Pleiotrophin, discovered in 1989, was thought as a muhi-funetional growth factor; It plays an important role in tumor occurrence and central neural system. The latest research showed pleiotrophin signal pathway probably takes part in neural repair after peripheral nerve injury, especially in the followed crisis point, such as the protection of spinal cord neuron, the promotion of the speed of neuron axon regeneration, the guidance of neuron axon regeneration, skeleton muscle reirmervation. It potentially makes a key role in the guidance of neural axon regeneration in peripheral neural system and muscle reianervation. Along with the related researches go deep, pleiotrophin gene might become a controllable target for promoting the result of peripheral neural repair and reconstructing the neuromuscular junction.

Child ; Digestive System ; metabolism ; Glutamine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immune System ; metabolism ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; physiology

Objective To isolate and identify exosomes from human serum , explore the feasibility of detecting exosomal miRNA in human serum.Methods Retrospective study.Serum samples from 10 healthy individuals in January 2013 were randomly selected.Besides, from January 2013 to December 2014, serum samples from prostate cancer(PCa) patients (n=20), benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) patients ( n=20 ) and healthy controls ( n=20 ) were selected.Exosomes were isolated from these serum samples using ExoQuick , and then identified by using transmission electron microscopy , NanoSight nano particle analyzer and Western Blot for morphology and molecular phenotype.The quality of exosomal RNA was analyzed using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser.Then quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) was carried out to detect miRNAs in different components of human serum ,and nonparametric tests were used for difference analysis.Results Exosomes isolated from human serum showed round or oval vesicles, mainly in diameter 40-100 nm, and with maximum peak distribution of 58 nm.Moreover, they expressed HSP70 and four transmembrane protein CD 63.Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer results showed that the major RNA component of exosome was about 25nt small RNA.qRT-PCR confirmed that 4 normal miRNAs were expressed in human serum exosome , and the expression of miRNAs in exosome pellets were higher than the whole serum (miR-21, U =16,P =0.007 2; miR-16, U =3,P<0.000 1; miR-20a, U =2,P <0.000 1;let-7a, U=13,P=0.003 2) and exosome-depleted supernatant ( miR-21, U=15,P=0.006 5;miR-16, U=2,P<0.000 1;miR-20a, U=1,P<0.000 1;let-7a, U=10,P=0.002 8).miR-141, the molecular marker of prostate cancer ,were analyzed by qRT-PCR in whole serum samples and serum exosome pellets isolated from the same serum in a cohort of 20 PCa patients , 20 BPH patients and 20 healthy control people.The results showed that , in three groups , exosomal miR-141 expression were all significantly higher than serum circulating miR-141 (Control group, U=66,P=0.000 3; BPH group, U=83,P=0.001 6;PCa group, U=54,P<0.000 1).In addition, the expreession of exosomal miR-141 in PCa patients was significantly higher than BPH patients or healthy controls (3.85 fold, U=74,P=0.000 7 and 4.06 fold, U=70,P=0.000 5).Conclusion Exosome can be efficiently isolated from human serum.Compared with the whole serum , isolation of serum exosome may helpful to improve the detection of circulating miRNA.

Teaching reform is the strong requirement of the times and social development.Immunology department inTaishan Medical College integrated teaching and a variety of extra-curricular teaching,broke the constraints of traditional teaching model in time and space,played the leading role of teachers and inspired students' independent learning,thus improving the teaching effectiveness in immunology.

Objective To study the effects of psychological rehabilitation in the treatment of paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods A hundred paraplegic spinal fracture survivors were divided into a research group and a control group with 50 cases in each.Systematic rehabilitation was given to the patients in the control group,while this was combined with individualized psychological rehabilitation protocols for the patients in the research group.The daily treatment lasted 10 weeks,6 days a week.All of the patients were assessed with the Barthel index (BI),a functional independence measure (FIM),the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) pre-treatment and post-treatment.Results Before the intervention there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in any of the assessments.After ten weeks the average BI,FIM,HAMD and HAMA results in the research group were significantly better than those pre-treatment and also significantly better than those in the control group.Conclusions Psychological rehabilitation can distinctly improve the functioning and psychological state of paraplegic patients after SCI.

Objective To introduce the clinical application of a extensive revense peroneal artery flap in repairing big soft tissue defect in foot, especially in repairing a big defect in distal foot and the exposure of one or more metatarsophalangeal joint. Methods The skin flaps were used in 11 cases to repair the big soft tissue defect in foot, including the distal part of foot. The flap upper boundary may surpass the capitulum fibulae; The lower boundary may reach the back line between external malleolus and internal malleolus; Lat-eral boundary could overrun anterior margin of fibula about 2 cm; Inboard boundary could get to medial mar-gin of gastrocnemius muscle. In attention: the two branch vessels from peroneal vessel in the site of 11-13 cm and of 5-7 cm above the outer anker would be included in the flap. Results Ten of 11 skin flaps survived satisfactory. A small, marginal portion of one flap in one case presented necrosis. Conclusion The reverse peroneal artery flap is easy to elevate and safety, which is an ideal flap for a huge soft tissue defect in foot, especial in the distal part of foot.

This paper illustrates the immunology teaching reform of higher medical education to meet demands of the 21st century. The teaching reform includes cultivating students’humanities quality,scientific consciousness,ability to research and the following-up of immunology progress. According to the teaching practice and the results from the questionnaire,the new teaching model is better than traditional teaching model and is approved by the students.

Objective To study the effect of different psychological rehabilitation time on patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 80 patients with SCI caused by spinal fracture were divided into early psychological rehabilitation group (n=40) and late psychological rehabilitation group (n=40). The routine treatment was administered to both groups, and psychological rehabilitative therapy was also administered immediately and 3 weeks after admission respectively. Their function, psychological state and quality of life were evaluated. Results The scores of modified Barthel index (MBI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and psychology, independence, social relations and the total score in World Health Organizations Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) were higher, and the scores of Hamilton Self-rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) and Hamilton Self-rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) were lower in the early psychological rehabilitation group than in the late psychological rehabilitation group (P<0.05). Conclusion Early psychological rehabilitation is beneficial for functional and psychological state recovery in patients with SCI.

Objective To build a bio-material artificial chest wall and discuss its feasibility and efficiency in reconstruction of huge bony defects of chest wall in mongrels in comparison with traditional "sandwich" procedure. Methods (1) The procine osteal and membranate tissues were treated with epoxy cross linking method and their surfaces were modified with amino acid solutions at various concen-trations and at different temperatures to obtain an artificial pleura and artificial ribs for construction of the artificial chest wall. (2) The huge bony defects (5 cm×5 cm) were created in chest wall of five Chinese mongrels. (3) Three mongrels in test group was repaired with artificial chest wall, while two mongrels in control group was repaired with traditional "sandwich" complex. A follow-up was carried out to observe reconstruction effect and rejection in both groups at 3,6 and 12 months after implantation. Results There was no death found during the perioperative period and at 12 month follow-up in test group, with abnormal contour of chest wall and good thoracic activity after reconstruction. In the meantime, there found no rejection, collapse in the repaired region or paradoxical respiration. The postoperative X-rays at 3,6,12 and 24 months showed a good integrity of the thorax, with no collapse, deformation or abnormal movement. Meanwhile, the follow-up of control group showed a normal contour but slight collapse, with no paradoxical respiration. The Chest X-ray examination revealed that the bone cement in" sandwich" complex was X ray opaque and showed mild abnormal movement with breathing. The common blood test and immune items showed no abnormal. Conclusions The bio-material artificial chest wall is a safe and effective reconstruction technique for bony defects of thoracic wall in mongrels, with no acute or chronic rejection.

Aim To make ethanol from bistortae(EFB)from traditional Chinese medicine bistortae,and investigate the protection on the injury of the human umbiliar vein endothelial cell(ECV304)induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).Methods ECV304 cells were cultured and divided by five experimental groups including normal,injury model induced by H2O2 and three pretreated groups with EFB;flow cytometry(FCM)methods Annexin V/PI staining and PI staining were used to analyze the effect of the medicine on the apoptosis and cell cycle;reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression level of apoptosis associated protein caspase-3 in all experiment-al groups.Results FCM Annexin V/PI staining result showed early and advanced stage apoptosis rate was lower when predisposed than that of the damaged group,FCM PI staining showed there were more cells in G0/G1 stage in oxidation damage group,but less in S stage,and hypodiploid peak could be observed,RT-PCR showed that the expression of caspase-3 was weakened when predisposed by EFB than without this disposal(P