[Objective]To evaluate the outcome inforation provided by two scoring systems after operative treatment of elementary posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum.[Method]Thirty-two patients with elementary posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum were included in the study.Functional outcomes were assessed with use of the eight health dimensions of the short form(SF)-36,and clinical outcomes were evaluated with use of the modified Merle d' Aubign? score.The SF-36 scores were compared with previously reported normal values and the correlation was analyzed between the modified Merle d' Aubign? score and score of each SF-36 health dimension.[Result]The mean modified Merle d' Aubign? score was 16.28 (range 13-18,SD 1.3),indicating overall good-to-excellent clinical results.However,all SF-36 health dimensions were significatly lower than the expected forms,with a significant statistical difference(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect and the mechanism of Puerarin Injection (PI) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris (AP).

METHODSSeventy-eight patients with AP planned to receive the PTCA and stenting treatment were randomly divided and single-blindedly into the conventional group and the PI group. Based on the conventional treatment and pre-operational preparation, the PI group was given 200 ml of PI by intravenous dripping once a day, beginning from one week before operation, but to the conventional group, normal saline was given for instead. The condition of AP attack in balloon dilatatory stage of PTCA was observed and change of ST segment of ECG detected by a 12-lead ECG monitor. The blood levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were also observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSAs compared with those in the conventional group, number of patients having AP attack and ST segment change in PTCA process was lessened in the PI group, with blood levels of vWF:Ag and ET-1 obviously lower, and NO content obviously higher than those in the conventional group,

CONCLUSIONSPI could protect the myocardium in 2-3 days after ischemia reperfusion, one of the possible reasons is that PI can simulate the late phase of ischemic preconditioning, which may be related to its effect in lowering plasma vWF:Ag and ET-1, and increasing the serum NO content.

Angina Pectoris ; therapy ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Antigens ; blood ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Isoflavones ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Stents ; von Willebrand Factor ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the effects of diphenylhydantoin sodiumpolybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (DPH-PBCA-NPs) and DPH-PBCA-NPs modified with Tween-80on rat models of epilepsy, and investigate the advantage of nanoparticle as the drug delivery system.Methods The rat models of acute epilepsy induced by lithium pilocarpine were established and randomly divided into 5 groups: group Ⅰ (performing injection of DPH-PBCA-NPs modified with Tween-80), group Ⅱ (performing injection of DPH-PBCA-NPs), group Ⅲ (performing injection of diphenylhydantoin sodium), group Ⅳ (performing injection of PBCA-NPs) and group Ⅴ (performing injection of physiological saline). The changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) manifestations of these rats were observed by using video-EEG monitoring; and their behavioral changes were noted too.Results The lithium pilocarpine induced rat models of acute epilepsy were successfully established and their status epilepticus were confirmed by EEG and their behaviors. The effective rate of DPH-PBCA-NPs modified with Tween-80 and DPH-PBCA-NPs was 91.67% and 54.55%, respectively;the effective rate of rats in group Ⅲ was 50%, and the effective rate of rats in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ was 0%;DPH-PBCA-NPs modified with Tween-80 enjoyed a better effect than DPH-PBCA-NPs and DPH (P＜0.05). Conclusion DPH-PBCA-NPs and DPH-PBCA-NPs modified with Tween-80 can be used to improve the behaviors of rats with acute epilepsy and modify the results of EEG of these rats.Nanoparticles as drug delivery system can help the drugs having their effects much quickly and effectively.

AIMTo investigate the effect on myocardial apoptosis and Bcl-2/Bax induced by remote preconditioning (RP) and to discuss the hypothesis from opioid receptors in pigs.

METHODSSkeletal muscle ischemia was performed in pigs by occlusion of the femoral artery (FAO) for 15 min followed by a 10 min of reperfusion. Infarction of the heart was induced by 40 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the RP model induced by FAO, the role of opioid receptors was investigated by using antagonist of the opioid receptors (naloxone). The signal transduction pathway of RP was investigated by using hexamethonium. Apoptosis of left ventricular samples from nonischemic and ischemic areas was detected in situ with end-labeling (TUNEL) method and measured by flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax was also measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTS(1) The apoptosis rate in ischemic myocardium in RP group measured by flow cytometry was lower (4.43% +/- 0.74%) compared with that in CONT group (15.4% +/- 1.15%), but Bcl-2/Bax was higher (1.36 +/- 0.09, CONT group: 0.56 +/- 0.08). (2) The protective effect could be prevented by naloxone used before RP protocol (apoptosis rate: 13.0% +/- 0.56% and Bcl-2/Bax: 0.69 +/- 0.18, P < 0.05). (3) Naloxone had no effect on apoptosis rate in CONT group. (4) Hexamethonium used before RP protocol had no effect on apoptosis rate and bcl-2/bax. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes detected in TUNEL correspond to the above.

CONCLUSIONRP induced by skeletal muscle ischemia could prevent myocardium from apoptosis, in which Bcl-2 and Bax might take part in regulation and control. Furthermore opioid receptors could take part in triggering the course and a neuronal signal transmission from the remote area to heart could be excluded.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Receptors, Opioid ; Swine

Objective:To investigate whether endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)was involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA)and its underlying mechanism,to detect H2 S and its synthases ex-pression in knee cartilage in patients diagnosed with different severity of OA,and to explore the transcrip-tion and expression of gene MMP-13 in chondrocytes treated with IL-1βor H2S.Methods:Synovial fluids of the in-patients with different severity of OA hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital were collected for measurement of H2 S content using methylene blue assay.Articular cartilages of the patients who underwent knee arthroplasty were collected for the cell culture of relatively normal chondrocytes.The chondrocytes were cultured to the P3 generation and H2 S molecular probes were used for detection of endogenous H2 S generation in the chondrocytes.Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the localization of H2 S synthases including cystathionine β-synthase (CBS),cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE),and mercap-topyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST)in OA chondrocytes.Western blot was used to quantify the protein expressions of CSE,MPST,and CBS in cartilage tissues of the patients who were diagnosed with OA and underwent knee arthroplasty.The relatively normal human chondrocytes were cultured to passage 3 and then divided into 4 groups for different treatments:(1 )the normal control group,no reagent was added;(2)the IL-1βgroup,5 μg/L of IL-1βwas added;(3)the IL-1β+H2S group,200 μmol/L of NaHS was added 30 min before adding 5 μg/L of IL-1β;(4)the H2 S group,200 μmol/L of NaHS was added. The transcription and expression of gene MMP-13 in chondrocytes of each group were determined with Real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.And the total NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in chondrocytes were detected with Western blot.Results:The content of H2 S in the synovial fluid of degenerative knee was (14.3 ±3.3)μmol/L.Expressions of endogenous H2 S and its synthases including CBS,CSE and MPST were present in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes.CSE protein expression in Grade 3 (defined by outerbridge grading)cartilage tissues was significantly increased as compared with that of Grade 1 cartilage tissues (1.67 ±0.09 vs.1.26 ±0.11,P<0.05).However,no significant difference of CBS or MPST expression among the different groups was observed.The expression of MMP-13 protein in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (1 .87 ±0.67 vs.0.22 ± 0.10,P<0.05 ),and that in the IL-1β+H2 S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (0.55 ±0.11 vs.1.87 ±0.67,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The transcription of MMP-13 protein in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (31.40 ±0.31 vs.1.00 ±0.00,P<0.05), and that in the IL-1β+H2 S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (24.41 ± 1.28 vs.31.40 ±0.31,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The total NF-κB p65 in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (2.13 ±0.08 vs.0.73 ±0.08,P<0.05),and that in the IL-1β+H2S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (1 .24 ±0.13 vs.2.13 ±0.08,P<0.05 ),and that in the H2 S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (1.30 ±0.13 vs.0.19 ±0.04,P<0.05),and that in IL-1β+H2S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (0.92 ±0.26 vs.1.30 ±0.13,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.Conclusion:H2 S affected the cartilage degeneration by partly inhibiting the degradation of extracellular matrix.

Gene editing tools with nucleases as the main component have now implemented programmable targeted mutagenesis or insertion or deletion of mammalian genomes.From zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas system to safer and more accurate Cas9 fusion protein gene editing tools and other nuclease gene editing tools, this paper systematically describes the development and evolution of gene editing, with detailed introduction to the development and optimization of next-generation gene editing tools, and a prospect of the clinical application of and challenges for gene editing tools.

BACKGROUNDThe Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway are the two major independent signal transduction pathways. However, it has recently been found that STAT3 may be negatively regulated by ERK1/2 in gp130-dependent signaling. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a potent novel hypertrophic cytokine, depends on gp130 to induce signaling and depends on STAT3 to exert hypertrophic effect. In this study, we examined whether STAT3 activity was negatively regulated by ERK1/2 during CT-1-induced signaling in rat cardiomyocytes and, if so, whether such crosstalk interfered with the hypertrophic effect of CT-1 and, furthermore, whether the mechanism underlying the crosstalk involved phosphorylation of serine 727 (S727) in STAT3.

METHODSThe activities of ERK1/2 and STAT3 were assessed by in-gel kinase assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. The role of S727 phosphorylation in the crosstalk between ERK1/2 and STAT3 was determined by a transient transfection study using a STAT3S727A mutant. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was evaluated by the cellular protein-to-DNA ratio and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation.

RESULTSCT-1 simultaneously activated both ERK1/2 and STAT3 in rat cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 resulted in an increase of CT-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and, consequently, the protein-to-DNA ratio and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation. Transient transfection of the cells with STAT3S727A had no significant effect on CT-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3.

CONCLUSIONSSTAT3 is activated by CT-1 in rat cardiomyocytes, but full activation is mitigated by the simultaneous activation of ERK1/2. The inhibition of ERK1/2 increases the activity of STAT3, which, in turn, enhances the hypertrophic effect of CT-1. The crosstalk between ERK1/2 and STAT3 is independent of the phosphorylation of the S727 in STAT3. Such crosstalk may contribute to the development of adequate cardiac hypertrophy.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cardiomegaly ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines ; toxicity ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators ; physiology ; Tyrosine ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo culture, isolate and identify new bunyavirus in Vero cell line.

METHODSSamples of 164 new bunyavirus positive by real time RT-PCR detection and well preserved serum specimens were selected from cases of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Xinyang, Henan province in 2009 - 2011. These sera were cultured in Vero cell line and new bunyavirus were detected by observing cytopathic effect (CPE), Real-time RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and thin-section electron microscopy observation. A total of 10 positive PCR products were selected randomly for sequencing and the results were compared with sequence in Genbank.

RESULTSAmong 164 FTLS serum specimens cultured in Vero cell line, no special CPE were observed and 67 strains (40.85%) were positive detected by Real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic acid similarity of 10 specimens were 97.8% - 100% and there's also a high similarity (> 99%) between specimens and new bunyavirus isolates (Accession No. HQ141600.1). Among 67 positive strains, 58 of them showed specific fluorescence particles by IFA. The viral particles were observed to be spheres with a diameter of 80 - 100 nm by electron microscopy.

CONCLUSIONVero cell line is suitable for culture, isolation and identification of new bunyavirus.

Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Humans ; Orthobunyavirus ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Serum ; virology ; Vero Cells ; virology ; Virus Cultivation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo develop an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detection of IgG antibodies against new bunyavirus.

METHODSThe antigen slides were prepared with 5 new bunyavirus strains isolated using Africa green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. Specificity and sensitivity evaluation of IFA were carried out by optimizing working conditions of IFA. Using established IFA, serum samples from both acute and recovery phases were tested for 126 cases with fever thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome in Xinyang, Henan province in 2007 - 2011. The results were compared with detections by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe new bunyavirus stable immunofluorescence specific WZ69 strain was selected to prepare antigen slides of IFA. The optimum conditions of IFA were: optimum dilution for primary antibody (serum) and secondary antibody (isosulfocyanic acid fluorescence marked goat anti-human IgG antibody) was 1:40 and 1:150 respectively. The optimum dilution for Evans blue in secondary antibody was 1:20 000. Among the 126 patients, 96 paired serum specimens were tested positive to the new bunyavirus and 30 patients were tested negative to the virus. The positive rate of antibodies was 76.19%. There was no significant difference in results between IFA and RT-PCR (72.22% (91/126)) (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe IFA has high sensitivity and specificity with easy operation. It can be used in detecting the new bunyavirus infection in patients with fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; immunology ; Bunyaviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthobunyavirus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vero Cells

Objective To analyze the axial stiffness of human pelvis that were set with the double support standing posture and subjected to gradient vertical loads. Method Nine intact embalmed cadaver specimens were marked from 1# to 9# according to the test sequence, and then subjected to vertical static loads in the gradient of 100 N from 0 N to 500 N. The load displacement data were collected by using the beam sensor of electronic universal testing machine to calculate the axial stiffness of human pelvis. Results The differences of axial stiffness among individual pelvis were large (P=0.815), ranging from 240 N/mm to 776 N/mm. All the pelvic specimens were divided into three groups by cluster analysis (the first group: 1#、2#、3#、5#、9#, the second group: 4#、6#、8#, the third group: 7#). According to the processed results, there were statistical differences among the groups (P<0.05). The trends of pelvic axial stiffness were different under gradient loads. The axial stiffness of the first and third group, totally six specimens, increased with loads increasing; while the axial stiffness of the second group including three specimens increased first, but then decreased with the loads increasing. Conclusions There are significant individual differences in pelvic axial stiffness and its changing discipline within the physiological range; the cluster analysis can be used to analyze the changing discipline between the load and stiffness of human pelvis; as a whole, the pelvic axial stiffness increased with the loads increasing.