Objective To evaluate transurethral ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis and staging of bladder tumor. Methods Form 1996 to 2000 transurethral ultrasonography(TUUS) was carried out for 70 cases of bladder cancer and the findings were compared with cystoscopy,transabdominal ultrasonography(TAUS),CT,MRI and pathological studies. Results The diagnosis rate of TUUS has been 99.1% being better than cystoscopy and TAUS.The accurate staging rate was 100.0% in stage T 1 tumors, 95.8% in stage T 2,82.4% in stage T 3 and 55.6% in stage T 4. Conclusions TUUS can clearly reveal the depth of tumor infiltration and therefore is an important method for the diagnosis and staging of early bladder tumor.

Objective To explore the situation of differences in perception and the related factors in caring behaviors between nurses and patients.Methods 120 pairs of patients and the corresponding primary nurses were assessed by Caring Behaviour Inventory-24 item (CBI).Results (1) The difference existed in the total average score(P＜0.05),assurance (P＜0.01) and respectful (P＜0.05) dimensions,but knowledge and technology (P ＞0.05) and connectedness dimensions had no difference.(2) Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of satisfaction in nursing work(P＜0.01,OR=0.201) and the working periods(P＜0.01,OR=5.261) were the negative correlation factors for the difference,but the degree of satisfaction of doctors (P＜0.01,OR=7.801) and nurse education (P＜0.01,OR=5.261) were the positive correlation factors for the difference.Conclusion There is difference existed in perception the caring behaviours between nurses and patients,and the working periods,nurse,the d.egree of satisfaction in nursing work and doctors are the related factors for the difference.

Objective To understand the difference of helpful T lymphocyte subsets in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis or asthma.Methods There were 34 patients in bronchiolitic group including 20 males and 14 females,the age of the patients was 1-15(6.65?4.22) months.They were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal secretion and (or) virus IgM antibody detected in plasma.All of the patients were infected with virus,23,4,4,and 3 patients were infected with respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus,respectively.All patients showed wheeze and small to medium blistering sound to different extend in both lungs,and all patients got fever at various degrees (20 patients blow 38 ℃,12 patients at 38-39 ℃ and 2 patients above 39 ℃).The patients′ capillary white cell counts were relatively normal when they were admitted to the hospital.There were 21 patients in asthmatic group including 12 male and 9 female,the age of the patients was 3-13 (8.05?2.85) years.Blood cells of 34 patients with bronchiolitis and 21 patients with asthma were collected by flow cytometry,and their peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed.The percentages of CD4+ cells secreting IFN-? or IL-4 were counted.They represented the percentage of helpful T lymphocyte Th1 and Th2,respectively.Results The percentage of CD4 positive cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were significantly higher in the bronchiolitic group than that in the asthmatic group (Pa=0.002).There was no significant difference of the percentage of Th1 cells between 2 groups.The percentage of Th2 cells in the bronchiolitic group,however,was significantly lower than that of the asthmatic group (P=0).Thus the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly higher in the bronchiolitic group (P=0.031).Conclusions Compared with asthmatic patients,the patients with bronchiolitis show relative Th1 predominant response.Therefore,the treatment strategy should be different for these 2 diseases.

Objective:To establish a GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid preparations, compare the purification effect of liquid preparations by liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction and opti-mize the operating parameters to determine the optimal experimental conditions. Methods:The samples were operated by liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction, respectively. Selective ion monitor ( SIM) was adopt, phthalate esters were identified by the rela-tive abundance of major characteristic ions and the content was determined by an external standard method. Results:When the samples were operated by liquid-liquid extraction, the interference was strong with many impurity peaks. Therefore, the solid phase extraction was adopted for the sample pretreatment. GC-MS was used to detect the residues of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid prepara-tions. The detection limit was 0. 02μg·g-1 ,while the calibration curve showed good linearity within the range of 0. 25-8. 0μg·ml-1 with the correlation coefficient between 0. 990 7 and 0. 999 8. The average recoveries were 76. 0%-95. 4%. The relative standard devi-ations were between 2. 3% and 9. 6%(n=6). Conclusion: Pretreated by solid phase extraction, the residues of 16 phthalate ester plasticizers in oral liquid preparations can be detected by GC-MS with the properties of simple, fast, precise and sensitive, and it is suitable for the determination of phthalate esters in oral liquid preparations.

Objective To establish a simple and practical method for isolating and purifying nucleosomes. Methods Nuclei were isolated from chicken erythrocytes, and then digested with staphylococcal nuclease. After centrifugation, the supernatant of digestion was separated and centrifugated on sucrose gradients. Results Nucleosomes with good stability were isolated properly by gradient centrifugation. Conclusion This method for the isolation and purification of nucleosomes is simple and effective, which might contribute to the further researches of the roles of nucleosomes in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; Rituximab ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycoses ; pathology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification

Now the layer-by-layer self-assembling (LbL) technique has become an attention-getting reparative methodology for ultrathin film formation. Many scientists in different academic areas including bioengieering, medical science, drug controlled release, optoelectronics dive into this technology. Among of them, carriers with structures which can be flexibly controlled are more useful since functional structure units can be assembled in layer-by-layer fashion, which is simplicity, chemical mildness, concealment, can achieve targeted drug delivery and so on. In this review, we have discussed the advantage, development, influential factors and applications of LbL. We have focused on reviewing the applications and perspective of nanoparticles, microgels and capsules were both fabricated via the LbL assembling at drug delivery.

BACKGROUND:There was a variety of surgery treatment method in senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures, such as hip replacement and internal fixation, but there was a great deal of controversy about advantages and disadvantages of different methods.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical effect and safety of total hip replacement, hemiarthroplasty and proximal femoral nail in senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:103 senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were selected, including 43 males and 60 females at the age of 62 to 80 years old. There were 28 cases of total hip replacement, 34 cases of hemiarthroplasty and 41 cases of proximal femoral nail. Perioperative complications and recovery of hip function after repair were compared among three groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The incidence of postoperative complications of internal medicine was higher in the proximal femoral nail group than in the total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of complications was found between the hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement groups. (2) The incidence of prosthesis complications was lower in the total hip replacement group than in the hemiarthroplasty and proximal femoral nail groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of prosthesis complications was detectable between the total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty groups. (3) The recovery of hip function was better in the total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty groups than in the proximal femoral nail group during 12-month folow-up (P < 0.05), and no significant difference in the recovery of hip function was found between the total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty groups. These results showed that total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty had good curative effect on unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile patients, and could effectively restore the hip function and reduce complications.

Objective To clone and analyze the cDNA of major allergen Der f 2 of Dermatophagoides farinae in south China. Methods cDNA of Der f 2 was cloned by RT-PCR, screened and their sequences were analyzed. Results cDNAof Der f 2 was cloned. The sequence of the cloned Der f 2 was different with that published (D10448) in GenBank, with 87 additional nucleotides inserted into the 62th nucleotide of the original one. According to the original ORF, the deduced amino acids that were located prior or after the inserted 29 amino acid sequence showed no changes. Conclusion The cDNA of Der f 2 was cloned from Dermatophagoides farinae and its sequence showed significant difference with that reported in the GenBank.