Four methods for evaluating the academic impact of scholars were described according to their literature information, including subjective evaluation method, bibliometric method, social network analysis and comprehen-sive evaluation method .Their development trend was studied by analyzing their characteristics and applications .

Objective To analyze the literature of two core periodicals ,Military Medicine of the USA and Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps of the UK,in order to highlight some important authors ,research institutes and some hot spots in the field of military medicine .Methods Citespace and Excel were used to analyze the data of authors institutes , keywords and citation frequency of the collected records .Results and Conclusion The core authors and critical research institutes are mainly from the USA and UK .America is absolutely taking the leading position in research on military medicine that focuses on injury risk factors , trauma and care , mental health , veteran affairs , military epidemiology and prevention .The results are of referential value for researchers and research administrators to find out about the main core authors ,research institutes and hot spots in military medicine .

Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on ischemia-induced neuronal damage in gerbil hippocampus with forebrain ischemia model.Methods Twenty-one gerbils were randomly assigned to 3 groups (7 animals each). The animal was anesthetized and both common carotid arteries were exposed and separated. Silk threads were looped around these arteries. In group A and group B ,10 ?l saline was given and in group C dexamethasone-water soluble ( 3?g dissolved in 10 ?l saline ) was administered intracerebroventricularly. After a stabilization period of 60 min, transient forebrain ishcmia for 2.5 min was induced in group B and group C by pulling the arteries with 8g weights under the brain temperature of 37.5℃?0.2℃. Seven days after the ischemia, the brains were taken out and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Brain slices, 5 ?m thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The numbers of preserved pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 field per 1 mm length of stratum pyramidal were counted.Results (1) Compared with those in group A, the preserved pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 field were reduced in group B and group C (P

Objective To investigate the change of tear film function in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) between acute exacerbation and non-onset phase.Methods This was a prospective controlled study.Functional assessment of tear film was performed in 30 eyes of 15 patients with SAC (SAC group) between acute exacerbation and non-onset phase and 15 healthy controls (control group).The tear film function included tear film break-up-time (BUT),Schirmer I test (SIt) and tear film interferometer imager measurement.Results BUT was significantly decreased in SAC group on acuteexacerbation compared with that on non-onset phase and control group [(6.97 ± 1.56) s vs.(11.27 ± 1.39),(12.00 ± 1.11) s],and there was significant difference (U =20.50,P =0.000;U =1.00,P =0.000).Moreover,BUT in SAC group on non-onset phase was similar as control group(U =322.00,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in SIt among SAC group on acute exacerbation and non-onset phase and control group(P ＞ 0.05).In tear film interferometer imager measurement,80.0％(24/30) was Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade,20.0％(6/30) was Ⅲ grade in control group,20.0％(6/30) was Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade,80.0％(24/30) was Ⅲ-Ⅴ grade in SAC group on acute exacerbation,60.0％(18/30) was I-Ⅱ grade,40.0％(12/30) was Ⅲ-Ⅴ grade in SAC group on non-onset phase,and there was significant difference between SAC group on acute exacerbaiion and SAC group on non-onset phase,control group (x2 =19.27,P =0.000; x2 =8.40,P =0.004),and there was no significant difference between SAC group on non-onset phase and control group (x2 =1.98,P＞0.05).Conclusion SAC can cause the instability of tear film during the acute exacerbation,whereas this instability can be recovered within the non-onset phase of S A C,which is close to the normal control

Disorders of sex development (DSD) is a complex disease that involves multiple traditional professional disciplines.Multidisciplinary team(MDT) mode is a particularly advantageous treatment mode that has been developed in recent years for the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.This article is based on the analysis of research progress at home and abroad about DSD and MDT,and the latest advances application of MDT treatment try for DSD,probe into how to establish a DSD-MDT treatment mode in theory preliminarily.

Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in differentiatied diagnosis for stromal tumour and lipoma in duodenal tract.MethodsThe EUS images of 44 cases of stromal tumour(30 cases) and lipoma( 14 cases) which were confirmed by pathological results were analyzed retrospectively.The location,size,layer of origin,margin,internal echo pattern and homogeniety of the lesion were recorded and compared.Results Compared with lipoma,stromal tumour showed a significant difference in the layer of origin,margin,internal echo and homogeniety ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but there was no statistical difference in the lesion location and size( P ＞0.05).ConclusionsEUS is greatly helpful to the differential diagnosis of stromal tumour and lipoma in duodenal tract.

Background Laser assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is one of surgical procedures for refractive correction.Dilute alcohol that is used for the removal of epithelium during LASEK induces the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells.Researches showed that thymosin β4 (Tβ4) can arrest apoptosis, but whether Tβ4 plays inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced damage of corneal epithelial cells is still unelucidated.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Tβ4 on ethanol-induced rabbit corneal epithelial cell damage in vitro.Methods The corneal tissue of deendothelium was obtained from 10 New Zealand white rabbits.Corneal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro by using explant culture method.Cultured cells were identified by detecting the expression of keratin 12 and connexin 43 with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).The cells of second generation were collected and divided into 4 groups.The cells were regularly cultured in the normal control group, and Tβ4 was added in the culture medium at the final concentration of 1 μg/ml in the Tβ4 treated group.Ethanol-induced rabbit corneal epithelial cell damage models were established by adding PBS containing 20％ alcohol in medium for 20 seconds in the model group,and Tβ4 was added in the medium of model cells at the final concentration of 1 μg/ml in the model+Tβ4 group.The survival rate of the cells was detected by MTT assay, and the apoptosis rate of the cells was examined by TUNEL method.The relative expression levels of cyclin D1 mRNA and cyclin-depensent protein kanase 4 (CDK4) mRNA in the cells were detected by real-time flurescenee quantitative PCR.The content of bcl-2 protein in the cells was detected by ELISA assay.Spectrophotometry was employed to measure the activity of caspase-3.The study complied with the Regulation for the Adminstration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The mean cell survival rate was (52.1 ± 14.07) ％ in the model group,which was significantly reduced in comparison with 100％ of the normal control group and (77.7± 19.60) ％ of the model+Tβ4 group (P=0.001 ,P=0.035).TUNEL staining revealed more positive cells in the model group and the model+Tβ4 group,and the percentage of TUNEL positive cells was (30.0±6.7)％ in the model+Tβ4 group, showing an evident decline in comparison with (42.4±4.0)％ of the model group (P=0.01).The relative expression levels of cyclin D1 mRNA and CDK4 mRNA were 0.93±0.17 and 0.88±0.09 in the model+Tβ4 group, which were significantly higher than 0.68±0.05 and 0.54±0.07 in the model group (P=0.027,0.002).ELISA assay exhibited that bcl-2 content in the cells was considerably lower,and caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in the model group than those in the model+Tβ4 group (P =0.030,0.021).Conclusions Tβ4 plays a protective effect on rabbit corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis by lowing the caspase 3 activity and increasing bcl-2 content in ethanoldamaged rabbit corneal epithelial cells.In addition, Tβ4 promotes the regrowth of corneal epithelial cells by upregulating the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4.

Objective To study the changes of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray. Methods Sixty-seven postmenopausal osteoporotic patients were enrolled in our trial. All of them received calcium and vitamin D; 37patients were treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for 12 months and the other 30 patients received calcium and vitamin D only. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)and measurements of a series of bone turnover indices were performed before and after medication for 6 and 12 months. Results After treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 increased but no change occurred in femoral neck. However, after treatment for 12 months, BMD in both lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck increased. In the control group, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 decreased after treatment for 6 and 12 months, but BMD in femoral neck decreased only after 12months. Comparing with the control group, after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck were increased obviously. The level of TRACP-5b and NTX/Cr decreased after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months and 12 months, while BALP increased only after treatment for 12 months. In the control group, BALP decreased after treatment for 12 months. The level of 25-(OH)vitamin D increased after treatment for 6 months and 12 months in both groups. Conclusions Long-term treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray prevents bone loss and may increase bone mass.

Objective To explore the underlying mechanisms of scalp electroacupuncture (SEA) in treating cerebral ischemia. Methods A total of 70 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a sham operated group, a model group and a scalp electroacupuncture (SEA) group. Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats in SEA group were treated with scalp electroacupuncture immediately after the establishment of the cerebral ischemia model by inserting the needles along anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal and posterior oblique line of vertex-temporal, connecting to the Han's Electro-Acupuncture Apparatus. The rats in sham operated group underwent the same operation as that in SEA group but without occlusion. Neurological severity score (NSS) was obtained to evaluate the neurofunctional defect, hemetoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the inflammatory infiltration in cerebral tissue, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to measure the contents of IL-1 beta and IL-10 at various time points. Results SEA group demonstrated significant decline in NSS at 72 h after the operation when compared with that of model group (P < 0. 01 ). An apparent attenuation in in-flammatory infiltration was seen in SEA group comparing with that of model group, especially at 48 h and 72 h after operation (P <0.01 ). Apparent decrease in IL-lbeta in SEA group was observed when comparing with the model group at 72 h (P <0.01 ). Statistically significant increase in IL-10 content was seen in SEA group at 48 h and 72 h after operation comparing with that of model group. Conclusions Scalp electroacupuncture might exert brain pro-tection by suppressing leukocytes infiltration via up-regulation of IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-1 beta expression.

Objective To identify the disease-causing gene mutation in families with anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD).Methods Two ASD families coming from Henan and Hebei provinces were enrolled in this study.Ocular examinations were performed,and periphery blood specimens were collected from each family member under the informed consent.The blood samples of 2 patients and 1 normal person in family 1 and 1 patient and 1 normal person in family 2 were analyzed by the whole exome sequences.The candidate genes were verified by Sanger sequence and predicted damages by PolyPhen-2 and SIFT Human Splicing Finder software.Results Family 1 including 9 patients were examined in serial 3 passages,which conformed to autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.Clinical examination revealed binocular anterior segment dysgenesis in the 9 patients.There were 13 SNV and 55 InDel candidate mutations.And missense mutation c.T2A(p.M1K)on PAX6 gene was found.Family 2 included 8 members,and 2 patients were examined.The splicing mutation c.357 + 1g ＞ c on the same gene was found.Conclusion T2A(p.M1 K) and c.357 + 1 g ＞ c mutations in PAX6 gene are responsible for ASD.Whole exome sequence provides a new approach to detect diseasecausing mutation of ASD with diversity clinical phenotypes.