BACKGROUND:No studies currently focus on the measurement of daily water loss under certain physical activity level continuously and precisely.
OBJECTIVE:To provide evidence for daily water requirement in Chinese young men based on the measurement of the daily water loss in Chinese young men under moderate physical activity.
METHODS:Twenty male subjects were enroled, and 23-hour whole-body sweat loss and urine output were measured using high-precision body weighting scale in whole-room indirect calorimeter. The results were converted to daily (24-hour) water requirement to determine the daily water requirement. Daily whole-body sweat loss per unit body weight, daily whole-body sweat loss per unit fat free mass and daily whole-body sweat loss per unit surface area were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In Chinese young men, daily water loss was (3 339.7±509.9) g, daily urine output was (1 982.9±449.5) g and daily whole-body sweat loss was (1 356.7±215.6) g. There was a linear correlation between water intake and water loss (r=0.616,P < 0.05). Daily whole-body sweat loss per unit body weight was (21.0±3.6) g/kg, daily whole-body sweat loss per unit fat free mass was (25.8±3.9) g/kg and daily whole-body sweat loss per unit surface area was (799.4±129.4) g/m2. Daily water requirement of Chinese young men under moderate physical activity is approximately 3 340g, and moreover, water loss increases with the increase of water intake.

OBJECTIVETo review and evaluate pathologic features and treatment of epithelial-myoepithelial.

METHODSRetrospectively reviewed 14 cases' pathological and clinical materials of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland. Eight cases origine from parotid gland, 2 cases from hard palate, 3 cases from submandibular gland and 1 case from nasal cavity. Three cases were performed induction chemotherapy preoperation. One case had palliative radiotherapy. Thirteen cases were performed radical surgery and 6 cases had radiotherapy postoperation.

RESULTSTumor arisen mostly from parotid gland and neck lymph node metastasis rate was 14.28% (2/14). The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. The overall 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rate were 67.20%, 45.49% and 17.06%. Its histological characteristics were inner layer composed by adenoid cells and outer layer composed by myoepithelial cells. Immunohistochemical exam show cytokeratin, S-100 and actin reaction positive.

CONCLUSIONSEpithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma easily develops recurrence. It is sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy to some extent. It is suitable to adopt surgical treatment as primary modality combined with other therapies.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoepithelioma ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Salivary Glands ; pathology

Objective To explore the clinical application value of electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy combined with laparoscope and choledochoscope in treatment of intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis treated by laparoscope and choledochoscope(control group) in hepatobiliary surgery department of affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical university from May 2012 to December 2015,and patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis treated by electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy combined with laparoscope and choledochoscope (combined group) from January 2016 to February 2017,were retrospectively analyzed.The rate of transferring to laparotomy (transfer to laparotomy due to inflammatory adhesion or difficulty to remove),residual rate of choledocholithiasis,incidence of bile leakage and incidence of common bile duct stricture between two groups were compared.Results All patients in both groups were recovered.In the control group,there were 6 cases(6/42) transferred to laparotomy,among which 2 cases were transferred to laparotomy due to severe abdominal inflammatory adhesion and 4 cases were due to the difficulty to remove the calculus,without bile leakage or common bile duct stricture.There were 3 cases with residual choledocholithiasis,but without bile leakage or common bile duct stricture.In the combined group,there were 2 cases(2/42) transferred to laparotomy due to severe abdominal inflammatory adhesion and 5 cases used the technique of electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy without post-operation residual choledocholithiasis,bile leakage or bile duct stricture.In the control group,the residual choledocholithiasis was removed with T tube fistula choledochoscope.Conclusion In the process of minimally invasive surgery to treat intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis,electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy under laparoscope and choledochoscope can decrease the incidence of transferring to laparotomy due to the difficulty to remove calculus and the residual rate of calculus.It can be applied safely and efficiently to patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis but with laparoscopic surgery indications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of the island flap based on the postfemur neurocutaneous nutrient vessel.

METHODSThe flap was designed and applied to repair the defects in the gluteal, popliteal fossa or the bilateral postfemur areas. A total of 11 cases (12 defects) were treated with this method. The size of the defects ranged from 4.0 cm x 7.8 cm to 8.3 cm x 16.6 cm.

RESULTSOf the 12 defects, 9 achieved complete success. Epidermal necrosis occurred in the distal part of the flap in 3 defects owing to venous stasis, which were cured with skin grafting. Postoperative follow-up for 8-19 months showed that the appearance, texture, and function of the flap were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSThe advantages of the flap lie in the reliable blood supply, constant anatomy, and without sacrificing a major artery. The key points for the flap survival are utilizing the "Superficial vein-nutrient vessel of the cutaneous nerve system" and retaining a comet tail-shaped soft-tissue pedicle in the flap creation.

Arteries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Necrosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Skin ; injuries ; pathology ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; pathology ; transplantation ; Thigh ; Wound Healing

Objective To assess the surgical and rehabilitation effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) through comparing changes of gait parameters in patients before and after THA.MethodsThe gaits of 7 THA patients during their natural walking before THA and in the 25th week after THA were tested by using a portable gait analyzer (IDEEA, MiniSun, USA). The gait parameters including single limb support (SLS) time, double-limb support (DLS) time, SLS/DLS, stride length, foot fall strength were collected for statistic analysis by SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2010. Results The SLS of the healthy leg after THA significantly decreased (P<0.05); for the majority of THA patients, the SLS of the diseased leg decreased, the DLS and SLS/DLS of the healthy leg also decreased obviously, while the foot fall strength of the diseased leg increased after THA. Conclusions The SLS of the healthy leg can be used as a sensitive parameter to evaluate the operation effect of THA. The portable gait analysis system can quantitatively reflect the subject’s gait, thus it is a non-invasive and convenient method of evaluating the operation effect in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between position of head, cervical curvature type and associated cervical balance parameters in a neutral looking-forward posture.

METHODSCervical lateral X-rays of 60 patients with cervical spondylosis were selected from January to December 2015. There were 22 males and 38 females with an average age of (35.5±10.9) years old. The measured parameters included cervical curvature type, McGregor slope, C2 lower end plate slope, T1 slope, center of gravity to C7 sagittal vertical offset (CG-C7 SVA), and C2 to C7 sagittal vertical offset (C2-C7 SVA). The parameters were analyzed using Spearman correlation.

RESULTSThe cervical curvature type was significantly correlated with C2 lower endplate slope, C0-C2 angle (total degree of C2 lower endplate slope plus McGregor slope), CG-C7 SVA and T1 slope (<0.05), but it was not significantly correlated McGregor slope (>0.05). C2 lower endplate slope and C2-C7 SVA (r=0.87) were significantly (<0.05) correlated with CG-C7 SVA (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere was certain some relationship among position of head, cervical curvature type and associated cervical balance parameters in a neutral looking-forward posture. The center of gravity of the head would backwards shift following faced upward. A position of extension with posterior-shifting of the head would suggest that it may be accompanied with a relatively normal lordosis of the cervical spine. Some patients with abnormal curvature showed slightly bended head in the natural posture. Health education toward these people would be meaningful to restore the balance of their neck.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix(wind medicine) on the expression of AQP4 and AQP8 in colonic mucosa in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC). A total of 35 healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group(gavaged with normal saline), DSS model group, as well as low, middle, and high dose wind medicine groups(Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia 1∶1, gavaged at dosages of 6, 12, and 24 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), with 7 in each group. UC rat model was established by free drinking of 3% dextran sulphate sodium(DSS) solution for 10 days. At the end of the 10 th day after the treatment, mice were put to death to collect colonic mucosa. The length of colon was measured; the colonic mucosal injury index(CMDI) and pathological changes of colon were observed. ELISA method was used for measuring the content of serum IL-1, IL-8, and immunohistochemical method was used to measure AQP4, AQP8 protein expressions in colon mucosa. The expressions of AQP4, AQP8 mRNA were measured by Real-time PCR. As compared with the normal group, the length of colon tissue was significantly reduced(P<0.01), CMDI scores and pathological scores were significantly increased(P<0.01), the levels of serum IL-1 and IL-8 were significantly increased(P<0.05) in model group; the immunohistochemical results showed that the protein expressions of AQP4, AQP8 were lower; the color was light yellow or brown; AQP4, AQP8 mRNA expressions in colon mucosa were significantly decreased in model group(P<0.01). CMDI scores, pathological scores, and the levels of serum IL-1, IL-8 in high, middle, low dose wind medicine groups were obvious lower than those in the model group(P<0.01 or P<0.05); the protein expressions of AQP4, AQP8 were higher; the color was chocolate brown or dark brown; the length of colon tissue, and the expressions of AQP4, AQP8 mRNA were obvious higher in wind medicine groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Schizonepetae Herba and Saposhnikoviae Radix could significantly improve the symptoms and histopathology of UC model rats and accelerate the intestinal mucosal healing. The mechanism may be related with up-regulating the expression level of AQP4 and AQP8 in colonic mucosa.
Animals ; Apiaceae ; Aquaporin 4 ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; Rats

Objective: To Summarize the safety, clinical outcome and technical evolution of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 3012 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from January 2010 to March 2022 at Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Case inclusion criteria were gastric malignancies confirmed by pathology, without distant metastasis by examination before operation and exploration during operation, patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, intact function of important organs and with complete data. Exclusion criteria were patients who underwent emergency gastric cancer resection due to gastric bleeding, perforation or obstruction, etc., tumor found to invade adjacent organs such as pancreas or transverse colon during the operation, conversion to open surgery during the operation, those who had other malignant tumors (except thyroid cancer) within 5 years, and those had severe cardiopulmonary, liver, or kidney insufficiency before surgery. Outcomes included: (1) baseline information of patients; (2) trend of the quantity of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy year by year; (3) evolution of the mode of digestive tract reconstruction; (4) periopertive outcome short-term complication was defined as complication occurring within 30 days after operation and classified accordiny to the clavien-Dindo criteria; and (5) 5-year overall survival. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Continuous variables that obeyed the normal distribution were expressed in the form of Mean±SD. Days of hospital stay that did not follow a normal distribution were expressed as median (Q₁,Q₃), and the Mann-Whiney U test was used for comparison. Discrete variables were expressed as cases (%), and chi-square test or rank sum test was used for comparison between groups. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the amount of surgery and the year of surgery. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Two-tailed P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the 3012 cases, 2114 were male and 898 were female. The patients' average age at surgery was (61.1±10.7) years old. According to the number of cumulative cases, the patients were divided into three groups: early, intermediate and late, with 1004 patients in each group. The early group consisted of patients undergoing operation from January 2010 to October 2018, the intermediate group consisted of patients undergoing operation from October 2018 to January 2021, and the late group consisted of patients undergoing operation from January 2021 to March 2022. (1) General information: There were 691 (68.8%), 699 (69.6%) and 724 (72.1%) male patients in early, intermediate and late groups respectively; the average age increased from 56.6 years in 2010 to 62.8 years in March 2022. As for the tumor stage T1, T2, T3, T4, there were 49.0%, 14.4%, 23.9% and 12.6% in the early group; 47.5%, 12.9%, 26.9% and 12.6% in the intermediate group; 39.7%, 14.6%, 30.0%, and 15.6% in the late group, respectively. Patients with N0, N1, N2, N3a, N3b stage were 56.8%, 13.7%, 13.4%, 11.0%, and 5.0% in the early group; 55.7%, 12.9%, 12.8%, 11.6%, and 6.9% in the intermediate group; 51.0%, 16.1%, 12.8%, 12.5%, and 7.5% in the late group, respectively. (2) Year-by-year change in the number of gastric cancer operations: From 19 cases per year in 2010 to 786 per year in 2021, the annual number of gastric cancer operations was proportional to the year of operation (y=47.505x, R²=0.67). The proportion of patients with stage I disease showed a fluctuating downward trend over time, while the proportion of patients with stage III disease increased slightly, accounting for 34% until March 2022. (3) Evolution of digestive tract reconstruction methods: Except in 2010, the digestive tract reconstruction method of distal gastrectomy focused on Billroth-II+Braun anastomosis among patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in other years, whose proportion had gradually increased from less than 20% in 2016 to about 70% after 2021; the gastrointestinal reconstruction methods after total gastrectomy had gradually increased in π anastomosis and overlap anastomosis since 2016, of which π anastomosis reached about 65% in 2019, and overlap anastomosis reached almost 30% in 2020; the anastomosis methods after proximal gastrectomy had been mainly double-channel anastomosis (54%) and esophagogastric anastomosis (30%) since 2016, and double-channel anastomosis accounted for up to 70% in 2019. (4) Operation time: The operation time of early, intermediate and late group was (193.3±49.8) min, (186.9±44.3) min and (206.7±51.4) min respectively. Intermediate group was significantly shorter than early group (t=3.005, P=0.003), while late group was significantly longer than early group (t=5.875, P<0.001) and intermediate group (t=9.180, P<0.001). (5) Postoperative hospital stay: The median length of hospital stay for gastric cancer patients in early, intermediate and late groups was 9 (8, 11) d, 8 (7, 10) d, and 8 (7.5, 10) d respectively. The postoperative hospital stay of intermediate group and late group was significantly shorter than that of early group (Z=-12.467, Z=-5.981, both P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between intermediate group and late group (Z=0.415,P=0.678). (6) Postoperative complication: The morbidity of short-term complication in early, intermediate and late group was 20.4% (205/1004), 16.2% (163/1004), and 16.2% (162/1004) respectively, and above morbidity of intermediate group and late group was significantly lower than that of early group (χ²=5.869, P=0.015; χ²=6.165, P=0.013), while there was no significant difference between intermediate group and late group (χ²=0.004,P=0.952). The morbidity of short-term complication of grade IIIor higher was 8.0% (80/1004), 7.6% (76/1004), and 4.9% (49/1004) in early, intermediate and late group respectively, and above morbidity of late group was significantly lower than that of early and intermediate group (χ²=7.965, P=0.005; χ²=6.219,P=0.013), while there was no significant difference between intermediate group and early group (χ²=0.111,P=0.739). (7) Survival analysis: The follow-up deadline for survival data was December 31, 2021, and the median follow-up time was 29.5 months. The overall 5-year survival rate of all the patients was 74.7%. The 5-year survival rates of stage I, II and III patients were 92.0%, 77.2%, and 40.3% respectively and 5-year survival rates of patients with stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC were 93.2%, 87.8%, 81.1%, 72.7%, 46.2%, 37.1%, and 34.0% respectively. Conclusions: The number of laparoscopic gastric cancer operation in our center is increasing year by year. With the maturity of laparoscopic technology, the morbidity of complication in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery is decreasing.
Aged ; Data Analysis ; Female ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Peptides that are composed of dextrorotary (d)-amino acids have gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic class. However, our understanding of the in vivo fate of d-peptides is limited. This highlights the need for whole-body, quantitative tracking of d-peptides to better understand how they interact with the living body. Here, we used mouse models to track the movement of a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeting d-dodecapeptide antagonist (DPA) using positron emission tomography (PET). More specifically, we profiled the metabolic routes of [⁶⁴Cu]DPA and investigated the tumor engagement of [⁶⁴Cu/⁶⁸Ga]DPA in mouse models. Our results revealed that intact [⁶⁴Cu/⁶⁸Ga]DPA was primarily eliminated by the kidneys and had a notable accumulation in tumors. Moreover, a single dose of [⁶⁴Cu]DPA effectively delayed tumor growth and improved the survival of mice. Collectively, these results not only deepen our knowledge of the in vivo fate of d-peptides, but also underscore the utility of d-peptides as radiopharmaceuticals.

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is predominately localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane in steroidogenic cells. Brain TSPO expression is relatively low under physiological conditions, but is upregulated in response to glial cell activation. As the primary index of neuroinflammation, TSPO is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this context, numerous TSPO-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed. Among them, several radioligands have advanced to clinical research studies. In this review, we will overview the recent development of TSPO PET tracers, focusing on the radioligand design, radioisotope labeling, pharmacokinetics, and PET imaging evaluation. Additionally, we will consider current limitations, as well as translational potential for future application of TSPO radiopharmaceuticals. This review aims to not only present the challenges in current TSPO PET imaging, but to also provide a new perspective on TSPO targeted PET tracer discovery efforts. Addressing these challenges will facilitate the translation of TSPO in clinical studies of neuroinflammation associated with central nervous system diseases.