Chronic hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. This article summarizes the pathogenesis of HBV-related carcinogenesis and the viral and host factors that may increase the risk of HCC development. HBV has 40RFs (S,C,P,X). The approach associated with HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis includes paint mutation, insertion mutation and deletion mutations.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in CBM(Chinese Biomedical Database),CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure),Wan-fang,VIP,Pub-Med,Web of Knowledge and EBSCO to collect articles published at home and abroad between 1994-2012 concerning the effectiveness of health education interventions on endemic fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.The study was a self-controlled intervention study.The quality of literature was evaluated using the standards of Cochrane and EPOC.Meta-analysis was performed to assess the knowledge about fluorosis prevention using Rev-Man 5.0.Homogeneous data(P ＞ 0.05) was analyzed using a fixed effects model,and heterogeneous data (P≤ 0.05) was analyzed using a random effects model.Results A total of 146 Chinese research papers and 192 English research papers were retrieved.By screening,35 Chinese research papers meet the standards.After reading the full text,6 papers were selected.English literature was not found.According to EPOC criteria all the six literatures included were grade B.Because heterogeneity of the literatures was higher,knowledge point was stratify analyzed according to the study subjects.The intervention effect of students was higher than that of the housewives.After the intervention,the fluorosis disease prevention knowledge awareness of schoolchildren and housewives were increased by 28％ and 26％.Conclusions Health education has a good effect in improving the knowledge of fluorosis for Chinese students and housewives.

It presented in detail the acquisition of Qingdao Wan Jie Hospital by the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, describing the operational mechanisms in organizational setup, specialty setup, personnel management, logistic management, hospital culture and branding of the newly acquired section. It also summarized the achievements in medical resources reorganization and advantages complementary without government investment in a fast and low-cost manner. It is demonstrated that hospital acquisitions are in line with the medical reform, as they expand the service coverage of public hospitals, and extend medical service to the communities and lower levels, thus enhancing hospitals' impact and reach to integrate medical resources in a short timeframe.

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in dogs.Methods Twelve pure bred beagle dogs of both sexs weighing 8-12.5 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: NO group received mechanical ventilation with NO inhalation (n = 6) and control group received only mechanical ventilation ( n = 6) . Sepsis and ARDS were induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin as described in detail in our previous paper. Hemodynamics and pulmonary oxygenation were monitored and shunt fraction was calculated. At the end of experiment the animals were sacrificed and lung tissue was obtained aseptically and stored in the liquid nitrogen at - 180℃ . The total RNA was extracted. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA. The total RNA was reversely transcripted to cDNA. Then the cDNA was amplified by PCR. The product of PCR was scanned by gel-image analysis system.?-action was used as internal control. Semi-quantitative method was adopted for measurement of TNF-? ,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA expression. Results The expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased in NO group compared with those in control group.Conclusion NO inhalation reduces expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CDllb mRNA in lung tissue during ARDS induced by intravenous endotoxin.

Objective To investigate the changes in pharmacokinetics of propofol and propofol concentration in the brain induced by normovolemic hemodilution ( NHD) . Methods Thirteen healthy male mongrel dogs weighing 10-15 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group ( n = 7) and NHD group ( n = 6). The animals were anesthetized with intravenous diazepam 0.5 mg?kg-1 and ketamine 5 mg?kg-1 . The femoral artery and vein were cannulated. Lactated Ringer's solution was infused at 5-7 ml ? kg-1 ? h-1 . 30 min after induction of anesthesia NHD was conducted by removing blood from femoral artery and replacing it with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) until Hct was reduced to 25% . Propofol was then infused at 10 mg?kg-1 ?h-1 for 30 min after NHD. Arterial blood samples were taken immediately before and at 1, 2, 5 , 10, 15, 20, 30, 31, 32, 35, 40, 50, 70, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 and 300 min after propofol infusion was started for determination of plasma propofol concentrations. One week later the same NHD was repeated. Propofol was administered by TCI via Graseby 3500 infusion pump incorporated with Stanpump TCI software. Target plasma propofol concentration was set at 5 ?g?ml-1 . Arterial blood and CSF samples were obtained at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after the start of propofol infusion for determination of plasma propofol concentration ( bound and free) , plasma free propofol concentration and CSF propofol concentration. At the end of 60 min, after the collection of blood and CSF samples, brain tissue was obtained from the cerebral cortex of right frontal lobe for determination of brain propofol content. ECG, BP, arterial blood gases and body temperature were monitored during experiment.Results The plasma propofol concentrations were significantly lower during and after propofol infusion at 10 mg? kg-1 ? h-1 in NHD group than in control group ( P

BACKGROUND:The design of proximal femoral locking compression plate existed defects. Therefore, our team designed triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm according to proximal femoral locking compression plate (patent No. 201220051751.2).
OBJECTIVE:To design and make triangle truss locking plate and evaluate its biomechanical properties.
METHODS:Triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm was designed based on the support of two proximal screws of proximal femoral locking compression plate. Five pairs of fresh adult femur specimens were prepared, and the model of A3.1 (AO classification) reverse intertrochanteric fracture was established. Experimental group (right side) was fixed with triangle truss locking plate. Control group (left side) was fixed with proximal femoral locking compression plate. Stress distribution of the screws of proximal end of the plate, stress distribution of the fracture ends, the opening angle of fracture, and maximum load were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Stress distribution of the four screws of the proximal femoral locking compression plate was average in the experimental group, and the stress distribution of the two screws of triangle truss locking plate was close. Stress distribution of the four screws was not average in the control group. The proximal screw bearing stress was bigger in the control group than in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (2) Open angle under different loads were significantly smaler in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Maximum load was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the position of damage was different between the two groups. The fixation in the experimental group was reasonable. These findings suggest that various biomechanic properties of the triangle truss locking plate with hyper-short arm were better than that of proximal femoral locking compression plate. Its fixation was reliable. Triangle truss locking plate could effectively reduce or avoid breakage of the plate and screw or coxa vara.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA) and TACE combined with 125I interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and to compare the results of the two therapies.Methods Fifty patients with HCC underwent TACE and RFA during laparotomy and 34 patients received TACE and radioactive 125I particle seeding.Four weeks after the procedure,dynamic enhanced CT or MR scanning was performed for a check.If the lipiodol deposit was poor,TACE was repeated.Follow-up check was made at regular intervals to observe the results.Results One month after the treatment,the local control rate of the tumor for TACE +RFA and TACE + 125I particle seeding combination therapy was 98.0% and 97.1%,respectively.No statistically significant difference existed between the two therapies.Conclusions Both TACE combined with RFA or with 125I particle seeding are effective therapies for HCC,which can be regarded as an ideal alternative therapy for patients who have failed to respond to TACE alone.

Objective To study on quenching free radical substances in antarctic ice alga.Methods Antarctic ice alga Berkeleya rutilans H-15 used as material,complete experiment of preparation free radical scavenging substances was established.All of these include the extraction of active substances by methanol,then pursuing and determination of the separation effect and change of active substances by DPPH and Godin method;the primary separation and purification by silica gel 60 column chromatogram;the farther purification by Sephadex LH column chromatogram and the purity determination of compound by HPLC.The type of compound and functional group of high pure compound were determined by the IR spectrum,HPLC-MS.Results One pure compound with strong activity was obtained from Berkeleya rutilans H-15,and it was confirmed to belong to phenol derives by analysis of IR spectrum and HPLC-MS.Conclusion It was completely feasible to find and acquire quenching free radical substances in antarctic ice alga,which initiated a new way to obtain natural antioxidant active substances from antarctic microorganism.

Objective To study on glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes of Antarctic ice microalgae.Methods Glutathione(GSH) content,glutathione produce ability(GPA) and glutathione reductase(GR) activity in 24 kinds of Antarctic ice microalgae were assessed using the spectrophotometer methods.Results GSH content of Cyanophyceae B-1 was highest.Total GSH yields of Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L and Berkeleya rutilans GJ01 were in the top two positions.GPA in most Antarctic ice microalgae was higher than that in mesophilic green algae,and only in two ice microalgae was lower than that in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.GR activities of Antarctic ice microalgae Berkeleya rutilans GJ01 and Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L were greater than that of the control microalgae.Conclusion It is possible that Antarctic ice microalgae will become a new resource of GSH.

Objective To evaluate whether second-look endoscopy could prevent endoscopic submucosal dissection complicated with delayed bleeding and to clarify what kind of lesions that need second-look endoscopy. Methods 98 patients with early gastric cancer by histological diagnosis from Oct. 2014 to Sep. 2016 were included in this study. Mucosal damage related bleeding within 24 h after ESD was considered delayed bleeding. Clinical data of patients, lesions, surgical factors, and the incidences of bleeding before and after the second endoscopy examination were retrospectively studied. Results The en bloc resection rate of 98 patients was 100.0%, and all incisal margins were negative. No gastrointestinal perforation, death or severe complications occurred. 5.1%of the patients (5/98) occurred delayed bleeding after ESD and had been successfully stopped in a second-look endoscopy, and none received operations. No delayed bleeding occurred in follow-ups of patients with negative delayed bleeding. 40.0 % of the patients (2/5) with delayed bleeding received blood transfusion. The median time of second-look endoscopy after ESD was the second day after operation (1 ~ 3 d). The median bleeding time of 5 patients with delayed bleeding after ESD was the first day after operation (1 ~ 10 d). The median duration of surgery was 75 min (60~150 min), and the prediction success rate was 94.9 %. The results of univariate analysis showed that age [(69.6 ± 7.9) vs (60.9 ± 10.1) years old, P = 0.003] and operation time [(90.0 ± 41.0) vs (66.0 ± 42.0) min, P = 0.000] were both the risk factors in delayed bleeding and non-bleeding group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that operation time (OR^ =1.07; 95%CI:0.73 ~ 14.63, P = 0.010) was the only predictor of delayed bleeding after ESD. Conclusions Second-look endoscopy might be effective in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric ESD, especially within 48 hours after ESD. The operation time was an independent risk factor for delayed bleeding after gastric ESD.