Objective:To establish a headspace GC method for the determination of 7 kinds of residual solvents in bicalutamide, including dichloromethane, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, ether, acetone and ethyl acetate. Methods: The residual solvents in the substance were determined by GC equipped with an FID detector and linked with an Agilent DB-624 capillary column (30. 0 m × 0. 25 mm × 1. 4 m). The inlet temperature was 200℃ and the FID detector temperature was 250℃. The column temperature was raised by program:the initial temperature was 35℃, maintained for 13 min, raised to 180℃ with a rate of 100℃/min, and maintained for 5 min. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 1. 2 ml·min-1. The heated temperature of the headspace oven was 90℃, the heated time lasted 30 min, and the injection volume was 1. 0 ml. The solution medium was dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Results:Each solvent could be completely separated, and the calibration curve of each solvent showed good linear relationship with good accuracy. Conclusion:The method can be applied for the determination of residual solvents in bicalutamide.

Objective To study the change of cytokines in gastric mucosa of mice with Helicobacter pylori infection and explore the immune mechanism .Methods Twenty‐four 8-10 weeks‐old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into observation group and control group .After first 12 hours of fasting ,observation group was given 0 .5 mL/d Helicobacter pylori bacterial liquid with con‐centration of 2 × 109 CFU/mL for 7 consecutive days .The control group was fed with 0 .5 mL/d saline for 7 consecutive days .Then the mice were infected with Helicobacter pylori gast model was established .Using Real‐time PCR to detect the expressions of IFN‐γ ,TNF‐α,IL‐8 and IL‐10 in murine plasma within 2 ,4 weeks after infection .And after 4 weeks of infection ,mice were sacrificed , and their stomach tissue sterile were separated .ELISA was used to detect the levels of IFN‐γ,TNF‐α,IL‐8 ,and IL‐10 mRNA in gastric mucosa .Results There was significantly difference between groups 2 weeks after infection(P<0 .05) .With lastingness of infection ,the expression and the mRNA of IFN‐γ,TNF‐α,IL‐8 were significantly increased ,and the rate of increase of observation group was higher(P<0 .05) .Conclusion TH2 cells may have no effect on Helicobacter pylori infection in mice gastric mucosa and promote the expression of T H1‐type cytokines ,triggering immune response of T H1 .

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the separation and characterization of polymer impurities in azlocillin sodium for injection, and evaluate the efficacy of high performance gel filtration chromatography(HPGFC) method for determination of the polymer impurities. METHODS: Using two-dimensional HPGFC and reversed-phase liquid chromatography(RPLC)-mass spectrometer, an Ultimate SEC-120 column was used in the first dimensional chromatography, with isocratic elution using 5 mmol·L-1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as the mobile phase. An XBridge C18 column was used in the second dimensional chromatography, with gradient elution using 10 mmol·L-1ammonium formate solution(pH 6.5) and 8 mmol·L-1ammonium formate in mixture of acetonitrile and water (200∶50) as the mobile phase. Two mass spectrometers with ESI source were used for 2D-LC-MSn. RESULTS: The polymer impurities found by HPGFC also included penicillenic acid of azlocillin and decarboxylated penicillenic acid of azlocillin. The chemical structures of four polymer impurities identified in the second dimensional RPLC were elucidated. CONCLUSION: The 2D-HPGFC-RPLC-MS method can be used to profile the polymer impurities in azlocillin sodium for injection, which is helpful to realize effective control over polymer impurities in β-lactam antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the potential roles of tumor necrosis factor -related apoptosis -indu-cing ligand(TRAIL)signaling system in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.Methods Immunohistochemistry tech-niques were used,the TRAIL and its receptor(TRAILR3,TRAILR4)protein were analyzed in both 41 colorectal cancer samples(colorectal cancer group)and normal samples beside cancer tissue(normal group).Results The lev-els of TRAIL and TRAILR3 protein expression in the colorectal cancer group were significantly lower than those in the normal group[(0.237 ±0.036)vs.(0.289 ±0.069);(0.226 ±0.052)vs.(0.281 ±0.068),t =4.125,4.025,all P <0.01],while the positive rate of them were nonsignificant difference between the two groups(88% vs.90%;95%vs.93%,χ2 =0.125,0.213,all P >0.05).The expression levels of them in the colorectal cancer group with poorl differentiation were notably lower than those with high -moderate differentiation[(0.205 ±0.021 )vs (0.245 ± 0.034);(0.185 ±0.032)vs (0.236 ±0.051),t =4.025,2.664,P <0.01,P <0.05],but they were not strongly correlated to lymph nodes metastasis[(0.235 ±0.035 )vs (0.241 ±0.338);(0.216 ±0.048)vs (0.231 ± 0.054),t =0.448,0.862,all P >0.05].Moreover,the positive rate and expression levels of TRAILR4 protein was non -statistic significant difference between the two groups[93% vs 98%;(0.196 ±0.085)vs (0.219 ±0.061),χ2 =1.051,t =1.353,all P >0.05],and it was also non -significantly correlated with cancer cell differentiation and lymph nodes metastasis[(0.176 ±0.052)vs (0.201 ±0.091);(0.194 ±0.054)vs (0.197 ±0.100),t =0.667, 0.448,all P >0.05].Conclusion The levels of TRAIL and TRAILR3 expression are attenuated at colorectal cancer tissue.The expression of them are correlated with cancer cell differentiation grade.These findings indicate that TRAIL system may be associated with the malignant phenotype in colorectal cancer.

Localization of 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in thyroid follicular cells and endothelium was examined by cytochemical methods for electron microscopy. In thyroid follicular cells reaction product deposition associated with 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was localized at the plasma membrane. In these cells, the enzyme activity appeared mostly localized on the apical and lateral plasma membrane, and also appeared on the outer surface of nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when cAMP and snake venom were omitted simultaneously, no enzyme activity was observed. 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity also appeared on the luminal surface of endothelium of small blood vessels.

Objective To acknowledge the quality of life (QOL) in patients after lung transplantation and to explore related factors. Methods A cross- sectional study design and a convenience sampling were performed in this research. Totally 30 patients after lung transplantation were investigated. The questionnaires which used to explore the quality of life were Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaires (SF-36) and Revised Airways Questionnaires 20 (AQ20-R). Related state were surveyed by questionnaires consisted of demographic questionnaires, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Medical Coping Mode Questionnaires (MCMQ). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software. Correlation analysis and multivariate analysis were performed using Pearson linear correlation analysis and multi-linear regression. Results The scores among the 8 dimensions of SF-36 were(34.48±16.73)-( 71.63±22.83), lower than those of norms(Z=-9.684--2.817, P<0.05 or 0.01). Somatic pain scored the highest (71.63±22.83), while physiological function scored the lowest (34.48±16.73). The mean score of AQ20-R was 7.93±5.21. The major two problems that manifested QOL were: uncomfortable feeling of lung caused by strong scent, smog or perfume, exhausted feeling after having a cold. The mean scores of SAS and SDS were 44.33±9.33,48.05±9.80, higher than those of norms, which were 33.80 ± 5.90, 41.88 ± 10.57 (t=6.1833, 3.4458, P < 0.01). The scores among the 3 dimensions of MCMQ were 8.93 ± 2.08, 16.10 ± 2.28, 3.63 ± 1.33 and the differences were significant in 3 dimensions compared with those norms, which were 19.48±3.81, 14.44±2.97, 8.81±3.17(t=-27.7281, 3.9885,-21.3878, P<0.01). Conclusions In SF-36, role-physical of patients after lung transplantation was the worst dimension, while bodily pain was the best dimension of QOL. The QOL of patients after lung transplantation were almost worse than normal people. The related factors of QOL in patients after lung transplantation maybe:anxiety, depression and medical coping style.

Objective To establish the early warning model based on the control chart method for hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Wuchang District and to determine the optimum alarming threshold to provide the data support for HFMD monitoring work.Methods The data of HFMD in Wuchang District during 2009-2014 were collected from the National Infectious Diseases Notification System for constructing the data base.The mobile percentile method was adopted to establish the early alarming model,which was evaluated by the screening test.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the optimum alarming threshold was found out.Results The early alarming threshold of HFMD in Wuchang District was P90,its sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 75.00％,93.88％,50.00％ and 97.87％,respectively.Conclusion Determining the early warning threshold should be optimized according to onset characteristics combining with the local epidemic situation,which pays attention to regional specificity and increases the monitoring ability of infectious diseases.

Objdcts: To survey the mental health status of patients suffered from mammary gland cancer and the influence facts.Methods:Adopt SLC-90 sheet and questionaire of influence for basic status of mental health,to survey the mental health character and influence facts of 50 patients suffered from mammary gland cancer,contrasting with 50 healthy women.Results: The SLC-90 Summation of the patients are obviously higher than that of healthy women,P

Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the commonly used analgesic antipyretic anti-inflammatory drugs, which cause drug-induced liver damage and even acute liver failure due to take large amounts of drugs blindly, combination drugs-using or long-term medication. The mechanisms of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity mainly focus on the generation of toxic metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and microcirculatory dysfunction. This article summarizes the toxic mechanism of drug-induced liver injury induced by APAP, and summarizes the research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine on the protective effect of APAP-induced liver injury, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, organic acids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids compounds, sugars, alkaloids and other compounds, to provide a reference for the development of drugs to prevent and treat APAP-induced liver injury.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP)is one of the commonly used analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but it can cause acute kidney injury(AKI)or even acute renal failure due to blind, large, combined or long-term use. The mechanism reseach on the APAP-induced nephrotoxicity is mainly focused on the formation of metabolic toxic substances, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS), and changes in glomerular hemody namics. This paper summarizes the toxicity mechanism of APAP-induced AKI(APAP-AKI), and the research progress in the protec tive effect of active ingredients of traditional Chinese materia medicas(TCMM)on APAP-AKI, including polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, terpenoids, amino acids and other type substances, with an aim to clarify the key mechanisms and signaling pathways of APAP-AKI and to provide reference for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of APAP-AKI.