Aim To study whether or not the green tea catechins(EGCG)has physiological benefits and the underling protective mechanism.Methods The subunit protein levels of ?4、?7 of nAChR were detected by BCA protein assay,Dot Blot assay and MTT assay.Results The results showed that the green tea catechins can significantly reduce the subunit protein levels of nAChR and decrease the cell activity induced by A?1-40.Conclusions EGCG can provide neuroprotection in vitro by up-regulating nAChR sununit levels and inhibiting the neurotoxin of A?1-40.

0.05). The diameters of left superior and inferior thyroid arteries ranged from 2.4mm to 6.0mm(3.7?0.9mm) and from 1.0mm to 5.2mm(2.9? 1.0 mm) respectively, showed statistically significant difference ( t=3.7796, P 0.05), but the right inferior thyroid arteries were larger than the left ones ( t=2.3 917, P

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment features of tuberous sclerosis complex associated renal cell carcinoma.Methods A 22-year-old boy with a childhood history of epilepsy and mental retardation presented with a complaint of intermittent painless gross hematuria for the past 2 years.After superselective left renal artery embolization was done twice in the past year, painless gross hematuria was still repeated with 6- 10 months intervals.Physical examination showed retarded face, obesity, visible facial angiofibroma and a ditch fibroma.CT scan showed irregular lesions.The largest cross-section 14.2 cm × 9.0 cm in the left kidney was inhomogeneous enhanced from 45 - 54 HU in the plain phase to 60 - 78 HU in the contrast phase.Filling defect in the left renal vein and multiple fat-density lesions (CT value of -25 - -38 HU) with the largest cross-section 7.2 cm× 5.7 cm in the right kidney were also found in contrast CT scan.The PUBMED and CBM database were reviewed.Results Open retroperitoneal radical left nephrectomy was performed.Pathology showed renal clear cell carcinoma and renal vein thrombosis.There was no tumor recurrence or distant metastasis at 4-month follow-up.Conclusions Tuberous sclerosis complex associated renal cell carcinoma is rarely reported.Timely nephron-sparing surgery is necessary when the diagnosis is established, or radical nephrectomy is also necessary if nephron-sparing surgery is impossible.

Objective:To research the correlation of serum levels of IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α and IgA1 in children with allergic purpura and the purpura nephritis.Methods:57 cases with allergic purpura who were treated in our hospital from November 2015 to May 2016 were selected and 29 cases were diagnosed with general allergic purpura,and another 28 cases were diagnosed with purpuric nephritis.30 healthy children were selected as the control group.Then the serum levels of IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgAl,immunoglobulin A (IgA),C3 and C4 between the three groups were observed and compared.Results:The serum levels of IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1 and IgA in the purpuric nephritis group were higher than those of the control group and the general allergic purpura group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);The serum levels of IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1 and IgA in the general allergic purpura group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);There was no statistically significant difference about the C3 and C4 in the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The serum levels of IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α and IgA1 may be involved in the development ofhenoch-schonlein purpura and purpura nephritis.

Aim To investigate the antioxidant capacity of crocetin and crocin in an in vivo system.Methods Column chromatography was applied to the seperation of crocetin and crocin-1 from gardenia.Crocetin(6.25,12.5 and 25.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and crocin (18.7,37.5 and 75.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) were orally administered to kunming mice.Then,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in mice were determined for the comparison of antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin-1.Results Oral administration of crocetin and crocin for six weeks could enhance SOD of liver and kidney,GSH-Px of liver and TAOC of heart and kidney.In addition,it could decrease MDA of serum in mice.Conclusions The comparison of results suggests the evidence supporting the comparable antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin.The results of the research also indicate that liver and kidney are two organs targeted for protection concerning endogenous antioxidant among various tissues.

Objective:To discuss the type, treatment and results of different therapies of biliary fistula after orthotopic liver tansplantation(OLT).Methods:Data of 24 patients who developed biliary fistula after OLT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with biliary fistula were classified into 4 types according to presence or absence of stricture. All patients were treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or interventional therapy, including endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) or percuteneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD). Main outcome measurements were the onset time of biliary fistula, the site of biliary fistula, the complications of ERCP or PTCD, the time of removing abdominal or biliary drainage tube, and the onset of new biliary stricture.Results:Biliary fistula was found in (46.5±36.6) days (6-122 days) after OLT. The numbers of patients in four types of biliary fistula were 6, 14, 2 and 2, respectively. Biliary fistula was cured in 22 patients, with clinical cure rate of 91.7%. All patients underwent ERCP first, and the technical success rate and clinical cure rate were 87.5% (21/24) and 85.7% (18/21), respectively. The clinical cure rates of ERCP forⅠ-Ⅳ biliary fistula were 6/6, 84.6%(11/13), 1/2, and 0, respectively. The clinical cure rates of ENBD and ERBD were 8/10 and 6/8, respectively. Five cases in whom ERCP failed, underwent PTCD, with technical success and clinical cure rates of 4/5 and 3/4 respectively. Eight patients(33.3%)developed cholangitis after treatment, and the incidence rate seemed higher in type Ⅱ biliary fistula than that in type Ⅰ [35.7% (5/14) VS 16.7% (1/6)]. Incidence of cholangitis was higher in patients with non-anastomotic stricture than those with anastomotic stricture [83.3%(5/6) VS 16.7%(3/18)].Conclusion:The first line treatment for biliary fistula after OLT is ERCP, followed by PTCD. The best procedures of biliary fistula typeⅠ-Ⅳ were ENBD, ENBD combined with ERBD, ENBD and PTCD, respectively.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the different ambulatory arterial stiffness index and the markers of renal impairment in order to provide a scientific method for detecting the renal impairment of essential hypertension. Methods Three hundred essential hypertensive patients without overt proteinuria were enrolled. The ABPM was performed and the blood pressure parameters were analyzed in order to estimate the symmetrical ambulatory arterial stiffness index (S-AASI) and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) . Microproteinuria was measured by urine microalbumin to creatinine (mAlb/Cr)as well as n-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)to creatinine rate (NAG/Cr). Creatinine clearance (Ccr) and Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were estimated from serum creatinine (sCr) . Linear correlations were performed to confirm the independent predictive power of S-AASI and AASI for renal lesion. Results Correlation test showed a significant positively relationship of S-AASI with urine mAlb/Cr (0.708, <0.001), urine NAG/Cr (0.700, <0.001) and sCr (0.229, <0.05) . Ccr (0.601, <0.001) and eGFR (0.309, <0.05) were negatively correlated with S-AASI. On the other hand, AASI was also correlated with urine mAlb/Cr (0.489, <0.001),urine NAG/Cr (0.470, <0.001) and Ccr (0.311, <0.05),but not with the sCr (0.064, >0.05) and eGFR (-0.135, >0.05) . S-AASI seems to get an independent relationship with all of the parameters of renal impairment which could not be detected with AASI. Conclusion This results suggested that S-AASI may be a better approach than AASI to estimate hypertensive renal impairment.

Objective To assess the role of health education in outcomes of diabetes mellitus among high-risk populations.Methods The community physicians who participated this investigation received standardized training,and 307 community residents at high risk of developing diabetes obtained three-month intense health education and nine-month follow-up study.Paired t-test,and Analysis of Variance were used for data analysis.Results After systematic health education,professional level of community physicians was improved.Cognitive level of health knowledge was also significantly improved (5.5 vs 12.6,t=-28.511,P＜0.05).In addition,health knowledge of variant age (F=4.036,P＜0.05),education level (F=15.27,P＜0.05) and occupation (F=9.80,P＜0.05) subgroups was significantly increased.In comparison with baselines,the scores of each age subgroups (F=0.204,P＞0.05) showed no significant differences,although scores of different education level (F=4.71,P＜0.05) and occupation (F=4.87,P＜0.05) subgroups were significantly different.The risk factors of diabetes were effectively controlled.Conclusions Health education should be the key to health management of diabetes,which plays important roles in improving cognitive level of health knowledge among populations at high risk of developing diabetes and reducing the incidence of this condition.

Objective To discuss the major complications of urologic laparoscopic surgery.Methods From January 2004 to May 2012,2 250 urologic laparoscopic surgical procedures were performed in our institute,including radical nephrectomies (690 cases),partial nephrectomies (285 cases),simple nephrectomies (126 cases),nephrouretectomies (270 cases),renal cyst operations (281 cases),adrenalectomies (310 cases),pyeloplasties (93 cases),ureterolithotomies (48 cases),radical prostatectomies (43 cases),radical cystectomies (49 cases),donor nephrectomies (50 cases) and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (5 cases).Medical records of each procedure were retrospectively evaluated.Intraoperative and postoperative complications were graded according to the Satava and Clavien classifications,respectively.Major complications were defined as Satava grade Ⅱ or higher,and Clavien grade Ⅲ or higher.Results Among the 2 250 laparoscopic procedures,53 major complications occurred,resulting in a major complication rate of 2.36％.Major intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 1.16％ (26 cases) and 1.20％ (27 cases),respectively.Vascular injuries were the most common intraoperative complications (58％) while the proportion of visceral injury was the second as 42％.The most common postoperative complication was bleeding (19 cases).Among them,3 cases died of multiple organ failure after second operations.Other major postoperative complications included wound infection (2 cases),urine leakage (1 case),adrenal crisis (1 case),ileus (2 cases) and incisional hernia (Ⅰ case) and 1 death caused by pulmonary embolism.Conclusion Major complications,including death,may occur at any stages during the urologic laparoscopic surgery.

The pathogenesis of HBsAg (+)/HBsAb (+) double positive hepatitis B virus infection was investigated by simulating HBsAg/HBsAb coexistence in vitro and establishing HBsAg/HBsAb double positive model in vivo. Eukaryotic expression plasmids PCI-SY, PCI-adw, PCI-adr, PCI-ayw, which expressed S gene product of different serotypes, were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells. Recombinant proteins were purified from the transfected cells. At the same time, HBsAg mouse antiserum was obtained by immunizing mice with PCI-SY plasmid. HBsAg/HBsAb coexistence was simulated using these antigens and antiserum. Furthermore, the expression plasmids expressing different serotypes of S gene product including PCI-adw, PCI-adr, and PCI-ayw were injected into mice via tail vein. HBsAg and HBsAb in mice sera were tested at the first and 7th day respectively after antigen plasmids injection. Both in vitro simulation and in vivo animal models demonstrated that HBsAg antigen and HBsAb of the same serotypes could not coexist, but HBsAg antigen and HBsAb of different serotype could coexist. HBsAg/HBsAb double positive hepatitis B virus infection could be due to infection of viruses of different serotypes.