This paper was aimed to study the method of rapid determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The Chrysanthemum was dried by three different processes. The three methods were directly drying, drying after steamed and drying after fry, respectively. The determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum by different processing methods was produced by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Collecting the NIRS spectra of Chrysanthemum, the quantitative analysis model of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods was established by partial least square (PLS) and the model was validated. The correlation coefficient (R2), the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.996 19, 0.104 and 0.168, respectively. The correlation coefficient of predication (r) was 0.979 3 which state that the prediction was accurate. The method of NIRS had the advantage of fast determination, simple operation and high accuracy of prediction, and could be used for rapid determination of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis and its complications severely threaten the elder’s health. Simvastatin, widely accepted as a lipid-lowering drug, is reported to potentialy promote bone formation, but it is in debate when oraly administered, and there is no evidence to support whether this is due to the region difference.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of oraly administered simvastatin on bone mass and biomechanical properties of the femur and vertebrae in osteopenia rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX).
METHODS: Twenty-four 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to OVX+oraly administered saline vehicle (OVX group,n=8), OVX+oraly administered simvastatin (5 mg/kg/d; intervention group,n=8) or sham surgery (sham group,n=8). After 8 weeks of treatment, al rats were sacrificed and the level of procolagen type I N-terminal propeptide in blood serum was assessed by ELISA. Bone mineral density was determined in the L5 vertebra and left femur using dual-energy X-rays. Furthermore, the biomechanical properties of the L4 vertebra and right femur, including maximum load and elastic modulus, were detected by compression testing and three-point bending test, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum level of procolagen type I N-terminal propeptide in the sham group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. OVX rats showed significantly lower bone mineral density in both the L5 vertebra and left femur than sham rats (P < 0.05). Rats in the intervention group showed higher bone mineral density than those in the OVX group, with statisticaly significant difference in the L5 vertebra (P < 0.05), but insignificant difference in the femur. Maximum load and elastic modulus of the L4 vertebra in the OVX group were significantly lower than those in the sham and intervention group. Markedly lower elastic modulus of the femur was found in the OVX group than the sham and intervention groups. These findings demonstrate that simvastatin treatment can partialy prevent bone loss in OVX rats with more notable effect on the vertebrae than the femur, and for this model, the vertebra is superior to the femur used in biomechanical test.

BACKGROUND:The technique of vacuum sealing drainage, initialy used for better wound healing, has been widely applied to al kinds of refractory wounds. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress in vacuum sealing drainage for treatment of severe soft tissue injury. METHODS: An electronic retrieve was performed in Wanfang database, VIP database and PubMed database from January 1989 to August 2014 was performed for papers regarding the vacuum sealing drainage technology with the key words of “vacuum sealing drainage technology; injury; gentamicin; hyperbaric oxygen; nerve growth factor; chymotrypsin” in Chinese or English. Finaly 48 articles were involved in the final analysis according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Vacuum sealing drainage is a highly effective treatment technique to promote wound healing which can promote wound blood circulation, reduce sweling, inhibit bacterial growth, stimulate growth of granulation tissue by mechanical stress, inhibit cel apoptosis, thereby helping wound healing. Compared to conventional open-dressings, vacuum sealing drainage has a faster wound healing speed, lower infection rate, and fewer dressing change frequency. With recent advances in medicine, vacuum sealing drainagetechnology cannot be simply used for treatment of skin soft tissue damage, but in combination with gentamicin, hyperbaric oxygen, nerve growth factor and chymotrypsin to achieve better therapeutic effects.

This paper studied the HPLC and NIRS fingerprints of Chrysanthemum with different processing methods, including directly drying, drying after steamed, and drying after fried. The method of discriminant analysis of TQ software was used to analysis the NIRS fingerprint of Chrysanthemum with three different processing methods, and the results were consistent with HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis. NIRS and HPLC fingerprints were of different characteristics, and the combination of the two methods can quickly and accurately identify Chrysanthemum with different processing methods.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

BACKGROUND:Corneal lymphangiogenesis is beneficial to the transport of corneal antigenic materials, and accelerates the process of antigen presentation, thereby playing an important role in corneal immunity. However, due to the paral el outgrowth of corneal blood and lymphatic vessels in transplanted corneas, it is often difficult to accurately evaluate the role of corneal lymphatic vessels in allograft rejection. OBJECTIVE:To explore the development of corneal lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in transplanted rat corneas after the blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). METHODS:130 rats used to establish corneal al ogenic transplantation models were equally randomized into two groups:the anti-VEGF-C group and the control group. VEGF-C was blocked in the anti-VEGF-C group by intraperitoneal injection of neutralizing monoclonal anti-VEGF-C antibody every other day for 2 consecutive weeks. Meanwhile, rats in control groups received intraperitoneal injections of saline. Corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were characterized using whole mount immunofluorescence, and the immune rejection of the grafts was evaluated by scoring the rejection index (RI). In addition, the expression of VEGF-C was examined by real-time PCR. The relationship of corneal lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis to RI in transplanted corneas was also characterized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:VEGF-C expression was markedly downregulated after VEGF-C blockade. Corneal lymphangiogenesis developed in parallel with corneal angiogenesis in the control group. While there was a mild reduction in blood vessel area (BVA) and a significant decrease in lymphatic vessel area (LVA) in the anti-VEGF-C group (P<0.05). In addition, RI was positively correlated with BVA (P<0.05) and LVA (P<0.05) in the control group. However, although RI was significantly correlated with BVA (P<0.05) in the anti-VEGF-C group, the correlation between RI and LVA was not statistically significant (P>0.05). the graft survival time in the anti-VEGF-C group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Our results show that the outgrowth of lymphatic vessels is separated from that of blood vessels in transplanted corneas by blocking VEGF-C. The blockade of VEGF-C has a significant role in preventing corneal lymphangiogenesis in corneal beds, which results in higher al ograft survival rates.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the bone loss and deterioration of bone quality with different intervention programs. Methods Thirty two 3?month?old female Sprague?Dawley ( SD ) rats were randomized into 4 groups of 8 animals in each: All rats but those in the sham group ( A) received bilateral ovariectomy, and treated by vehicle (B), simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) at first half period (C) or at latter half period (D). The rats in group C received simvastatin by a gavage after the OVX operation immediately, and stopped at 10 weeks after OVX. The rats in group D began to receive simvastatin treatment from 10 weeks after OVX and ended at 20 weeks after OVX. At week 20, all rats were sacrificed and the concentrations of serum PINP and ICTP were detected by ELISA, L3 vertabra was used to detect the bone mineral density, L4 vertebra was used to analyze the maximum loading and elastic modulus by compression test, and the microstructure of the L5 vertebra was detected by micro?computed tomography. Results 1. ELISA analysis:the concentrations of serum P1NP and ICTP in the groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that of group A (P<0?05). 2. BMD test showed that the rats in group B had significantly lower BMD than the other 3 groups (P<0?05), while the BMD of groups C and D were markedly lower than that of group A (P<0?05). 3. Biomechanical test:the maximum load and elastic modulus of L4 vertebrae in the group B were significantly lower than the other 3 groups ( P<0?05), and those of the groups C and D were markedly lower than that in the group A (P<0?05). 4. micro?CT:BV/TV and Tb. N in the sham operated rats were significantly higher than those of the other 3 groups, while the opposite trends was found in Tb. Sp (P<0?05), and the Tb. Sp in the groups C and D were significantly lower than that of group B (P<0?05). Conclusions Our data demonstrate that bone loss and deterioration of bone micro?structure and biomechanical properties occurred at 20 weeks after ovariectomy, both the first?half?period and latter?half?period treatment by simvastatin may partially prevent these changes, but can not restore the BMD to normal level.

Objective To explore the value of prenatal genetical diagnosis by mutation analysis of achondroplasia (ACH) fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene.Methods Genomic DNA from nine ACH patients and their parents in Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July,2010 to December,2014 was prepared for polymerase chain reaction.Direct sequencing revealed the samples were performed after amplification of exon 10 of FGFR3 containing the potential mutation.Fetal DNA was extracted from cells in both amniotic fluid and umbilical cord,and then exon 10 of FGFR3 was also tested.Three fetuses with short-limb dysplasia were also included and prenatal diagnosis was offered to them through amniocentesis or cordocentesis.Results Prenatal ultrasonography test showed shorter femoral length,which was less than 2-3 standard deviation of normal reference dysplasia fetal performance for femoral short.Femur length is lower than 2-3 standard deviation minus normal value,and discrepancy in biparietal diameter compared with fetuses at the same gestational age.In the four families with one ACH parent,c.1138G ＞ A heterozygous mutation was detected in all of the four mothers,while two fetuses among them showed c.1138G ＞ A heterozygous mutation mutation and the other two were normal.There were other two fetuses with c.1138G ＞ A heterozygous mutation from other two families,one's father had c.1138G ＞ A heterozygous mutations,but not the mother,the other had c.1138G ＞ A heterozygous mutations in both the mother and father.Among the three families with unaffected parents but each had a de novo c.1138G ＞ A mutation child,no mutation of c.1138G ＞ A genotype was detected in their fetuses,neither in the three fetus with short limb dysplasia.Four fetuses with a c.1138G ＞ A mutation and three with short-limb dysplasia were terminated.The other five fetuses whose genotype was normal were born and healthy with normal phenotype at one-year-old follow-up.Conclusion FGFR3 genetic analysis could provide information for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for ACH parents or parents who had an ACH baby to prevent birth defect.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that simvastatin that can promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cel s in vitro, is likely to be a new osteogenic drug. While it is stil unknown whether there is time-dependent stimulation of simvastatin on the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I in rat bone marrow stromal stem cel s in vitro stimulated by simvastatin at different time points. METHODS:Passage 1 bone marrow stromal cel s were divided into control and simvastatin group, fol owed by cultured in osteogenic differetiation medium with or uithout 10-7 mol/L simvastatin. After 7-day intervention, expression of alkaline phosphatase was detected in passage 3 cel s. Passage 4 cel s were divided and cultured as described above, and afterwards, RNA and proteins were extracted at 12 and 36 hours to detect the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I using real-time PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both two groups could express alkaline phosphatase, while the rate of positive cel s significantly increased in the simvastatin group compared with the control group (P<0.05);at 12 and 36 hours after intervention, mRNA expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and col agen type I in the simvastatin group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Besides, western blot assay showed:at both 12 and 36 hours, simvastatin significantly enhanced the expression of bone morphometric protein 2, while the expression of col agen type I significantly increased at 12 hours (P<0.05), but not at 36 hours. In conclusion, simvastatin can promote the expressions of bone morphometric protein 2 and col agen type I in rat bone marrow stromal cel s, with more favorable outcomes after 12-hour treatment.

Objective To observe the characteristics of different level of normal abdominal aorta’s time-flow,time-velocity curve and to investigate the hemodynamic factors in role of the occurrence and development of abdominal aorta’s disease.Methods PC-MRI scanning was performed on 60 normal volunteers T12/L1-L4/5 disc at the level of abdominal aorta,time-flow and time-veloci-ty curve were generated respectively.The characteristics of blood flow curves at different levels of abdominal aorta were observed. Results The time-flow,time-velocity curve of the normal abdominal aorta in different levels have 2nd phase (no diastolic reflux) and 3rd phase (diastolic reflux).Conclusion The characteristics of blood flow curves of different levels of abdominal aorta are dif-ferent.

Objective To investigate the effect of shenfu injection on immune function in severe trauma patients.Methods 60 severe trauma patients were divided into the control group (n =30)and shefu group (n =30) by random number table.Other 30 cases were chosen as the health control group at the same phase.All patients were received conventional treatments,however,patients of the shenfu group were additionally received the shenfu injection treatment in the early stage.The CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +8 cell,human leukocyte antigen (HLA -DR),interleukin -1(IL -1),interleukin -6(IL -6)were detected on 3rd and 7th day by double -antibody sandwich enzyme -linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared to the health control group,the IL -1,IL -6 in the control and shenfu group were significantly higher than the health control group(f=7.128,q =9.212,10.112,all P <0.05).The IL -1and IL -6 in the control and shenfu group were significantly increased on 3rd day (t =11.126,10.013,all P <0.05)and decreased on 7th day(t =17.121,14.213,all P <0.05).The IL -1 and IL -6 in shenfu group were sig-nificantly lower than that of the control group(χ2 =4.113,10.117,all P <0.05).The CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +8 ,HLA -DR and CD +3 /CD +8 rate in the control and shenfu group were significantly lower than the health control group(f=11.071, q =10.229,12.032,all P <0.05).On 3rd day,the CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +8 ,HLA -DR and CD +3 /CD +8 rate in shenfu group were significantly increased(t =10.013,P <0.05).On 7th day,CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +8 ,HLA -DR and CD +3 /CD +8 rate in the control and shenfu group were both increased(t =11.126,15.932,all P <0.05).And the CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +8 ,HLA -DR and CD +3 /CD +8 rate in shenfu group were significantly higher than the control group(χ2 =3.771,P <0.05).Conclusion Shenfu injection can regulate immune function in severe trauma and improve clinical treatment.