Progressing vasopressor-refractory hypotension is a major contributor to the high mortality of septic shock.The effect of corticosteroids on peripheral vascular circulation recovery and immune modulation is crucial to the survival of patients with septic shock .However, despite more than fifty years of animal experiments and human trials, the role of corticosteroid therapy in septic shock , its proper applications including dosage, duration and withdrawal remain uncertain and controversial .This paper reviews the development of research , the mechanism, application, and the future direction of low-dose glucocorticoids in the treatment of septic shock .

Objective To compare and analyze the changes of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 in different pathologictypes of gastric cancer.Methods 93 patients with gastric cancer were divided into different groups according to the histological types,pathologic types and TNM staging.The levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 of the patients were measured,then the results were compared and analyzed.Results The level of serum tumor marker of the moderately differentiated group was obviously higher than that of well-differentiated group(P ＜ 0.05),while the level of serum tumor marker of the poorly differentiated group was obviously higher than that of moderately differentiated group (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 between the well-differentiated group,moderately differentiatedgroup and poorly differentiated group were statistically significant(F =61.433,57.882,125.547,all P ＜ 0.05).The differences of levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 between patients of TMN Ⅰ stage,TMN Ⅱ stage,TMN Ⅲ stage,TMN Ⅳstage were statistically significant(F =189.624,95.236,80.342,all P ＜ 0.05).The difference of serum tumor marker between different histological groups was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The concentration of serum CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 will be higher if the gastric tumor is poorly differentiated or invades deeply,but the concentration of serum tumor has nothing to do with the histological types of the tumor.

Airway Obstruction ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

Objective To investigate the clinical value of hand-sewn ileal pouch anal anastomosis (HIPAA) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods The clinical data of 191 patients with ulcerative colitis who were admitted to the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 1989 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received proctocolectomy and open or laparoscopic HIPAA.Patients were followed up by questionnaire at postoperative month 3 and 12.The function of pouch was evaluated according to the defecation frequency per 24 hours and per night,Bristol scale stool form and Kirwan classification.The quality of life was assessed according to the Cleveland global quality of life (CGQL).Patients were followed up till April 2014.The independent samples were compared by t test,and data from multiple groups were compared by analysis of variance,pairwise comparison was done by LSD-t test,and the count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results Of the 191 patients,180 received open surgery and 11 received laparoscopic surgery.Nine patients were treated by one-stage surgery,175 by two-stage surgery and 7 by three-stage surgery.The pouches of 181 patients were J shape,9 were H shape and 1 was W shape.No patient died perioperatively.Eight patients had abdominal infection and 7 had incisional infection at early period after the operation,and they were cured by antibiotics.Four patients had pouch anastomotic bleeding and 4 had anastomotic leakage at postoperative week 1-2,and they were cured by local hemostasis or titanium clipping.Six patients had high intestinal obstruction,and they were alleviated by symptomatic treatment.Eight patients had inflammation of pouch,and they were alleviated by diet adjustment or antibiotics treatment.Two patients had sexual dysfunction.All the patients were followed up for 1-25 years.The function of the pouch was improved gradually.At postoperative month 12,the defecation frequencies were (3.7 ± 1.4)/24 hours and (1.3 ±0.5)/night,and the number of patients with type Ⅳ (Bristol classification),type Ⅴ,type Ⅵ and in grade Ⅰ (Kirwan classification),grade Ⅱ,grade Ⅲ were 107,76,8 and 177,8,6,respectively,which were significantly improved when compared with (6.5 ±2.8)/24 hours,(2.9 ± 1.5)/night,86,89,16 and 160,19,12 at postoperative month 3 (t =12.36,3.98,x2=7.76,29.27,P＜ 0.05).The CGQL indexes before operation and at postoperative month 3 and 12 were 0.37 ±0.19,0.67 ±0.16 and 0.82 ±0.13,respectively,with significant differences (F =6.011,P ＜0.05).There were significant differences between the CGQL indexes before operation and at postoperative 12 and 3 months (t =16.69,10.06,P ＜ 0.05).A significant difference was also observed between the CGQL indexes before operation and at postoperative 12 months (t =27.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HIPAA is suitable for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis.The function of the pouch is good and the quality of life is improved.

Objective To evaluate the strength of tobacco control at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang Province,to explore the strategies and measures on tobacco control,and promote a smoke-free government.Methods By multistage stratified random sampling method,12 government ageucies were selected in 4 counties.The information of tobacco control strength and smoke-free environment creation was collected by interview and field observation,and the scores were calculated by using the percentage assignment method.An intercept suuvey was carried out in four counties and there were 405 civil servants under investigation.The data were analyzed by frequency statistic and correlation analysis.Results The smoking rate of civil servants was 17.8％,and the secondhand smoking rate was 61.9％;84.7％ of civil servants adnmitted the harm of smoking and 96.8％ admitted the harm of secondhand smoking.Support for forbidding the cigarette advertisements was highest and increasing the cigarette price was the weakest.The scores of smoke-free environment creation of project counties showed that the average score was 50.60,Zhuji and Luqiao got a maximum score of 57.14,Haiyan got a minimum score of 42.86.The scores of tobacco control strength showed that the average score was 82.35,Zhuji got a maximum score of 92.16,followed by Luqiao,Jiande and Haiyan counties,82.35,80.39 and 74.51 respectively.The scores of tobacco control strength,include policy,political will,capacity,and tobacco control efforts were the highest in Zhuji county.The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of tobacco control strength had significant association with the score of smoke-free environment creation,smoking rate of civil servants,and approval rate of anti smoking in public places (P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall situation of tobacco control strength at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang province is good,but there is a relative shortage of smoke-free environment creation.Civil servants master the knowledge related to tobacco and support tobacco control policy.We should further promote the construction of smoke-free government.More effective smoking control measures should be conducted in order to raise the strength of tobacco control and finally implement the tobacco control legislation.

Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco use among college students in different populations by sex,age and major,and to provide evidence for smoking control and health decision.Methods A total of 4 638 college students selected in 21 colleges through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from Zhejiang Province were surveyed by using questionnaire analysis.Indicators such as tried smoking,current smoking,and secondhand smoke exposure,etc.,were calculated by weight on age proportions from the numbers of college students in Zhejiang.Results The prevalence of tried smoking and currcut smoking among college students were 29.72％ and 10.57％,respectively.The prevalence of tried smoking was 46.52％ for men,18.25％ for women;28.57％ for undergraduate,31.53％ for junior college;the prevalence of current smoking was 18.86％ for men,3.86％ for women;8.88％ for undergraduate,13.23％ for junior college students.The snoking rate in college students increased with age,the group of ≥21 Years was the highest (37.87％,16.09％).The lowest level of smoking was medical student (21.76％,2.19％).The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor and indoor places,and dormitory among students were 65.49％,60.33％,and 23.66％,respectively.In the past 30 days,college students have seen tobacco advertisement (47.38％),smoking scenes (60.20％),and got tobacco related gifts (10.40％),free tobacco products (8.93％);college students have seen information about tobacco control (60.50％),cigarette pack warning labels (58.45％),and learned the tobacco knowledge in class in the past 12 months (14.03％).Conclusion Current prevalence of smoking in college students in Zhejiang province remained at a high level,the rate of secondhand smoke exposure is high and in college students there was lack of tobacco control education in class.The results indicated that the policy about tobacco control in school was not enough and the task of health promotion should be taken more arduously.

Objective To compare the efficacy of four different methods to locate tracheal tube in the tracheal:modified transillumination method,21/23 cm rule,marked the intubation at a distance,and fiberoptic bronchoscope.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted.120 endotracheally intubated adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification Ⅰ-Ⅱ and admitted to Central Hospital of Fengxian in Shanghai from January to March 2015 were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into four groups (n =30) and located by 21/23 cm rule,marked the intubation at a distance,fiberoptic bronchoscope and modified transillumination method (using homemade locator guided by a red laser fiber to position the depth of tube) respectively.An endotracheal tube was inserted and measured the distance of the tube tip to the carina (TTC),vocal cords to tracheal tube cuff (VC-TC) in three different neck positions,i.e.neck in flexion,neutral,and extension position.The number of improper position in four groups was recorded.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,and body mass index among the four groups.Six of the 30 patients using marked tracheal tuba method failed to find vocal cords with laryngoscope,while the other three methods all completed successfully.① From neck flexion to extension,TTC was gradually increased,while VC-TC was gradually decreased.In neck flexion and extension positions,TTC distance in the 21/23 cm rule group was significantly shorter than that in the fiberoptic bronchoscope group (cm:1.44 ± 1.14 vs.2.11 ±0.54,3.01 ±1.18 vs.3.80±0.71,both P ＜ 0.05),and the distance was also shorter than that in modified transillumination method group (cm:1.44 ± 1.14 vs.1.93 ± 0.81,3.01--1.18 vs.3.45 ± 0.91,both P ＞ 0.05).VC-TC distance in the 21/23 cm rule group was significantly longer than that in the modified transillumination,the marked intubation,and the fiberoptic bronchoscope groups in neck neutral and extension positions,respectively (cm:3.07 ± 1.08 vs.2.28±0.76,2.29±0.90,2.49±0.86;2.64±0.94 vs.1.82±0.72,1.81-0.94,2.02±0.91,all P ＜ 0.05).TTC and VC-TC distances in three neck positions in the modified transiflumination group were shorter than those in the fiberoptic bronchoscope group without statistical significance.② If TTC was too short,an accidental bronchus intubation could happen,while if VC-TC was too short,an accidental damage of the vocal cord inducing by the cuff press could happen.In the 21/23 cm rule group,there were 7 cases that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus in neck flexion,and 1 case in neutral and extension positions respectively.In the marked intubation group,there were 4 cases that the tube wrongly inserted into bronchus in neck flexion,and 1 case in neck neutral position,and there were 4 cases that the vocal cords were pressed by the cuffs in extension position.In the modified transillumintion and the fiberoptic bronchoscope groups,there was only 1 case that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus in neck flexion respectively.Conclusions When neck position changed during trachea intubation,it was easier that the tube wrongly inserted to bronchus for 21/23 cm rule method to locate the position.Bronchus intubations and cuff press vocal cords could happen using the marked tube method,which was less be found using modified transillumination or fiberoptic bronchoscope methods.Finally,the modified transillumination methods can be used to locate with satisfactory effect.

Objective To compare the primary clinical results of the anteromedial portal (AMP) and accessory anteromedial portal (AAMP) techniques for femoral tunnel drilling in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods Data of isolated ACL rupture patients who had undergone single-bundle ACL reconstruction with autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons from March of 2012 to February of 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The femoral tunnels were drilled with AMP techniques in 14 patients (group AMP) and with AAMP techniques in 23 patients (group AAMP).All the patients were followed up for 6 to 29 months.At the latest follow-up the Lysholm,Tegner and international knee documentation committee (IKDC) scores were used to estimate knee joint function,while the Lachman test and Pivot-shift test were used to estimate knee joint instability.Results The average follow-up time was 16.07±7.31 months in group AMP and 13.35±5.92 months in group AAMP.In group AMP,the Lysholm,Tegner and IKDC average scores were 89.86±7.90,8.64±1.65 and 89.31±8.16,respectively.While they were 92.17±6.72,8.91±1.16 and 90.89±7.80 in group AAMP,respectively.In group AMP the Lachman test was negative in 11 patients and positive in 3 patients.In group AAMP the Lachman test was negative in 20 patients and positive in 3 patients.The Pivotshift test was negative in 9 patients,positive in 5 patients and negative in 20 patients,positive in 3 patients in group AMP and AAMP,respectively.There were no significant differences in Lysholm,Tegner,IKDC scores,the negative rates of Lachman and Pivot-shift tests between two groups.Conclusion Single-bundle ACL reconstructions using AMP and AAMP techniques for femoral tunnel drilling have similar excellent primary clinical results.

TGR5,expressing in many tissue cells,is a kind of bile acid membrane receptor and participates in a variety of metabolic and immune diseases.Activated TGR5 can keep the metabolism system in a steady state by mediating the metabolism of bile acid,lipid,and blood sugar,reducing insulin resistance and increasing the body's energy consumption; TGR5 could regulate the immune responses of mononuclear cell and Kupffer cell in the liver.For example,it can regulate the adaptive immune response by inhibiting the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells,and regulating the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells.This review mainly focused on the function of TGR5 in liver metabolism and immune and further explored the related mechanism,as well as its clinical significance in related liver diseases.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical critical disease, characterized by progressive respiratory distress, intractable hypoxemia, respiratory failure and so on, with high mortality rate and lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can be used in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), which cannot only replace the damaged lung epithelial cells, but also promote tissue repair and alleviate ARDS by secreting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis factors. This review focuses on the related mechanisms and signal pathways of MSC and its paracrine factors in the treatment of ARDS by regulating the balance of macrophage polarization.