HLA (human leukocyte antigen) is critical molecule relevant to immunoresponse, which is always involved in antigen presentation and determining killing activity of immune cells against tumor. The abnormal expression of HLA in lung cancer is believed to be a common phenomena of tumor biology. It has been demonstrated that HLA expression varies in various types of lung cancer, even in differential stages of one type of lung cancer. HLA expression is highly associated with genre, progression and prognosis of lung cancer. The thorough investigations of the relationship between HLA and lung cancer and of mechanism of HLA abnormality will provide useful information for studying of development of lung cancer and tumor immunotherapy.

How to acquire new tumor antigens is a hotspot in cancer research currently.According to the nature of antigen epitope binding its ligand,we can identify and get unknown antigen epitope even its amino acid sequence through some analytical techniques and experiments,from T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibody levels.So the molecular mechanisms of tumor immunity will be more distinct.

Objective To evaluate the effects of 0.3 kb human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promotor on the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in human hepatoma cells. Methods By constructing the primer with special enzyme site, human AFP promoter was selectively amplified from human gene bank and eukaryon-expressed pAF-EGFP and pAF-DTA with AFP promotor and EGFP and with AFP promotor and DTA, respectively. pAF-EGFP was transfected into HepG2, SMMC-7721, and NIH3T3. The fluorescence was detected in order to evaluate the transfection rate. Results The expression of EGFP in HepG2 cells transfected with pAF-EGFP was significantly higher than that in SMMC-7721 and NIH3T3 cells (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of infectious diseases and diagnostic and therapeutic conditions in pediatric department of a general hospital,and try to find out the measures to decrease hospital infection.METHODS From Jan 2004 to Dec 2005,507 cases of infectious diseases were retrospectively analyzed in pediatric department of our hospital.RESULTS Among them epidemic parotitis,infectious diarrhea and bacillary dysentery were 56.2%,20.1%,and 17.4%,respectively.Others were measles,scarlet fever,rebella,viral hepatitis,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,typhoid,and syphilis.Among the cases,the most were outpatients.CONCLUSIONS Because the species of infectious diseases are various and the amount are large,the pediatric department is important in a general hospital for management of hospital infection.Strengthening the standardized management of pediatric infectious diseases and taking strong measures may play the important role in control the cross infection.

Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orchiectomy ; Teratoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the diagnostic points of multiple sclerosis and multiple metastatic encephaloma.Methods Choose a case of multiple sclerosis,which had been misdiagnosed as multiple metastatic encephaloma and operated on,to analyse its reasons of misdiagnosis.Results Reasons for the misdiagnosis:The neglect of the importance of the disease history.The scant knowledge of the early represen- tations of the atypical MS(demyelinating pseudotumor).The lack of the knowledge of the non-demyelinating lesions of the MS.The lack of attention to the different representations of the MRI scan between the acute MS and the multiple metastatic encephaloma.The excessive importance is attached to the imageological report. The neglect of the routine examination of cerebrospinal fluid.Conclusion When multiple metastatic en- cephaloma develops,the differential diagnosis of MS should be made.The further examinations should be done to those cases which are hard to tell the difference with metastatic encephaloma by clinical and imageo- logical representations.Try to avoid undergoing surgery or radiotherapy hastily.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Carcinosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of breviscapine on the proliferation and the expression of thrombin receptor mRNA of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) . Methods Rat thoracic aortic VSMCs cultivated in vitro were randomly assigned to control,breviscapine 0.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL groups, The proliferation was induced by thrombin, The proliferative effect of VSMCs was measured by the3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation method; the expression intensity of thrombin receptor mRNA relative to β-actin mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The incorporation rate (cpm/1. 5 × 105 cells) of3H-TdR were 1 216. 00±241.57,673.25±12.63,602.50±80.59, and 522.00±103.99 respectively in the control, and breviscapine 0. 5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL groups. As compared with the control group, the prolifera-tion of rat thoracic aortic VSMCs was inhibited significantly in all breviscapine groups (all P<0.05). RT-PCR showed that the expressions of thrombin receptor mRNA relative to β-actin mRNA were 0. 614, 0. 389, 0. 310, and 0. 280 respectively in the control, and breviscapine 0. 5μg/mL, 5μg/mL and 50 μg/mL groups, The expression ratios of TR/β-actin mRNA in thoracic aortic VSMCs in all the breviscapine groups were lower than those in the control group, which suggesting that the expression of thrombin receptor mRNA was inhibited. Conclusions Breviscapine inhibits the proliferation of rat VSMCs. Its mechanism may he associated with the inhibition of the thrombin receptor gene expression of VSMCs.

Objective To discuss the experience of antegrade radical retropublic prostatectomy. Methods Thirty cases of prostate cancer were treated by antegrade radical retropublie prostateeto-my. The mean age of patients was 64 years. There were 8 cases of T_1, 15 cases of T_2, and 7 cases of T_3. The surgery included following procedures: Firstly the vesical neck was divided. Then the seminal vesicle and the prostate were freed from above downward. After the urethra was separated from the prostatic apex, the proximal end of urethra was sutured to the new vesical neck. Results All the 30 laparoscopic surgeries were accomplished successfully. The mean operative time was 2.5 hours. The mean blood loss was 350 ml in the operation. No ureteral injury, rectal injury and other severe compli-cation was observed. Histopathologic study showed prostate cancer for all the cases. Four cases had positive surgical margins. All cases were followed up from 6 to 48 months (average 25 months) with-out dysuria and permanent incontinence. No death occurred. Sexual function recovered in 7/13(54%) cases after the operation. Conclusions Antegrade radical retropublic prostatectomy provides low complication, tittle bleeding and positive surgical margins. It is an effective and sale procedure to treat prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the procurability and prices of essential medicines in Hubei Xiaogan rural area.METHODS:According to the standard methodology for the investigation of drug prices recommended by the World Health Organization and European Health Action International organization,a survey on the procurability and prices of essential medicines was conducted in 4 hospitals and 3 drugstores in Hubei Xiaogan rural area.RESULTS:The procurability of essential medicines in both hospitals and drugstores was low.The prices of drugs were lower in drugstores than in hospitals.As compared with the international reference prices,the drug prices in drugstores were lower while those in hospitals were higher.The markup ratio in one hospital was far above 15.0%,while those in the other two hospitals were all within 15.0%.CONCLUSION:The procurability of essential medicines in Hubei Xiaogan rural area remains to be increased,and there is space for the reduction of drug prices.