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle by partial phrenic fibres.In fifteen adult cats the adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of the right side was cut and its distal end ligated, while its proximal end was implanted into the PCA muscle belly.The whole RLN was then transected in the tracheo-esophageal groove and its distal stump anastomosed to the upper branch of the phrenic nerve.Direct laryngoscopy showed that the inspiratory abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord recovered within 40 d in all cats.80 d later, a larger abducent motion of the glottis was observed on the reinnervated side.Abduction was caused by reinnervation of the PCA muscle from phrenic motoneurons, as demonstrated by laryngeal electromyography and histological testings.The function of the diaphragm was preserved as revealed by monitoring of the intrathoracic pressure.

Recently imageless navigation systems have been developed rapidly, and have become major navigation system in clinic. It comprises computer workstation, infrared optical localizing system, foot control pedal and navigation software. Currently, imageless navigation systems have been used successfully in total knee arthroplasty, uni-compartment arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, hip surfacing arthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and peri-articular osteotomy of knee, etc. The first OrthoPilot imageless navigation system was used by Saragaglia et al in total knee arthroplasty in January 1997, and many clinical studies have been conducted. The clinical results show that this kind of systems greatly improves operative accuracy, and reduce cases beyond ideal range. It shows accuracy as CT-based navigation systems, and they can be commonly used as standard navigation systems in clinic.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of interferon -1 b (Yundesu)in the treatment of verru-ca planae.Methods 1 1 0 patients with verruca pianae were randomly divided into observation group and control group,55 cases in each group.The observation group was given Yundesu injection 30 g once every day in first week, and once every other day in another three weeks.The control group was given orally mannatide 1 0ml two times every day.The leision changes of the two groups were observed after 4 weeks therapy.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.7%(51 /55),which of the control group was 72.78%(40 /55),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 =7.70,P <0.01 ).No adverse reactions in the two groups were observed.Conclusion The clinical effect of Yundesu is more prominently beneficial to patients with verruca planae.

Hearing ; Humans ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; surgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods

Cochlear Implants ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Anode is an important part of microbial fuel cell, its performance significantly affects the electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Nanomaterials have excellent properties, such as good conductivity and large surface area. Therefore, nanomaterials modified anode can effectively reduce the electrode resistance, increase the amount of microbial adhesion and improve the electricity generation of MFCs. In this paper, we introduced various nanomaterials modified anodes and summarized their effects on the output performance of MFCs. Finally, the prospect of modifying nanomaterials and technologies were discussed.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Nanostructures

Objective:To study the influence of dietary restriction on the expression of insulin signaling pathway genes in mouse adipose tissue. Method:Twenty four C57BL/6 male mice of 2 w age were subjected to either AL (ad libitum) or DR (dietary restriction, 40% from AL) randomly until sacrificed.Then the epididymis fat pads were weighed, and their insulin signaling gene expression was detected by Oligo Insulin Signaling Pathway Microarray (SuperArray), and two of the differentially expressed genes, NPY and AKT3 were validated by Real Time PCR. Results:Dietary restriction significantly reduced the weight of epididymis fat pads and 31 (20 up, 11 down regulation) of 96 insulin signaling pathway genes were differentially expressed. The results of Microarray coincided with that of Real Time PCR. Conclusion:The differential regulation on the expressions of insulin signaling pathway gene may be the important molecular basis of dietary restriction.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical utilization and the tendency of antidepressant drugs in Beijing area.METHODS:Using the analytical method of the defined daily dose(DDD)recommended by WHO,the application of antidepressant drugs in Beijing from 2005 to 2007 was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The consumptive sum and DDDs of antidepressants increased significantly year by year,with SSRIs representing more than 88% of all the antidepressant drugs in terms of the consumptive sum,leading the first 3 places in terms of consumption sum and DDDs were fluoxetine,paroxetine and citalopram.The market share of traditional tricyclics and tetracyclines showed a slight reduction,but there were still a stable population of these drugs.CONCLUSION:SSRIs such as fluoxetine have been dominated the antidepressants market in Beijing area.

BACKGROUND: Burns or traumatic scare can sometimes result in contractures especially when occurring in African blacks. The fat-free skin graft has been applied frequently to treat them and in some cases, it has failed to take.Preserved subcutaneous vascular network (PSVN) skin transplantation were successfully uses in Asian areas.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and superiority of preserved subcutaneous vascular network (PSVN) skin transplantation in African black people.DESIGN: A prospective clinical study.SETTING: Maradi Province Hospital of Niger.PARTICIPANTS: From November 1998 to April 2001, 49 free skin grafts with PSVN in 24 patients aged from 9 months to 20 years were performed by a single surgeon (WH) as a member of a Chinese Medical Team in Maradi Province Hospital of Niger. The newly burnt patients and those with other traumatic skin defects were excluded. All the enrolled patients were informed with the intervention and agreed to be operated.METHODS: The current approach of preserved subcutaneous vascular network (PSVN) was based on the original technique described by Tsukada. Bloc excision including a relatively massive amount of fat tissue was performed from the contralateral inferior quadrant of the abdomen. The fat layer was carefully trimmed away with a pair of scissors, exposing the vascular network plane, which should be well protected from injury, leaving a slight layer of about 2 mm of attached fat. Once this was done, the graft was placed on the recipient sites. Four corner sutures were placed to hold the graft in the proper orientation, following by sutures placed around the periphery. Occasionally, central sutures might be indicated to ensure adherence of the graft over a concave portion of wound, but this need not be done routinely. A pressure dressing pack was then applied on the PSVN skin graft for about 7 to 10 days. Sutures were moved after about 10 to 14 days. Post-operative care was as usual. Fo,owing-up was performed ordinarily.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and functional recovery of the skin grafts postoperatively.RESULTS: All the 24 patients were included in this clinical study and analysis. The 49 free skin grafts with PSVN healed without difficulty or complication in 24 patients, with some cases of tiny, superficial blisters and spot necrosis, the surface area of the largest graft measured 15 cm×6 cm, 91.6 % of the grafts were successful. The resulting surface had good appearance texture without secondary contracture and satisfactory function when observed over an average follow-up of 6 months (3 to 18 months).CONCLUSION: The technique of preserved subcutaneous vascular network (PSVN) skin transplantation could be used with satisfactory results in African black people.