[Objective]To simulate the biomechanics mechanism and environment of humeral fracture caused by indirect impact force for the purpose of biomechanics understanding and treatment of such fracture.[Method]Based on the data source, which was high-resolution anatomic slice images from approximal clavicle to distal humerus, 1 mm thickness and totally 380 layers, the geometric model of total shoulder joint was established according to the order:point, line,area, and further meshed to set up the three dimension finite element model of shoulder, fracture sites and instantaneous stress and strain of humerus were simulated and analyzed under the condition which longitudinal impact force was loaded on the humerus based on the 12 functional positions of shoulder(abduction 30?、 45?、 60?、 90?, and simultaneous neutrality, internal rotation 45?,external rotation 45?).[Result]According to the humeral shaft load-strain curve in different functional positions of shoulder, linear relation was found when load changed from 0 N to 250 N, after which non-linear come out, and even load was removed , bone was deformed eternally. With the rise in load amount, the increase in stress was detected. When abduction degree changed from 90? to 30?, the strain of humerus, both the lateral and the medial increased gradually,and increase in internal rotation 45?and external rotation 45? was more significant than that in neutrality. Meanwhile, stress difference could be seen between the lateral and the medial , and medial was larger than the lateral. Increase in stress in rotation positions was quicker and more than that in other functional positions.[Conclusion]Based on 4 abduction degrees (30?, 45?, 60?, 90?) and 3 rotation degrees(neutrality, internal rotation 45?,external rotation 45?) ,the three dimensional finite element shoulder could simulate precisely stress, strain, general trend of fracture line, three dimension images of bone failure. Three dimension finite element simulation and analysis of shoulder is a valuable mechanical method for research on biomechanics theory related to humerus fracture.

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Crepis crocea by column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis as tectorone I (1), 8β- (2-methyl- 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoyloxy) -glucozaluzanin C (2), tectoroside (3), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (4), cosmosiin (5), esculetin (6), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (7), trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Caffeic acid (9), methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate (10), ethylp- hydroxyphenyllactate (11), cis-3,4-dihydroxy-β-ionion (12). All the compounds, except for compounds 4 and 9, were isolated from this plant for the first time, and tectorone I (1) is a new natural product.
Crepis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning on the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in isolated cardiomyocytes in rats with heart failure.Methods Healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats,w eighing 200-220 g,were used in this study.Adriamycin 2.0 mg/kg was injected once a week for 6 weeks via the tail vein to induce heart failure.The cardiomyocytes were isolated from the failing hearts of rats and seeded in 24-well plates or in 60 mm diameter dishes.The cells were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (group C); group H/R;morphine preconditioning group (group MP).The cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere in group C.After being exposed to hypoxic air (5％ CO2-95％ N2) for 90 min,the cells were returned to the high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10％ newborn bovine serum and were then cultured for 120 min in H/R and MP groups.In group M,the cells were cultured in morphine culture medium (final concentration of morphine 0.3 μmol/L) for 10 min and then were returned to the culture medium without morphine and cultured for 30 min immediately before hypoxia.At 120 min of reoxygenation,the cells of 8 wells in each group were chosen to detect the cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (by Typan blue staining).All the RNAs were extracted from the cardiomyocytes of the left 8 wells in each group and subjected to miRNA microarray to screen differentially expressed miRNAs.Results The cell viability was significantly lower,the activity of LDH was higher,the expression of miR-6216 and let7e-5p was higher,and the expression of miR-133b-5p was lower in H/R and MP groups than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with H/R group,the cell viability was significantly increased,the activity of LDH was decreased,the expression of miR-133b-5p was up-regulated,and the expression of miR-6216 and let-7e-5p was down-regulated in MP group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine preconditioning reduces H/R injury to isolated cardiomyocytes in rats with heart failure through regulating the expression of miRNAs such as miR133b-5p,miR-6216 and let-7e-5p.

Objective:To search for a method for radical resection of pancreatic and duodenal malignancy involving the mesentery root and for the long post-operation survival of patients.Methods:From Jan.2004 to Aug.2006,a total of 26(16 male and 10 female. aged 27-70)patients with pancreatic and duodenal malignancy involving the mesentery root were treated in our department.The patients included 3 with duodenal malignancy and 23 with pancreatic malignancy.Curative resection was performed by the extended pancreaticoduodenetomy(Whipple procedure)combined with mesentery root resection(MRR)for all patients.The outcomes,safety and the post-operation survival rate were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Thirteen patients were treated with Whipple procedures combined with MRR,9 were treated with partial portal vein/superior mesenteric vein(PV/SMV)and reconstruction of the vessel,and 4 patients received pre-shunt between PV and SMV with artificial vessel graft before the extended Whipple and MRR procedures.The operation time was 2.5 to 7(4.4?1.1)hour,and blood loss was 300 to 5 000(1892?1414)ml with the blood transfusion of 0 to 5 600(2 100?1 586)ml.There was no death in our group and 7(27%)had post-operation complication.The post-operation hospital stay was 10 to 30 days.The pathologic examination showed negative surgical margins for all specimens.The tumor size was 4 to 10 (6.17?2.03)cm.After a follow-up of 9 to 38 months,the pain was relieved in all patients.One of the 3 patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma had liver metastasis at 10 months after operation,and the other 2 survived 10 months and 27 months without evidence of tumor reccurence.The patient with pancreatic micro-adenocarcinoma died of local reccurence 9 months after operation.The patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma died of organ failure 24 months after operation.The patient with lymphoma have survived for 24 months after operation.The 1-year and 2-year accumulated survival rates in the 20 cases with pancreatic ductal cancer were 86.6% and 45.6%. respectively.Conclusion:The extended Whipple procedure with MRR is safe and effective.It can obtain R0 resection in patients with malignant tumors(over 5 cm in diameter)in the head,neck and uncinate process of the pancreas and duodenal.

Objective To evaluate the role of 131I SPECT/CT in post-surgical re-staging and recurrence risk stratification in patients with DTC and its impact on subsequent treatment strategy.Methods 131I-WBS and 131I SPECT/CT were performed at the same time 5 to 7 d after 131I treatment in 118 patients (33 males,85 females,average age 45 years) with DTC.Difference in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of 131I uptake lesions between 131I-WBS and 131I SPECT/CT were compared.Value of 131I SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of TNM staging,risk stratification and impact on the treatment strategy was evaluated.Paired χ2 test was used for data analysis.Results A total of 509 foci with 131I uptake were detected.131I-WBS found 449 foci with 131I uptake,354 of which (78.84％) were correctly diagnosed.131I SPECT/CT found 509 foci with 131I uptake,and 504(99.02％) were correctly diagnosed.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=21.51,P<0.01).131I-WBS changed the clinical staging in 13 cases with diagnostic accuracy of 5/13.131I SPECT/CT changed the clinical staging in 19 cases and with diagnostic accuracy of 19/19 (χ2=74.41,P<0.01).131I-WBS changed the risk stratification of 13 patients after operation and the accuracy was 5/13,the corresponding data were 22 and 100％(22/22) for 131I SPECT/CT (χ2=74.41,P<0.01).The treatment strategy was changed in 50 patients with 131I SPECT/CT.Conclusions Compared with 131I-WBS,131I SPECT/CT could provide more accurate positioning and qualitative information for 131I treatment and is more accurate in re-staging and risk stratification.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and security of mechanical thrombectomy with SolitaireAB stent system in acute superior mesenteric artery embolism(SMAE).Methods The clinical data of 5 cases who had undergone mechanical thrombectomy with SolitaireAB stent system under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were analyzed retrospectively.Results A successful thrombus removal of superior mesenteric arterial by SolitaireAB stent system was observed in the whole 5 patients.The patients had recovered well after operation and no complications such as arterial dissection,perforation and hemorrhage or intestinal ischemia occurred.Conclusion The arterial mechanical thrombectomy with SolitaireAB stent system are characterized with high rate of recanalization,fine security,minimal invasion and less complications in patients with acute superior mesenteric arterial embolism.

Objective To analyze the consistency of the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer,Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer and optical microscope in detecting urine erythrocyte.Methods The fresh urine specimens from 427 patients were randomly extracted and tested by the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer,urine dry chemistry analyzer and OLUMPUS Arkray AX-4030 optical microscope.Then the consistency of the results for detecting urine erythrocyte was compared among three kinds of detection method.Results With the microscopic examination as control,the sensitivity and spe-cificity of the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer for detecting urine erythrocyte were 82.84% and 86.35% re-spectively,which of the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer were 89.55% and 83.96% respectively.There was a high consistency between the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the optical microscope for detecting urine e-rythrocyte and the Kappa value was 0.580.There was also a high consistency between the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer and the optical microscope for detecting urine erythrocyte and the Kappa value was 0.625,while the consistency between the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer was weaker and the Kappa value was 0.324.Conclusion With the detection by the SYSMEX UF1000i automatic urinary sediment analyzer and the Arkray AX-4030 urine dry chemistry analyzer as a screening test,it should need to combine with the optical microscopy to conduct recheck for providing the effective and reliable test results quickly and accurately.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDC) in peripheral blood and renal tissues in children with Henoch-SchSnlein purpura(HSP),and explore the role of pDCs in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schtnlein purpura nephritis(HSPN).Methods Among the 40 children with HSP,28 cases were in the active phase(renal biopsy performed in 8 cases of them) and the other 12 in remission phase.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated,and the expression of pDC was detected by flow cytometry.The normal control group was established (n =15).Total RNA of peripheral blood was extracted and transcripted into cDNA.Sybr green dye based real-time quantitative PCR method was used to compare the expression(indicated as 2-△Ct value) of CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10),CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5),chemokine CXC subfamily receptor 3 (CXCR3),CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in children with HSP and those in the controls.Immunohistochemistry labeling technique was used to detect the distribution of pDC in renal tissues from renal biopsy,and the normal controls were established (n =3).Results The expression percentage of pDC in peripheral blood in active phase was 0.051 ± 0.039,significantly lower than those in remission phase (0.181 ± 0.082) and the normal controls (0.166 ± 0.079) (P ＜ 0.000 1).Chemokines genes CXCL10 and CCL5 were overexpressed in peripheral blood ceils of acute phase HSP children,but chemokine receptors CXCR3,CCR5 were lowly expressed compared with normal controls.There was almost no expression of pDC in the normal control renal tissues,while pDC was infiltrated in glomeruli of HSPN children.Conclusions The number of pDC and chemokines' expression in peripheral blood is abnormal,and the pathogenesis of nephritis may be involved with the pDC in peripheral blood to migrate to the renal tissues.

Objective To elaborate the role of hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in acute liver injury.Methods A model of acute liver injury in mice was induced via intraperitoneally injection of CCl 4 .Af-ter CCl4 injection, analysis of the expression of CD45, F4/80, Ly6C and CD11b on the hepatic macrophage surface was performed by flow cytometry at 24, 48 and 72 h before the hepatic inherent macrophages (CD45+F4/80hi) and monocyte-de-rived macrophages ( CD45+F4/80 lo ) were sorted at the same time .The relative expression of cytokines in the two popula-tions of macrophages was detected by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with control , the number of total F4/80 +cells in the liver was markedly increased after CCl 4 injection, especially at 72 h.The number of CD45+F4/80lo cells increased signifi-cantly after CCl4 injection 24 h.The mRNA levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-12 and MMP-13 were elevated significantly both in F 4/80 hi and F4/80 lo macrophages .IL-12βand IL-6 mRNA levels increased significantly only in F4/80hi macrophages, while the level of MMP-9 mRNA increased markedly only in F4/80lo macropha-ges.When compared with F4/80lo macrophages, MCP-1 and MMP-12 mRNA levels were elevated significantly , while the level of TNF-αmRNA decreased significantly in F4/80hi macrophages.Conclusion In acute liver injury, hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages both express inflammatory cytokines , promoting inflammation response and leading to liver damage .The ability to recruit inflammatory monocytes into the liver is much stronger ,the expression of in-flammatory cytokines ( IL-12βand IL-6 ) and MMP-12 is higher , but the expression of inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α) MMP-9 is lower in hepatic inherent macrophages than in monocyte-derived macrophages .

Objective To study the association between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han population of Shanghai. Methods In this case-control study , 1 234 cases of T2DM patients were recruited and 1 272 healthy individuals were selected as control. Five ml of blood sample was collected from each subject ,from which the whole genomic DNA was extracted.The polymorphism was detected by the Taqman technology. Result Significant association was observed in TGF-β1 T896C genotypes and alleles with T2DM (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.004, OR = 1.18 [1.05 ~ 1.33], respectively). Conclusion The polymorphism of T896C in TGF-β1 gene may be associated with T2DM in Han population from Shanghai.