Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; Rituximab ; Treatment Outcome

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; genetics ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phytotherapy ; Presenilin-1 ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the medical efficiency of sample hospitals in Sanming city before and after Sanming health care reform.Methods One tertiary hospital,two general county hospitals and two TCM county hospitals in Sanming were sampled for the study.Two dimensions(the intensity index of medical work and work efficiency index)were selected.In addition,six indexes were identified,namely the number of discharged patients,number of outpatients and emergency diagnostics,doctor′s daily workload per capita for inpatients,bed turnover times,bed utilization rate and average days of stay.Descriptive trend analysis and comprehensive index method were applied in turn to evaluate the longitudinal changes in medical efficiency at the sample hospitals before and after the medical reform.Results The five sample hospitals in Sanming were found with less days of stay in average,and three were found with year-by-year rise of medical efficiency index,with one of them rising from 1.57 to 2.42.Conclusions Sanming′s health care reform has effectively improved internal operational efficiency at the sample hospitals,and has well addressed the relationship of medical service efficiency and scale expansion.On the other hand,the relationship between work intensity and medical efficiency needs to be further balanced,resource allocation to be further optimized,and more priority to be put in the development of TCM hospitals.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; methods ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo confirm the inhibitory effect of Chinese herbs of acid taste on melanin synthesis.

METHODSActive ingredients of 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid tastes were extracted by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, alcohol extraction, and water extraction, respectively, which was then dispensed into 25.00, 12.50, and 6.25 g/L suspension. Their effects on activities of tyrosinase were detected using mushroom-tyrosinase-DOPA speed oxidation. Their inhibition rates on activities of tyrosinase were respectively compared with inhibition rates of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mmol/L arbutin.

RESULTSThe 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid taste included Cornus Officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Achyranthes Bidentata, Sanguisorba officinalis L., Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Herba Ecliptae, blueberry, immature bitter orange, submature bitter orange, Prunus mume Var, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Fructus Mori, Pomegranate Rind, white paeony root, Rosa laevigata Michx., Portulaca oleracea L, Terminalia chebula Retz, Rhus chinensis Mill. Their alkaline extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (88.49% ± 9.98%) was got by dark plum fruit at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (11.22% ± 3.36%) was got by immature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their alcohol extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (75.92% ± 5.57%) was got by Hovenia acerba Lindl. at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (9.60% ± 1.15%) was got by submature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their water extractions all had inhibition on activities of tyrosinase. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (54.23% ± 3.56%) was got by Fructus Mori at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (10.25% ± 1.83%) was got by Semen Ziziphi Spinosae at 6.25 g/L. Compared with 1 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alkaline extractions of dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Rhus chinensis Mill., Rosa laevigata Michx., blueberry, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Portulaca oleracea L, Fructus Mori, Achyranthes Bidentata, Pomegranate Rind; alcohol extractions of dark plum fruit, Rhus chinensis Mill., Pomegranate Rind, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Crataegus pinnatifida, Achyranthes Bidentata; water extractions of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, blueberry, and Fructus Mori at 25 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with 0.5 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alcohol extraction of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne and alcohol extraction of dark plum fruit at 12.5 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbs of acid taste could inhibit melanin synthesis, and its mechanism was related to inhibiting activities of tyrosinase.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Melanins ; metabolism ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Schisandra ; Taste

objective To examine nuclear transIocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)in rats following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R),and to explore the significance of altered PPARγ,nuclear translocation in ischemic brain injury.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats underwent 60-min cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion of 4,8,or 24 h,respectively.The cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling of PPARγ was characterized by Western blot,immunohistochemical and immunofluoreseence staining.The effects of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Ros) and antagonist GW9662 on I/R-induced PPARγ nuclear translocation were also examined in the present study. Furthermore,TTC staining war adopted to determine the change in cerebral infarction volume. Results (1)Western blot analysis revealed an increase of PPARγ in the nucleus and a simultaneous reduction in the cytosol following ischemia and reperfusion for 4 h(tcytosol=9.03,tmuclear=27.19,P=0.00).Prolonged the reperfusion further enhanced this I/R induced PPARγ translocation in a time-dependent manner.Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence,nuclear PPAR γ positive staining increased from 48.3%in the sham control to 80.3% following ischemia and reperfusion for 24 h.(2)Western blot analysis revealed that PPARγ agonist Ros further increased I/R-induced nuclear enrichment of PPARγ,whereas PPARγ antagonist GW9662inhibited I/R-stimulated change in PPARγ.(3)When compared to the L/R group using TTC staining,Ros treatment significantly decreased the infarction volume by 48.40%(15.46±4.94 versus 29.96±3.39,t=5.93.P=0.00),whereas GW9662 increased by 58.95%(47.62±4.93 versus 29.96±3.39,t=7.23,P=0.00).Conclusions Cerebral I/R injury induces PPARγ translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus.This change may represent an intrinsic neuroprotective response against brain I/R injury.

BACKGROUND:It is crucial for us to find an objective and sensitive means for the assessment ofthe severitv and development of dementia,so as to make instant diagnosis and examination of therapeutic effect on patientswith vascular dementias(VD).Event related potential endogenetic eomponent P300 is proved closely correlated with the cognitive management of examinees but not with stimulus property,thereby considered as one of the most valuable and objective index for brain superior psychological activity.OBJECTIVE:To study the role and significance of events related potential P300,providing objective basis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic assessment for patients with VD.DESIGN:Non-randomized simultaneous controlled explorative study based on patients. SETTING:Neurological department and electromyography department in aprovincial hospital and neurological department in a medical college hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Between February 2000 and June 2001,64 patients were of VD at neurological clinic and ward ofthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical College,including 38 males and 26 females with theaverage age of(66.0±4.6)years(VD group).Culturallevel:19 cases re-ceiyed over senior school education,31 cases of junior school education and14 cases of illiteracy.Meanwhile 60 inpatients without VD were enrolled(non-VD group)including 35 males and 25 females withthe average age of(68.0±3.7)years.Culturallevel:senior school or above,15 cases,junior school, 29 cases and illiteracy,16 cases.METHODS:Mental sate of both VD and non-VD groups were assessed with mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and tested with P300 potential observing the variability of latency and amplitude of P300 in patients.Both methods were compared between VD group and non-VD group, moreover relationship between P300 latency and MMSE scores was also explored.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Variability of P300 latency and amplitude Relationship between P300 latency and MMSE scores.RESULTS:P300 latency was found prolonged in 74% and 7% of VD group and non-VD group respectively,with obvious significance between them,meanwhile prolonged P300 latency was proved closely correlated with the MMSE scores(r=0.609 6,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:P300 latency can be considered as an obiective predictor for the earlier diagnosis and the assessment of therapeutic effects in patients with VD.

Objective To investigate neuroprotective function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone against reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice model.Methods To establish cerebral isebemia-reperfusion injury mice model, adult male mice underwent 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22 hours reperfusion (MCAO/R). One hour before MCAO/R, mice were treated with either vehicle (MCAO/R group) or rosiglitazone (6 mg/kg, rosiglitazone group). 2,3,5-triphenyhetrazolium chloride (TIC) staining was applied to determine the volume of cerebralinfarction.TheneurologicaldeficitwasscoredatZeaLonga 5-pointscale. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured in brain tissue as an index of neutrophil accumulation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to examine the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, IL-1β and COX-2).Results (1) The volume of cerebral infarction in rosiglitazone group was significantly decreased from that of MCAO/R group ( 29. 1 ± 6. 6 vs 57.8 ± 9. 7 ,t = 5. 980, P < 0. 01 ), and rosiglitazone markedly improved neurological function in treated mice than MCAO/R mice(1.2 +0.4 vs 3.3 ±0.8, t =5.812, P<0.01). (2) Compared with MCAO/R group, MPO activity in the rosiglitazone-treated group was significantly lower ((0. 049 + 0. 005 ) U/g vs (0. 083 ±0. 008) U/g,t =5. 904, P <0. 01 ). (3) The mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, IL-1β and COX-2) in rosiglitazone group were also significantly decreased from those in MCAO/R group, as demonstrated by RT-PCR (0.313 ±0.024, 0.205 ±0.007, 0.359 ±0.060, t = 7.464, 19.656, 29.319, P <0.01, respectively) and Western blot (0.274±0.014, 0.205±0.025, 0. 146±0.015, t=79.909, 21.392, 95. 105, P<0.01, respectively). ConclusionThe present study suggests that PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, has neureprotective properties to cerebral ischemia-reperfusian injury and that the protection is partially mediated via anti-inflarmmatory actions.

Objective To isolate cancer stem cells from human colon cancer cell line CW-2,and observe the biological characteristics.Methods The percentage of CD44＋EpCAM＋ cancer stem cells which were isolated by multi-combination method was evaluated by flow-cytometry.The biological characteristics of the stem cells were analyzed by cell cycle analysis,in vitro invasion assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay.Results The percentage of CD44＋EpCAM＋ cancer stem cells was 89.57%,and their capabilities of generation,invasion,tumorigenicity were higher than non-cancer stem cells（P 0.05）.Conclusion CD44＋EpCAM＋ cancer stem cells showed low generation,high invasiveness,high tumorigenesis,and they could be isolated by multi-combination.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen in order to detect its clinical characters and the significance of them in them occurrence and development of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.Methods 42 tissues of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms were selected by pathological diagnosis in the department of pathology of the PLA general hospital from May 1993 to October 2007.The 10 samples of control group were obtained from simple appendicitis after surgery.Applied PV6000 immunohistochemical method,the expressions of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen were detected.Results The expression of p53 protein in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms was higher than that in appendicitis tissue [31.0 ％ (13/42) vs 0 (0/10),x2 =4.127,P =0.042).The positive rate of p53 protein in appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma was higher than that in low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm tissue (40.0 ％ vs 8.3 ％,x2 =4.0218,P =0.044).The positive rate of p53 protein in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms tissue with pseudomyxoma peritonei was higher than that in tissue without PMP (45.5 ％ vs 15.0 ％,x2 =4.5464,P =0.033).The expression of Ki-67 antigen in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms was higher than that in appendicitis tissue (45.2 ％ vs 10.0 ％,x2 =4.2374,P =0.039).Considering the different factors (such as gender,age,pathological type and PMP),Ki-67 antigen expressions were still not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).In appendiceal mucinous neoplasms,the difference of positive rates of Ki-67 between the p53 positive expression group and the p53 negative group was statistically significant (x2 =7.6299,P =0.0057).Conclusion The expression of p53 protein was correlated with the expression of Ki-67 antigen.It's valuable that both p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen are used to evaluate the biological behavior of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and predict the malignant degree.