CdSe/ZnSquantumdots(QDs)werepreparedandcovalentlylinkedtoanti-katacalcinmonoclonal antibodies. After modification, the QDs' maximum emission wavelength was shifted to 625 nm from 620 nm while maintaining the spectral properties. Then the QDs labeled lateral flow strip and corresponding fluorescence measuring instrument were designed and fabricated. To reduce the cost of strip by reducing the amounts of monoclonal antibodies, appropriate amounts of QDs labeled monoclonal antibodies were sprayed on the conjugation pad, with just one test line on the strip but without the control line. Parameters of the strip were optimized by measuring the signal to noise ratio. By using the strip and fluorescence measuring instrument, procalcitonin (PCT) could be detected in 20 min, and the quantitative detection range was 0. 2-100 μg/L with sensitivity of 0. 1 μg/L. A total of 22 blood samples were measured by both our method and the commercial instrument used in the hoptital. The results were consistent for their Pearson correlation coefficient (0. 9995) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Sig=1. 0). The rapid quantitative detection method for PCT is of great importance to quantitative detection of bacterial infection and rational usage of antibiotics clinically.

Objective To review the clinical features of chronic daily headache (CDH).Methods The clinical data of 128 patients with chronic daily headache,including general condition,characteristics of headache,concomitant symptom and disability were analyzed retrospectively.The features of primary chronic daily headache (PCDH) and medication over-dose headache (MOH) were compared.Results Among 128 cases females accounted for 79.7％ with an average age of 45.2 years and 88 patients were associated with drug overdose.The symptoms included nausea (68/128),photophobia (75/128),phonophobia (102/ 128),depression (77/128) and irritability (93/128),sleep disorders (94/128),dizziness (75/128),emotional irritability(58/128) and depression(21/128).The migraine disability assessment questionnaire and headache impact test-6 scores showed that disability was resulted from the severe degree of headache in 62.2％ (51/82) and 73.2％ (82/112) of CDH patients respectively.Compared with PCDH patients,the MOH patients had older age (t =2.59,P =0.011),longer duration (t =2.48,P =0.015) and severer degree of headache(t =5.58,P =0.018),and chronic migraine (t =11.95.P =0.001) was the most common primary headache type.Conclusions Most CDH patients are middle-aged women,with moderate to severe pain,usually complicated with depression,dysphoria and asomnia.Chronic daily headache patients are commonly associated with drug overdose.

Objective To investigate the effects of trimetazidine on the oxidative stress in maintenance he-modialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Eighty-six MHD patients and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) was measured by colorimetry and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum was measured by hydroxylamine method. The levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were meas-ured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All MHD patients were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group (n = 46) and control group (n = 40), who had undergone hemodialysis for at least three months before the study and were in a stable clinic status without signs of infection or disease activity. In the treatment group,20 mg of trimetazidine was taken orally three times each day for twenty-four weeks, when the parameters for oxidative stress were studied. The levels of GSHPx. SOD, MDA and AOPP in serum were measured before and after the treat-ment. Results At the initiation of the investigation, the serum levels of GSHPx [(584.37±215.70) μmol/L, (580.87±309.12) μmol/L vs (769.06±302.46) μmol/L] and SOD [(347.87±82.09) kU/L, (348.16±75.33) kU/L vs (428.34±15.23)kU/L] in the M HD patients were significantly lower than those in the normal eontrol group (P < 0.01), whereas the content of MDA [(4.94±1.32) nmol/L, (4.97±1.61) nmol/L vs (3.56±0.46)nmol/L] and AOPP [(120.95±59.24) μg/L,(121.76±69.12) μg/L vs (47.69±20.15) μg/L] in MHD patients was higher than those in the control group( P < 0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). After treatment for twelve weeks, the scores of GSHPx and SOD were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to that before treatment (P <0.01). However, the contents of the MDA and AOPP decreased. There were significant differences in the levels of GSHPx, SOD,MDA and AOPP between the two groups of MHD patients after the treatment with trim-etazidine. Conclusions Trimetazidine in maintenance hemodialysis patients appears to be associated with an im-provement of oxidative stress.

Professor YU Ren-cun believes that the responsibility of cough and asthma of lung cancer patients not only lies in the lungs, but also relates with spleen, kidney, heart and liver. Treatment should focus on the whole body and overall conditioning. Syndrome can be divided into 4 types: qi deficiency with phlegm resistance, yin deficiency with toxic heat, qi stagnation with blood stasis, and lung and kidney deficiency. Clinical treatment should pay attention to the combination of disease and syndrome, which can achieve satisfactory efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the causes,prevention and treatment ot laparoscopic comphca- tions in urologic surgery.Methods From May 2000 to May 2004,135 urologic laparoscopies were per- formed,including 17 transperitoneal laparoscopies and 118 retroperitoneal laparoscopies.Of the135 cases,26 had adrenal adenoma extirpation;31 had roof-removal and decompression of renal cyst;25 had radical ne- phrectomy;6 had pyeloplasty;2 had partial resection of renal capsula and encapsulation of the great omen- tum;2 had partial nephrectomy;4 had pelviureteral resection;13 had ligation of renal pedicle lymphatic ves- sel;2 had ureterolysis;7 had ureterolithotomy;12 had ligation of spermophlebectasis;5 had exploration,re- duction and fixation of undescended testis.The intra-and post-operative complications were retrospectively reviewed and clinically analyzed.Results Overall,14 cases(10.4%)had complications.Intraoperative complications occurred in 10 cases,including 6 cases of peritoneal injuries,which were clamped during oper- ation;4 of vascular injuries,which resulted in conversion to open surgery.Postoperative complications oc- curred in 4 cases,including 2 of subcutaneous emphysema,which was spontaneously absorbed at 5 and 7 d after operation;1 of incision seepage,which was drained for 40 d and then disappeared;and 1 of urine reten- tion,for which urethral catheterization was kept for 3 d and then the patient had voluntary voiding.No death occurred in this series.Conclusions Understanding the characteristics of laparoscopic complications in u- rologic surgery and systematic training of the surgeons can reduce the occurrence of complications.

AIM: To assess the relative agreement of GAT and NCT in IOP measurement by comparing the differences between Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact tonometer (NCT) in intraocular pressure (IOP) detection.METHODS: IOP of 529 eyes of 265 volunteers were measured with both NCT and GAT, respectively.RESULTS: The measurement results of NCT were lower than that of GAT, there was significant difference between the IOP measured with NCT and GAT (19.13 vs23.43, t=22.644, P＜0.05). With the increasing of IOP values, the difference magnitude was greater, especially in IOP group that was more than 30mmHg, but the correlation coefficient became lower.CONCLUSION: The measurement results with NCT are lower than that of GAT. When the IOP with the NCT is in borderline value, it need be corrected with GAT, in order to discover the pathologically elevated IOP and avoid the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of glaucoma.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the proliferation, growth, invasion, and metastasis of human cancers. Moreover, β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) interaction regulates the transcription of the key oncogenes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, β-catenin/TCF4 interaction would be a promising therapeutic target for the development of highly selective anticancer agents. At present, most ongoing small-molecule inhibitors targeting β-catenin/TCF4 interaction, including PKF222-815, iCRT3/5/14, LF3, and sanguinarine, have been developed in preclinical studies for human cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarized the research advances of up-to date inhibitors targeting β-catenin/TCF4 interaction, including the molecular structure and cellular functions of β-catenin in canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This review holds a hopeful avenue for the development of novel and highly selective Wnt inhibitors targeting β-catenin/TCF4 interaction for future anticancer strategy.

BACKGROUND: It is the most effective and economical method to reduce the incidence of stroke by conducting the health education concerning the etiological factors or risk factors and therapeutic knowledge of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia among the public and improving their knowledge level about the prevention and treatment of stroke.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cognition of the knowledge concerning the prevention and treatment of stroke among the public in Dongguan area.DESIGN: A cluster sampling and simple randomized sampling survey.SETTINGS: Department of Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Between March and June in 2001, totally 2 500 cases were randomly selected by means of cluster sampling combined with simple randomized sampling from the residents and migrant populations no younger than 17 years old in the government organization, enterprises, factories of various forms, Dongguan University of Technology and senior middle schools of urban and rural Dongguan city and the administrative villages of the rural areas of Dongguan city in Guangdong province before March 2003.METHODS: The inventory was modified according to relevant literatures,including demographic data, general knowledge of stroke, and knowledge about the prevention, identification and treatment of stroke, and the pathway to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke.Each item for the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was marked as 1-4.5 points, and the total score was 60. There was no mark for the pathway to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke. One unit was investigated each time, and 300-600 questionnaires were sent out, 500 questionnaires were randomly handed out to the healthy physical examinees in the Tungwah Hospital.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The correct rate of answers to the questionnaire, the total score of each kind of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke, the total score of each kind of knowledge in the subgroups, and the pathways to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke were mainly observed.RESULTS: Totally 2 320 complete and effective questionnaires were collected back. ① The average correct rate of answers to all the questions was 49.80%, and those of knowledges about identification and treatment were lower, the total score was ＜ 60% in 48.20% of the subjects. ② The level for each knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was lower in males than in females (P ＜ 0.05), but higher in the middle-age and old groups than in the young group (P＜0.05), and it was decreased from various civil servants, free agents, workers, farmers and students in order (P＜0.05), and there was significant difference between students and free agents (P＜0.01); it was also decreased in order from higher educational level to middle and lower ones in order (P＜0.05); it was also higher in the subjects with stroke history than in those without (P ＜ 0.05). ③) After the subjects were subdivided according to gender, age, profession and educational level, the pathways to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke in order were reading newspapers and magazines,watching TV, reading handbooks about science popularization, influence from relatives and friends, promotion and education of medical staff, and the last one was the least in all the groups.CONCLUSION: The level for the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was lower among the public in Dongguan area during the investigation, especially the knowledges about identification and treatment, so proper measures should be adopted to further develop education on the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke.

Objective To observe the effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on type 2 diabetic rats, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high-fat diet combined with a low dosage of streptozotocin ( STZ, 25 mg/ kg). After 3 × 106 hMSCs suspended in 1 ml PBS or 1ml 10-fold concentrated hMSC supernatant were intravenously infused into the rats via the tail vein, the blood glucose levels were measured every day. One week later, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed to evaluate the effects of hMSCs on diabetic rats. Pancreatic tissues were collected for insulin/ glucagon immunofluorescence staining. Results After hMSCs infusion, blood glucose level and homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index were significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic rats(both P<0. 01). The glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were greatly alleviated by hMSCs(all P<0. 01). Intravenously infused 1ml 10-fold concentrated hMSC supernatant showed a similar result to hMSCs. Conclusion In type 2 diabetic rats, hMSCs are able to effectively lower the blood glucose level, improve insulin sensitivity, and increase the number of β cells, which seems to be mediated by their secreted molecules.

Objective To observe the clinical outcome of modified posterolateral approaches for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. Methods From January 2012 to January 2015,13 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were identified in the Second Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Nan?jing Medical University. All the posterolateral fractures were fixated with a plate. The knee function was evaluated at the last follow?up by the Hospital for Special Surgery( HSS) Score,and the occurrence of postoperative compli?cations were observed. Results Thirteen patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months,all patients obtained bony union. There were no significant differences regarding the mean HSS score among 3 months, 6 months and 1 year post?operation((71. 6±1. 5) points, (76. 4±1. 6) points, (83. 2±1. 1) points;P=0. 154) . There were no significant differences regarding the tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle on radiograph?ies of inside and outsideamong immediate,6 and 12 months postoperation((83. 7±1. 7)°,(84. 3±1. 5)°,(85. 1 ±1. 4)°,(85. 4±1. 5)°;(7. 7±1. 5)°,(7. 7±1. 4)°,(7. 7±1. 3)°,(7. 6±1. 8)°;P=0. 223,0. 191). No com?plications associated with the approach were observed and there was no infection,no malunion or fixation failure either. Conclusion In the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures,the modified posterolateral approa?ches can result in excellent fracture reduction under direct visualization and allow for posterior buttress plating.