Objective Acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates is the most serious complication of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, is one of the main causes of neonatal death and disability. Clinical early diagnosis, early treatment can improve the prognosis in children. Methods Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEF) was detected on two patients (40 patients with ABE, 40 cases of normal controls, all full-term) in the state of sleep in children and analysis the difference between the two groups ,all testing was completed by experienced Department of ENT full-time technician in charge,SPSS15.0 statistical analysis software was took for data analysis (using rank sum test method). Results There was significant difference between the two groups of neonatal latency of wave I, latency of waveⅤ, interpeak time , acute bilirubinⅠ-Ⅴencephalopathy group was significantly longer than that of the control group. Conclusions The BAEF detection is the sensitive index of brainstem damage , can objectively and sensitively reflect the function of the central nervous system , can reflect the functional status of cochlear and brainstem structures , often brainstem was slightly damaged but no clinical symptoms and signs , BAEP has changed significantly , so the conventional BAEP examination performed on patients with hyperbilirubinemia help to find bilirubin brain damage as early as possible,and prevent the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy.

Objective To study the targeting ability of aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticle encapsulated with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon,and observe its mediated ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging in vitro.Methods PLGA nanoparticle was prepared using double emulsion technique.Aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticle was obtained by connecting,then PLGA nanoparticle was conjugated with MUC1 aptamer carbodiimide technique aimed to obtain aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticle.Targeting ability of aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticle to MCF-7 tumor cells in vitro was tested by fluorescence microscope.Besides,there were three control groups including PLGA nanoparticle group,aptamer group and HELA cell group.A commercial photoacoustic instrument was used to detect ultrasound/photoacoustic signal.Results A significant number of aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticles gathered around the MCF-7 cells,however,the specific binding can not be observed in control groups.Both ultrasound and photoacoustic signal intensity of the aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticles increased significantly when excited with laser.Conclusions The aptamer-modified PLGA nanoparticle was successfully prepared,and had superior targeting ability to MCF-7 cells,Morever,ultrasound/photoacoustic signal emitted the by nanoparticle increased significantly.These properties make the targeted nanoparticle a great potential to become a distinguished uhrasound/photoacoustic dual modality contrast agent,which lays good foundation for further targeted imaging application in vivo.

Objective To explore the feasibility of mobilization circulating MSCs by G-CSF and observe the repairing effect of G-CSF mobilization in severe mouse traumatic brain injury(TBI) model.Methods MSCs-derived bone marrow and peripheral blood(PB) were cultured and its CFU-F were counted after mobilization by G-CSF.At 2,24,48,96,120,144,192,264,336 h after severe TBI in mice was establish,the neurobehavior of mice was measured by neurological examination and motor functional test,and mortality rate and pathologic changes were analyzed.Results MSCs-derived PB were successfully cultured.The CFU-F of mobilization group increased significantly than that of control group(P

The industry of germ-free animals has been a hot spot in research along with the rapid development of studies on the relationship between microbiota and host diseases. Because it is pathogen?free, and the high degree of simi?larity in anatomy, physiology, pathogenesis to humans, germ?free pig is considered a clinical relevant model to be widely used in life science research. Based on the current state of research of germ?free pig cultivation at home and abroad and the experimental studies carried out in our laboratory as well, this article gives a simple discussion on germ?free technique of domestic pigs.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transcallosal-interforniceal approach for resection of the third ventricle and the pineal region tumors.

METHODSThe clinical data of 24 cases from July 2008 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. All 24 patients operated by transcallosal-interforniceal approach, among them, there were 14 males and 10 females, with a average age of 32 years ranged from 17 to 65 years and with medical history from 1 month to 10 years. Issues of managements were analyzed and discussed, including reasonable incision design, the managements of draining vein, the site and the length of the incision of the corpus callosum, tumor exposure in increased intracranial pressure, prevention of complications, skills of surgery, treatments of obstructive hydrocephalus, and postoperative managements.

RESULTSIn the 24 cases, there were 5 cases of pineal parenchymal tumors, 4 cases of germinoma, 3 cases of astrocytoma, 2 cases of hypothalamus hamartomas, 2 cases of ependymoma, 2 cases of mixed germ cell tumour, 2 cases of malignant lymphomas, 1 case of pineoblastoma, 1 case of dermoid cyst, 1 case of chordoid glioma and 1 case of craniopharyngioma. After surgeries, total removal achieved in 9 cases, and subtotal removal in 10 cases and partial removal in 5 cases. Operative mortality was 0. Combined third ventriculostomy were performed in 13 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases, including frontoparietal epidural hematoma in 1 case; postoperative short-term memory loss in 3 cases, postoperative memory loss within 1 month in 2 cases and within 3 months in 1 case; frontoparietal subdural effusion in 1 case and the effusion disappeared without any treatment. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSThe transcallosal-interforniceal approach is ideal for the removal of tumors in third ventricle as well as majority tumor in posterior of third ventricle in a skillful hand. Tumor resection combined with third ventriculostomy is the significant advantages in the approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Third Ventricle ; Young Adult

Objective To study the epidemic tendency of emerging influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China, and to explore the different patterns of spread on the disease under the following contexts: (1) To stop the temperature screening program at the border areas of the country; (2)To stop measures of prevention and control on those identified cases and their close contacts; (3) To strengthen programs for the foreign immigrants on 'home quarantine'. Methods Under relevant parameters and information on the transmission link from different reference data, the patterns of influenza spread were simulated by Monte Carlo method. Results The temperature screening on border could inhibit the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) to some extent, so that after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by 21.5% (1718 cases) and transmission speed of influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China will be delayed by about 4 days. Furthermore, taking positive measures of prevention and control could efficiently slow down the epidemic, so that after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by 93.4%(about 90 thousand cases) and it would be delayed by about 15 days if influenza A (H1N1) spreads to the whole country. In addition, if the immigrants were able to practise quarantine measures consciously by themselves at home the effect of prevention and control against influenza A(H1N1) would be more significant. If 30%, 60% and 90% of immigrants would take quarantine measures home consciously, after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by about 15% (about 940 cases), 34% (about 2230 cases) and 64% (about 4180 cases), respectively. Also, influenza A (H1N1) spreads to the whole country will be delayed by about 4 days, 10 days and 25 days, respectively. It is difficult to curb fully the development of the epidemic by taking existing control measures, and influenza A (H1N1) may spread to almost all provinces after about 3 months. Conclusion The effects of existing prevention and control measures were objectively assessed and the results showed the necessity and effectiveness of these measures against the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) , in the mainland of China.

Objective:To investigate the cognition of the diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis among respiratory specialists.Methods:Between May and June 2020, a questionnaire survey based on expert consensus and guidelines was conducted among respiratory specialists from 50 hospitals from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Total 691 questionnaires were distributed and 641 were received. 601 valid questionnaires were chosen for further analysis with an effective recovery rate of 87.0%. The respondents were required to finish the e-questionnaires independently in terms of cognition of diagnosing, severity assessment, treatments and Chinese medicines of bronchiectasis. The responses were collected online and the cognitive levels were evaluated by calculating the correct rates of corresponding questions.Results:540 (89.9%) of the respondents agreed that high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was the gold standard for diagnosing of bronchiectasis, but 318 (52.9%) had an incomplete understanding of common radiographic manifestations of bronchiectasis, and different cognitive degrees of common radiographic manifestations of bronchiectasis existed among respondents with different qualifications or working in different levels of hospitals ( P<0.05). Only 118 (19.6%) of the respondents were familiar with severity assessments of bronchiectasis, but 65 (55.1%) of the 118 respondents said they won′t apply these severity assessments to patient during their clinical works. For the treatment of patients with stable bronchiectasis, airway clearance techniques were most recommended by specialists surveyed [410 (68.2%)], among which, postural drainage was the most known method [559 (93.0%)]. For patients undergoing an acute exacerbation, most respondents recommended antibiotics [600 (99.8%)] as the primary treatment, and examinations such as sputum culture [544 (90.5%)], inflammatory markers [523 (87.0%)] should be performed as well. 504 (83.9%) thought that pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common conditioned pathogen for bronchiectasis. For patients with frequent exacerbations (≥3 per year), 385 (64.1%) of the respondents supported the therapeutic effect of long-term antibiotics, however, among the 385 respondents supporting long-term antibiotics, only [113 (29.4%)] were willing to recommend long-term antibiotic treatment actively during their clinical practice. Besides, 304 (50.6%) respondents held a positive attitude to the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine therapies. Among 304 respondents holds the point of supporting, only 86 (28.3%) were willing to recommend traditional Chinese medicine to patients actively, differences about the attitude and clinical behaviors were found between respondents working in different levels of hospitals ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Respiratory specialists′ cognition on diagnosis and treatments of bronchiectasis remains inadequate, and cognitive levels differ among respondents working in different levels of hospitals. There is a gap between respondents′ cognition and clinical practice. Further education and trainings are necessary for improving respiratory specialists′ knowledge for timely diagnosis and standard treatment of bronchiectasis.

Objective To study the effects of TYRO protein kinase-binding protein (TYROBP) deficiency on learning behavior, glia activation and pro-inflammatory cycokines, and Tau phosphorylation of a new Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model carrying a PSEN1 p.G378E mutation.Methods A new AD mouse model carrying PSEN1 p.G378E mutation was built based on our previously found AD family which might be ascribed to the PSEN1 mutation, and then crossed with TYROBP deficient mice to produce the heterozygous hybrid mice (PSEN1^G378E/WT; Tyrobp^+/-) and the homozygous hybrid mice (PSEN1^G378E/G378E; Tyrobp^-/-). Water maze test was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability of mice. After the mice were sacrificed, the hippocampus was excised for further analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to identify the cell that expresses TYROBP and the number of microglia and astrocyte. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Tau and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), and ELISA to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results Our results showed that TYROBP specifically expressed in the microglia of mouse hippocampus. Absence of TYROBP in PSEN1^G378E mutation mouse model prevented the deterioration of learning behavior, decreased the numbers of microglia and astrocytes, and the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampus (all P < 0.05). The ratios of AT8/Tau5, PHF1/Tau5, pT181/Tau5, pT231/Tau5 and p-ERK/ERK were all higher in homozygous hybrid mice (PSEN1^G378E/G378E; Tyrobp^-/- mice) compared with PSEN1^G378E/G378E mice (all P < 0.05). Conclusions TYROBP deficiency might play a protective role in the modulation of neuroinflammation of AD. However, the relationship between neuroinflammation processes involving microglia and astrocyte activation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and p-Tau pathology needs further study.
Mice ; Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Hippocampus/pathology* ; Mutation ; Cytokines/pharmacology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; tau Proteins/pharmacology* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/pharmacology*

Manganese superoxide dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of two molecules of superoxide radicals to one molecule of oxygen and one molecule of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation of superoxide anion to oxygen by Mn³⁺SOD proceeds at a rate close to diffusion. The reduction of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide by Mn²⁺SOD can be progressed parallelly in either a fast or a slow cycle pathway. In the slow cycle pathway, Mn²⁺SOD forms a product inhibitory complex with superoxide anion, which is protonated and then slowly releases hydrogen peroxide out. In the fast cycle pathway, superoxide anion is directly converted into product hydrogen peroxide by Mn²⁺SOD, which facilitates the revival and turnover of the enzyme. We proposed for the first time that temperature is a key factor that regulates MnSOD into the slow- or fast-cycle catalytic pathway. Normally, the Mn²⁺ rest in the pent-coordinated state with four amino acid residues (His26, His74, His163 and Asp159) and one water (WAT1) in the active center of MnSOD. The sixth coordinate position on Mn (orange arrow) is open for water (WAT2, green) or O₂^• to coordinate. With the cold contraction in the active site as temperature decreases, WAT2 is closer to Mn, which may spatially interfere with the entrance of O₂^• into the inner sphere, and avoid O₂^•/Mn²⁺ coordination to reduce product inhibition. Low temperature compels the reaction into the faster outer sphere pathway, resulting in a higher gating ratio for the fast-cycle pathway. As the temperature increases in the physiological temperature range, the slow cycle becomes the mainstream of the whole catalytic reaction, so the increasing temperature in the physiological range inhibits the activity of the enzyme. The biphasic enzymatic kinetic properties of manganese superoxide dismutase can be rationalized by a temperature-dependent coordination model of the conserved active center of the enzyme. When the temperature decreases, a water molecule (or OH^-) is close to or even coordinates Mn, which can interfere with the formation of product inhibition. So, the enzymatic reaction occurs mainly in the fast cycle pathway at a lower temperature. Finally, we describe the several chemical modifications of the enzyme, indicating that manganese superoxide dismutase can be rapidly regulated in many patterns (allosteric regulation and chemical modification). These regulatory modulations can rapidly and directly change the activation of the enzyme, and then regulate the balance and fluxes of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in cells. We try to provide a new theory to reveal the physiological role of manganese superoxide dismutase and reactive oxygen species.

【Objection】 To evaluate the effects of aortic valve stenosis on the flow field characteristics of ascending aortic aneurysm by computational fluid dynamics and hemodynamic indexes. MethodsA total of 63 patients aged 18 or over with ascending aortic dilation or aneurysm were retrospectively recruited from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and assigned to aortic valve stenosis （AS） or none aortic valve stenosis （NAS） group. Propensity score matching analysis and ascending aortic division based on centerline were performed to compare the hemodynamic indexes ［pressure， shear stress rate （SSR）， wall shear stress （WSS）， time average shear stress rate （TASSR）， time average wall shear stress （TAWSS）］. ResultsThere were significant differences in SSR （191.70 ［117.22~248.78］ s^-1 vs. 93.23 ［68.59~145.35］ s^-1， Z = 2.167， P = 0.030） and WSS （2.87 ［1.88~4.00］ Pa vs. 1.20 ［1.04~2.18］ Pa， Z = 2.233， P = 0.026） between AS group and NAS group. The differences were mainly found in the proximal and lesser curvature of ascending aorta （P < 0.05）. There was no statistical significance in pressure， TASSR or TAWSS. ConclusionsAortic valve stenosis alters the hemodynamics in ascending aortic dilation or aneurysms， which increases tangential component force （e.g. SSR， WSS） but has no significant effects on perpendicular component force （e.g. pressure）.