OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of 33 kinds of pesticide residues in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. METHODS： The 53 chemical monomers of 33 pesticide residues clearly prohibited by the Chinese ministry of agriculture were selected as the detection indicators. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile by high speed homogenizer. An LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a CORTECSTM UPLC C18(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm) column with isocratic elution of 0.1% formic acid (containing 5 mmol•L-1 ammonium formate) is mobile phase A, 95% acetonitrile(containing 5 mmol•L-1 ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid)is mobile phase B.Electrospray ionization(ESI)source was applied by positive ionization in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)modes. GC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a DM17ms(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)capillary column with electron impact(EI)source, electron impact (EI) source was applied by positive ionization in multiple reaction monitoring modes (MRM). RESULTS: The correlation coefficient r of 33 pesticide residues showed good linearity in the linear range of 2 to 20 ng•mL-1 was greater than 0.990 0. The average recoveries at spiked levels of low level and high level (0.01 and 0.04 mg•kg-1), repeat 5 times per level. The average recovery was 87.57%-120.98%, and the RSD was between 1.45%-14.03%. CONCLUSION： The method can quickly and effectively detect pesticide residues in ginseng.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive value of seven gastric cancer-associated factors on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

METHODSExpressions of C-met, EGFR, HER2, Ki-67, MMP7, P53 and TOPOII were detected by immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer tissues of 53 cases before and after mFOLFOX7 neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 standard combined with histopathology, and the relationship between various genes and chemotherapy efficacy was analyzed by univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses.

RESULTSThe clinical response rate was 52.8% (28/53) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including complete response in none, partial response in 28 cases (52.8%), stable disease in 24 cases (45.3%) and progressive disease in 1 case (1.9%). The expressions of all the genes were not significantly different before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P>0.05). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy was 83.3% (10/12) in the patients of HER2 positive expression and 43.9% (18/41) in the patients of HER2 negative expression. The former was significant higher than the latter (P=0.016). Response rate of patients with P53 positive expression was 35.7% (10/28), significantly lower than 72.0% (18/25) of those with P53 negative expression (P=0.008). Six patients with both HER2 positive expression and P53 negative expression showed better efficacy. The expressions of C-met, EGFR, Ki-67, MMP7 and TOPOII were not associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P>0.05). HER2 and P53 were independent influencing factors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpressions of HER2 and P53 have great value in the prediction of mFOLFOX7 neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy, suggesting that as independent factors, HER2 and P53 may be used to predict the efficacy before chemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transcallosal-interforniceal approach for resection of the third ventricle and the pineal region tumors.

METHODSThe clinical data of 24 cases from July 2008 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. All 24 patients operated by transcallosal-interforniceal approach, among them, there were 14 males and 10 females, with a average age of 32 years ranged from 17 to 65 years and with medical history from 1 month to 10 years. Issues of managements were analyzed and discussed, including reasonable incision design, the managements of draining vein, the site and the length of the incision of the corpus callosum, tumor exposure in increased intracranial pressure, prevention of complications, skills of surgery, treatments of obstructive hydrocephalus, and postoperative managements.

RESULTSIn the 24 cases, there were 5 cases of pineal parenchymal tumors, 4 cases of germinoma, 3 cases of astrocytoma, 2 cases of hypothalamus hamartomas, 2 cases of ependymoma, 2 cases of mixed germ cell tumour, 2 cases of malignant lymphomas, 1 case of pineoblastoma, 1 case of dermoid cyst, 1 case of chordoid glioma and 1 case of craniopharyngioma. After surgeries, total removal achieved in 9 cases, and subtotal removal in 10 cases and partial removal in 5 cases. Operative mortality was 0. Combined third ventriculostomy were performed in 13 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases, including frontoparietal epidural hematoma in 1 case; postoperative short-term memory loss in 3 cases, postoperative memory loss within 1 month in 2 cases and within 3 months in 1 case; frontoparietal subdural effusion in 1 case and the effusion disappeared without any treatment. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSThe transcallosal-interforniceal approach is ideal for the removal of tumors in third ventricle as well as majority tumor in posterior of third ventricle in a skillful hand. Tumor resection combined with third ventriculostomy is the significant advantages in the approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Third Ventricle ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare effects of integrated treatment traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (TCM-WM) and simple western medicine on TCM clincal symptoms in the patient of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation.

METHODA multicenter randomized controlled trials of 164 subjects evaluated the effects of clinical symptoms of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation of TWO regimens: the TCM-WM group (n = 111) and western medicine treatment group (n = 53), while incidence of TCM symptoms in different time points in two groups were analyzed.

RESULTTwenty eight days after treatment, the cured and markedly effective rate of TCM symptoms in the TCM-WM group significantly exceeding that in the western medicine treatment group (cured and markedly effective rate significant efficiency 44.55% vs 20.00%), while the incidence rate for the TCM symptoms of fever and headache in the TCM-WM group was significantly lower than that in western medicine group.

CONCLUSIONThe integrated treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine helps to alleviate the TCM clinical symptoms of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pneumonia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To elucidate the functions of peripheral blood NK cells in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with interferon. Methods: Venous whole blood samples were obtained from patients in the immune clearance (IC) phase treated with peg-interferon-alpha-2a (Peg-IFNα-2a) at baseline (t=0), 12 weeks (t=12) and 24 weeks (t=24). The frequencyies of peripheral blood CD3^-CD56⁺ NK cells, CD56^brightNK cells and CD56^dimNK cells, the expression level of IFNAR2 and NKp46 on NK cells were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of serum HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg and ALT were detected by Ditan Hospital clinical laboratory. Results: Forty-one patients in the IC phase treated with Peg-IFNα-2a, including 21 poor response (PR) patients and 20 good response (GR) patients, were recruited for this study. Theresult were as follows: The frequency of peripheral blood CD3^-CD56⁺ NK cells was increased at week 24 in GR compared with the baseline(11.74, 5.69%-18.15% vs 13.7, 9.36-20.18%, P>0.05), and it also was increased in PR(8.94, 6.26%-14.15% vs 12.5, 7.64-16.55%, P>0.05). The frequency of peripheral blood CD56^brightNK cells was increased at week 24 in GR compared with the baseline(9.49, 6.2%-12.48% vs 12.98, 7.75%-20.93%, P>0.05), and it also was increased in PR(11.45, 8.27%-19.13% vs 17.52, 12.3%-22.42%, P=0.0239). The expression level of NKp46 on NK cells was significantly increased at week 24 in GR compared with the baseline(90.55, 83.8-94.78 vs 93.8, 92.28-96.4, P=0.0263), but it was not increased in PR(95, 90.6-96.15 vs 94.3, 92.1-95.6, P>0.05). The expression level of NKp46^high on NK cells was significantly increased at week 24 in GR compared with the baseline(12.4, 8.58-19.08 vs 39.3, 23.15-49.3, P=0.0011), at that range of the increase was significantly higher than PR(14.2, 9.78-17.65 vs 27.58, 19.13-36.56, P=0.006). Conclusions The frequencies of peripheral blood CD3^-CD56⁺ NK cells and CD56^brightNK cells were increased from patients in the IC phase treated with Peg-IFNα-2a. The expression level of NKp46 on NK cells was increased in GR patients treated with Peg-IFNα-2a. The expression level of NKp46^high on NK cells was significantly increased, especially in GR patients treated with Peg-IFNα-2a.

OBJECTIVETo explore the symptomatic criteria for diagnosis in children with functional constipation(FC) in North China.

METHODSA screening program for FC in children was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms using Rome III( criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of city, region and school or kindergarten. Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teacher. The screening program was carried out immediately after a plot survey. A total of 20,000 questionnaires were distributed and 19,638 retrieved. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who fulfilled the criteria were further selected to undergo detail clinical examinations in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyogram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. A detailed questionnaire was filled in with the assistance from a trained doctor or a medical student. Potential risk factors and the relative symptoms were explored by comparing frequencies between FC group and non-FC group using χ2 and Logistic analysis.

RESULTSEighteen symptoms (defecation less than 3 times per week, dry hard sausage-shape stool, difficulty in defecation, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, etc) could exist in control group, but FC group had a higher frequency. The difference was statistically significant. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that defecation less than 3 times per week, hard sausage-shape feces, difficulty in defecation, and the need for laxative were associated with FC. The absence of other symptoms had no influence on diagnosis of FC. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of symptomatic standard diagnostic test based on Rome III( criteria in FC children showed that ≥2 items had the best diagnostic accuracy but moderate sensitivity and specificity.

CONCLUSIONThe symptomatic criteria for FC diagnosis in children are suggested as follows: (1) defecation frequency less than 3 times per week; (2) dry, hard, sausage-shape stool in most defecation; (3) difficulty in most defecation; (4) use of medication or digital evacuation. FC can be considered when 2 of the above 4 criteria are met and the symptoms last at least 2 months.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Constipation ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Reference Standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective Functional constipation (FC) is a common complaint in childhood but the prevalence still remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of FC in childhood in the northern parts of China. Methods A screening program on FC in childhood was carried out in 5 northern cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin) of China according to symptoms under the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Random clustered sampling of the inhabitants was carried out under stratification of cities, geographic zones, schools or nurseries.Sample size of each area was in proportion to the population of the area. The range of age was 4-14. All subjects under study were requested to fill in a questionnaire distributed by the teachers. The screening program was carried out immediately after a section survey was completed. All together, 20 000 questionnaires were distributed with 19 638 retrievals. According to the result of the screening, a small number of patients who met the criteria were further selected to undergo a detailed clinical examination in the hospital including laboratory examination, colonic transit time, defecography or/and barium enema, electromyologram and anorectal manometry to exclude organic disease of the colon. Simultaneously, a detailed questionnaire was requested to fill under the assistance of trained doctors or medical students.Prevalence of FC of the population was adjusted by the rate of correct diagnosis from the detailed study. Results The adjusted point prevalence of FC in 5 northern cities of China according to Rome Ⅲ criteria was 4.73% with higher prevalence rate of FC seen in the Beijing area (5.02%) than in other cities (4.82%, 4.76%, 4.27%, 4.40%, with P＜0.001 ). Male to female ratio was 1.26:1 with majority of the FC fell in the 4-6 year olds (5.76%). Conclusion FC appeared a common disorder in childhood in the northern parts of China which called for greater attention. Higher prevalence was noted in the age groups of 4-6.

To investigate the effects of Pogostemon cablin(patchouli) on gastrointestinal function of rats with the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao, and explore its therapeutic mechanism. In this study, gastrointestinal function of rats with the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao was evaluated by multiple assays including gastric remnant rate, small intestine propelling rate, gastric juice quantity, pepsin activity and gastrointestinal tissue morphology. ELISA was used to detect gastrointestinal hormones including MTL, GAS, VIP and cytokines including TNF-α and interleukin 10 in rat serum. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technique was used to detect relative mRNA expression of AQP3, AQP4 and AQP8 in gastric and colonic tissues to explore the mechanism of P. cablin in treatment of gastrointestinal functions. The results showed that middle and high dose of P. cablin (3.24, 6.48 g•kg⁻¹) could obviously decrease the gastric remnant rate, promote gastric emptying, increase the small intestine propelling rate(P<0.05), speed up the propulsive movement of gastrointestinal tract, increase the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, increase the activity of pepsin, and improve the injury of gastrointestinal tissue. All the doses of P. cablin could increase the concentration of MTL and GAS in serum, reduce the concentration of VIP, TNF-α and IL-10 in serum, decrease the mRNA expression of AQP3 in gastric and colonic tissues, and increase the expression levels of AQP4 and AQP8 in colonic tissues. The regulatory effects were better in middle and high dose groups. In conclusion, regulation of the levels of gastrointestinal hormones, inflammatory cytokines and aquaporins may be the paths for P. cablin to maintain normal gastrointestinal function of rats with the syndrome of damp retention in middle-jiao. The results of the study laid a foundation for clarifying the treatment mechanism of aromatic damp-resolving drugs for indications including damp retention in middle-jiao and transformation failure of spleen.

The aim of this paper was to screen the active targets of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by means of network pharmacology,and to investigate their mechanism of action. The effective components of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix were screened out by traditional Chinese medicine systematic pharmacological( TCMSP)database,with oral bioavilability( OB) ≥30% and drug-like( DL) ≥18% selected as the thresholds. Target PPI network was built between the main components and their corresponding targets. One hundred and eighty-two human genes corresponding to the medicine target sites were obtained from Uniprot database; 3 874 genes corresponding to ulcerative colitis were obtained from Genecard database.A total of 115 intersection genes were screened from disease genes and medicine genes,and the PPI interaction analysis was conducted by using String tool. Disease-target PPI network was drawn by using Cytoscape software,and component-target-disease network was constructed. One hundred and eight nodes and 1 882 connections were found,and then Cytoscape software was used to merge the networks and filter the core network for gene GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The mechanism of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix was then verified by animal experiment. Gene GO functional analysis suggested that biological process,molecular functions and cell components were involved,and it was found that ulcerative colitis might be related to transcription factor activity,and cytokine receptor binding,etc. Gene KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of ulcerative colitis might be associated with TNF and Toll-like receptors( TLRs) signaling pathway-mediated cytoinflammatory factors interleukin-1( IL-1) and interleukin-6( IL6). The possible mechanism of the effective components of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix in treating ulcerative colitis might be related to intervening the cytokine receptor binding of TNF and TLRs signaling pathways,reducing the transcription of nuclear factor-kappaB( NF-κB),and inhibiting the secretion of intestinal inflammatory factors IL-1 and IL-6.
Animals ; Apiaceae/chemistry* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy* ; Databases, Genetic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Interleukins/metabolism* ; Lamiaceae/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Signal Transduction ; Software ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism*