OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for small interfering ribonucleic acid (SiRNA) R&D and registration in China. METHODS:The situation of SiRNA R&D at home and abroad were introduced,and problems encountered in the evaluation and approval process were summed up to put forward suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:SiRNA has developed slowly in Chi-na,with a gap of 5-10 years at least compared with foreign developed countries. The registration category of SiRNA is not clear;applicants lack of guidance documents;production workshop which meet requirement is in shortage;the efficiency of drug registra-tion allows of no optimism. It is recommended that pharmaceutical registration departments carry out the pilot reform for SiRNA registration,publish SiRNA registration guide,relax regulations for IND gradually,encourage applicants to participate in the inter-national multicenter clinical trials in order to improve the efficiency of SiRNA evaluation and approval efficiency.

Objective To explore the polymorphisms of serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and cognitive function in patients with subcortical ischemic depression (SID). Methods A battery of neuropsychological tests including Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate depression and cognitive function for all enrolled subjects. And the distribution frequency of 5-HTTLPR-promoter region polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 60 SID patients and 60 health controls. Results There were significant differences in 5-HTTLPR genotypes and alleles between SID group and control group (χ2=7.833, χ2=6.290, both P＜0.05).The SID group showed higher genotype SS than did the control group (58.3% vs. 23.3%) and higher allele S (68.3% vs. 52.5%) but lower genotype LL (16.7% vs. 23.3%) and allele L (31.7% vs. 47.5%). SID group had lower MoCA score than did the control group [(23.63±1.59) scores vs. (27.25±1.59) scores, t=12.44, P＜0.01]. Conclusions The polymorphism of 5-HTTLPR gene may play an important role as a nosogenesis of SID. The frequency of SS genotype may be associated with SID especially in females, having more cognitive impairment. The genotype LL and allele L may be a protective factor for depression symptoms of SID.

BACKGROUND:The type AO-C1 thoracolumbar acute spine injury is a kind of high-energy instable injury, can cause thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation, and mainly associated with spinal nerve injury. Generaly, al needs to posterior open reduction, decompression, bone graft fusion and multiple-segmental internal fixation of pedicle screw rod system, which causes excessive loss of spinal movement segment and a large number of application of internal fixators. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the treatment effect of posterior pedicle screw mono-segmental internal fixation for treatment of the type AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocations. METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2013, 17 cases of type AO-C1 thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation were folowed up. Al patients were treated with one-stage posterior open reduction and pedicle screw-rod fixation. Of them, eight cases received four screws and two rods for single-segment fixation in upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (4-screw 2-rod group). Nine cases received eight screws and two rods for multiple-segment fixation in the upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (8-screw 2-rod group). Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. The Cobb’s angle was measured on lateral X-ray film of two groups preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively and during the final folow-up. The neurological function was evaluated by Frankel classification. The visual analogue scale was adopted to assess the degree of low back pain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Patients were folowed up for 1 to 5 years. Significant differences were detected in the operative time between the two groups, and operative time was better in the 4-screw 2-rod group than in the 8-screw 2-rod group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The deformity of fracture-dislocation had been corrected, and the pain of low back had significantly relieved in al patients after fixation. According to Frankel classification, two cases at Grade A were improved to Grade E, but eight cases at Grade A got no improvement after treatment. Two cases at Grade B were also improved to Grade E at the final folow-up. Significant differences in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale were detectable at 1 week postoperatively and during final folow-up as compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was visible between final folow-up and 1 week postoperatively. No significant difference in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale was observed between the 4-screw 2-rod group and 8-screw 2-rod group. Results indicate that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between 4-screw 2-rod single-segment and 8-screw 2-rod multiple-segment fixation for treating type C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation. Therefore, AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation could be treated with 4-screw 2-rod single-segment reduction fixation.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of dendritic cells modified by sCD41)gene on T lymphocytes phenotypes and cytokines production and the mechanism of inducing donor-specific immune tolerance in vitro.Methods T lymphocytes prepared with Nylon Fiber Column from Balb/c mice(as reaction cells)and DCs of different groups(as stimulation cells)were subjected to primary mixed lymphocyte culture(MLC).After incubation for 7 days,the responsiveness of the cells was de- tected by MTS method at the indicated time points,and supernatants were assayed for IFN-?,IL-2, IL-4,IL-10 by ELISA kits.On the day 5,the cultured cells were assessed for the expression of CD4, CDS,CD25 and CD69 by using flow cytometry(FCM).After secondary MLC for 5 days,the same indexes were assayed hy using the same methods.Results Dendritic cells modified by sCD40 could in- duce the hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen in primary and secondary MLC.In primary MLC,the ex- pression of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells and CD4~+ CD25~+,CD8~+ CD25~+,CD4~+ CD69~+,CD8~+ CD69~+ T cells in IX;modified by sCD40 group were less than those in control group(P

The financial crisis has made the graduate of grade 2009 career have undergone profound changes in mentality,How to strengthen the ideological and political education of graduates and career guidance is a new task we have to face.In this paper,through a questionnaire survey,students’collective conversation,individual visits,the case summary,we understand the mental state of college graduates in 2009 session in Shenyan,and have analyzed it to provide a basis for career guidance for the targeted colleges and universities under the new circumstances.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of central lymph node metastasis in clinically node negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (T1 or T2 stage) coexisting with Hashimoto' s thyroiditis (HT).Methods A total of 398 patients undergoing thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection were enrolled in the study.Patients were divided into the trial group (PTC with HT)and the control group (PTC without HT).The difference of the clinicopathological characteristics between the 2 groups and risk factors for central lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results Among the total 398 patients,98 (24.6％)had coexistent HT.Central lymph node metastasis rate was similar in the 2 groups (40.8％ vs 41.3％).The number of dissected central lymph nodes was significantly more in the trial group than in the control group (4.9 vs 2.9,P＜0.01) while the number of metastatic lymph nodes had no statistical significance between the 2 groups (1.0 vs 1.0).Univariate analysis showed that tumor size＞1 cm was significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis in the trial group (P＜0.01).Male,＜45 years,tumor size＞1 cm,and tumor located in the middle/lower third of lobe were all significantly associated with central lymph node metastasis in the control group (P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size＞1 cm was independent predictor for central lymph node metastasis in the trial group,while female,＜45 years,tumor size＞1 cm,and tumor located in the middle/lower third of lobe were all independent predictors for central lymph node metastasis in the control group.Conclusions The number of central lymph nodes was larger in cN0 PTC coexisting with HT patients than that in PTC patients,but there was no statistical difference in the number of metastatic lymph nodes between cN0 PTC with and without HT.Central lymph node dissection is recommended when tumor size 1 cm in cN0 PTC coexisting with HT patients.

Ganglioneuroblastoma ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo analyze the parameters of urodynamic tests for patients with type-III B prostatitis and evaluate the significance of the results of urodynamic tests in the choice of therapies for this disease.

METHODSUrodynamic tests were performed for 87 type-III B prostatitis patients aged 22-45 (30.7 ± 8.5) years, who had moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and failed to respond to routine therapy. Different treatments were administered according to the results of urodynamic tests followed by observation of the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSUrodynamic abnormalities were found in 70 of the 87 patients, bladder outlet obstruction in 28 (32.2%), detrusor overactivity in 25 (28.7%), bladder hyperesthesia in 18 (20.7%), low compliance in 10 (11.5%), detrusor-external urethral sphincter dyssynergia in 1 (1.1%), and impaired detrusor contractile function in 1 (1.1%). Treatments achieved obvious effectiveness in 26 cases (29.9%), effectiveness in 51 (58.6%), and no effectiveness in 10 (11.5%).

CONCLUSIONUrodynamic tests contribute significantly to the choice of therapies for type-III B prostatitis patients with moderate or severe LUTS.

Adult ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urethra ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; physiopathology ; Urodynamics