Objective To investigate the relationship and compare the diagnosis in chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis between liver ADC value and the liver spleen volume ratio changes by MR.Methods The obj ect included 3 1 cases of chronic hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and 14 cases of control group.The liver ADC value (b=800 s/mm2 )and the liver spleen volume ratio in different fibrosis stages were measured.Analysis of variances was performed to compare the difference between the two groups.Results The right lobe of liver ADC value and the liver spleen volume ratio in each group was significant (P<0.01).With the increase of fibrosis score,liver ADC was correlated negatively.From normal to mild cirrhosis (S1-S2),the total liver volume increased progressively. From severe hepatic fibrosis to advanced cirrhosis (S3-S4),it decreased slowly and spleen volume increased gradually along as cir-rhosis degree,while the liver spleen volume ratio correspondingly decreased.Area under the curve (AUC)in the group of liver ADC value was 0.789,sensitivity was 0.806,and specificity was 0.857.The group of liver spleen volume ratio AUC was 0.744,sensi-tivity was 0.742,and specificity was 0.714.Conclusion The correlation of the two methods for evaluating the effectiveness of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are both significant.Whereas,ADC value was better for liver fibrosis,which is the best method for diagnosis of early liver fibrosis.

Image interpolation is often required during medical image processing and analysis. Although interpolation method based on Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF) has high precision, the long calculation time still limits its application in field of image interpolation. To overcome this problem, a method of two-dimensional and three-dimensional medical image GRBF interpolation based on computing unified device architecture (CUDA) is proposed in this paper. According to single instruction multiple threads (SIMT) executive model of CUDA, various optimizing measures such as coalesced access and shared memory are adopted in this study. To eliminate the edge distortion of image interpolation, natural suture algorithm is utilized in overlapping regions while adopting data space strategy of separating 2D images into blocks or dividing 3D images into sub-volumes. Keeping a high interpolation precision, the 2D and 3D medical image GRBF interpolation achieved great acceleration in each basic computing step. The experiments showed that the operative efficiency of image GRBF interpolation based on CUDA platform was obviously improved compared with CPU calculation. The present method is of a considerable reference value in the application field of image interpolation.
Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Normal Distribution ; Software

In this paper, a method for dose calculation with pencil beam kernels constructed by point kernel superposition was proposed to accelerate the dose calculation during intensity optimization iteration. With this method, the direct aperture optimization method can be integrated in the planning system based on point kernel convolution/superposition model. The dose calculation time was also reduced during the iteration. From the result of the phantom and clinical patient data test, it was concluded that this method could be used for the intensity optimization of iteration dose calculation as the satisfied precision due to the optimization result coherence obtained. By implementing the method in the planning system product based on point kernel convolution/superposition model, a lot of additional research and development works for the pencil beam dose calculation model as well as the product maintenance cost can be avoided.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Software

This paper reports a child with acute schistosomiasis,the routine X-ray of chest indicates the case is a typical pulmonary schistosomiasis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPCS) by freehand intubation using routine straight-view endoscope for diagnosis and therapy of biliary diseases.Methods Patients with unexplained choledochal stenosis and choledocholithiasis underwent standard ERCP.Native papilla was dilated using endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD)according to the size of papilla and the diameter of common bile duct.DPCS was performed using routine straight-view endoscope,and biopsy or laser lithotripsy was performed according to imaging of DPCS.General data of patients,procedure of ERCP,diagnosis of DPCS,and complications were recorded.Serum amylase after 2 hours and 24 hours,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,leukocyte count,neutrophilic granulocyte percentage,and C-reactive protein were measured.Results A total of 15 patients underwent DPCS,including 5 cases of huge common bile duct stones and 10 cases of common bile duct stricture.The diameter of common bile duct ranged from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm.Single EPLBD was required in 3 cases,endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy and EPLBD was required in 12 cases to facilitate DPCS.DPCS was successfully completed in 14 cases,including 11 cases in distal common bile duct,3 cases in proximal common bile duct.Among the 14 cases,4 cases used ordinary gastroscope,and 10 cases used ultrathin gastroscope.Laser lithotripsy was successfully completed in 4 choledocholithiasis patients.DPCS was successfully completed in 9 patients of common bile duct stenosis.The reasons of stenosis included 5 calculi,2 normal,1 scar and 2 adenoma.There were 1 case of cholangitis and 4 cases of hyperamylasemia after operation.No procedure related death occurred.Conclusion Freehand DPCS using ordinary gastroscope or ultrathin gastroscope is feasible and safe,and may be clinically useful for diagnosis and therapy of unexplained choledocholithiasis and common bile duct stenosis.

Exosome is a sort of vesicle structure attached to cell membrane and released by cells, which contains numerous bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNA and DNA fragments. These bioactive molecules are involved in the regulation of many biological processes, not only the participation in the occurrence and development of diverse diseases, but also the close relationship with the invasion and metastasis of tumors. The recent study has indicated that lots of exosomes released from cancer cells participate in a variety of pathological processes as a messenger of cell functions. This article will elaborate the function and application of exosomes in some malignant cancers.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Robotics

AIM:To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on hemodynamics, sedation and analgesia effect during cataract surgery for senile patients with hypertension.METHODS: Totally 90 senile patients with hypertension receiving cataract surgery were randomly divided into two groups, 45 cases in study group during the surgery by intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, 45 cases in control group were given normal saline for intravenous infusion.Blood flow dynamics index level were detected in two groups at five time points of before surgery (T0), beginning of the surgery (T1), 10 min after beginning (T2), 20 min after beginning (T3), the end of surgery (T4).Analgesia and sedation scores were compared in two groups, the incidence of adverse reactions and complications were recorded in two groups.RESULTS: Heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased significantly at the time points of T1, T2, T3, T4 compared with T0 time point in the control group (P<0.05).HR, DBP, SBP decreased significantly at the time points of T1, T2, T3, T4 compared with T0 time point in the study group (P<0.05), which of the study group were significantly lower than the control group at the same time (P<0.05).Analgesia scores at the time points of T1, T2, T3, T4 were showed different degrees of decline in the two groups, and analgesia scores in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group at the same time (P<0.05).Sedation scores at the time points of T1, T2, T3, T4 were showed different degrees of decline compared with T0 time point in the control group (P<0.05).Sedation scores at the time points of T1, T2, T3, T4 were showed different degrees of rise compared with T0 time point in the study group (P>0.05).Sedation scores in the study group were significantly higher than that of the control group at the same time (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions and complications in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Application of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride to monitoring anesthesia during senile cataract patients with hypertension surgery, can stabilize the hemodynamics and has obvious sedation and analgesia effect.

The chance of craniocerebral injury in children is high.Severe craniocerebral injury is still the difficult point in current clinical treatment.Children severe head trauma is different from adults.It is characteristic of severe primary injury,rapid progressing secondary injury,confusing vital signs,less contrecoup injury,high incidence of epilepsy,cerebral ischemia in familiar,and good prognosis.This article focused on 2 hot issues in recent therapeutic strategy of severe craniocerebral injury in children——intracranial pressure monitoring and hypothermia therapy.The former is simple,convenient,safe and practical,is worth popularizing widely.

Objective To investigate the expression of intermedin (IMD) in plasma and tissues of lung cancer patients compared with control group and to explore the relationship of IMD with the stage and pathological type of lung cancer. Methods The content of IMD in plasma of 88 lung cancer patients measured using ELISA, 36 lung cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry, compared with control groups. Results Healthy control group IMD level [(38.68±12.65) pg/ml] was lower than lung cancer group [(81.61 ± 30.78) pg/ml] (t =-5.818, P <0.05); There was no significant difference of IMD between small cell [(68.61 ± 30.01) pg/ml] and non-small cell lung cancer [(75.51 ±32.74) pg/ml] (t =-0.680, P >0.05); IMD in stage Ⅳ is higher than stage Ⅰ - Ⅲ (t =-3.444, -3.093, -3.955, P <0.05); IMD with distant metastasis is significantly higher than that without distant metastasis (t =8.052, P =0.000). IMD expression in lung cancer tissues [23/36 (63.9 %)] is significantly higher than adjacent tumor tissues [5/21 (23.8 %)] (x2= 8.525, P <0.05). IMD in Stage Ⅲ[14/17(82.4 %)] is significantly higher than in stage Ⅰ [1/5 (20.0 %)] (x2 = 6.924, P =0.009). Conclusion The expression of IMD in lung cancer patients is significantly higher than control groups. Expression has correlation with stage and metastasis, which might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.