Objective To evaluate the effect of nasointestinal tube in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Methods Patients receiving mechanical ventilation were randomLy divided into two groups.The two groups were isocaloric and isonitrogen.The study group used nasointestinal tube feeding.The control group used nasogastric tube feeding.Nutrition status,ventilator days,aspiration incidence and pneumonia incidence were measured.Results 178 patients receiving me- chanical ventilation were divided into two groups.The study group showed reduction in aspiration incidence and pneumoni- a incidence.Other measurements showed no significant difference.Conclusion Nasointestinal tube feeding could reduce aspiration and pneumonia incidence in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Object To study the chemical constituents of Frullania muscicola Steph (Frullaniaceae) Methods Seven compounds were obtained from the petroleum ether extract of F muscicola by repeated chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH 20 Their structures were identified by analysis of their spectral data and chemical reactions Results Three steroids and four flavonoids had been isolated and their structures were identified as: stigmasterol arachidate (Ⅰ), sitosterol (Ⅱ), apigenin 7, 4′ dimethyl ethers (Ⅲ), scutellarin 6, 4′ dimethyl ethers (Ⅳ), 6 hydroxyluteolin 6, 3′ dimethyl ethers (Ⅴ), scutellarin 6 methyl ether (Ⅵ), and daucosterol (Ⅶ) Conclusion Compound I was new and the other six were obtained from this plant for the first time

ObjectiveTo define the difference of urine analysis result,α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) and β2-microglobulin ( β2-MG) between those patients suffering from calcium oxalate stone,non-calcium oxalate stone and non-urolithiasis controls at the same time period.MethodsData from 100 patients admitted to the Department of Urology,First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July,2010 to September,2010 were reviewed.66 patients (45 men,21 women) suffered from urolithiasis,and 34 patients (22 men,12 women) were non-urolithiasis.Patients' ages in urolithiasis group varied from 13 to 78 years and the male to female ratio was 2.1∶1.0.The patients in non-urolithiasis controlgroup aged from 12 to 80 years and the male to female ratio was 1.8∶1.0.Blood and urine were taken from the patient the next morning after admission.The biochemistry from blood and 24 h urine were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The α 1-MG and β2-MG content were measured by radioimmunoassay.The stone compositions were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.ResultsThere was difference in the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen among three groups ( P ＜ 0.05).In controls,those with calcium oxalate stone had higher level of urinary α1-MG and β2-MG,but there were no differences in the urinary electrolyte levels.Group of non-calcium oxalate stones urinary uric acid levels were higher than calcium oxalate and control groups,the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionsIn the formation of uric acid stones,uric acid increased as independent risk factors.α1-MG,β2-MG may promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Surface electromyogram (sEMG) may have low signal to noise ratios. An adaptive wavelet thresholding technique was developed in this study to remove noise contamination from sEMG signals. Compared with convention- al wavelet thresholding methods, the adaptive approach can adjust thresholds based on different signal to noise ratios of the processed signal, thus effectively removing noise contamination and reducing distortion of the EMG signal. The advantage of the developed adaptive thresholding method was demonstrated using simulated and experimental sEMG recordings.
Algorithms ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

AIM: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on renal injury induced by lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice and its relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress response.METHODS: Healthy SPF male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 20~24 g, aged 8~10 weeks, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 each): sham operation group (sham group), I/R group, atipamezole (Atip) group, DEX group, and DEX+Atip group.In vivo lung I/R model was established by occlusion of the left pulmonary artery for 30 min followed by 180 min of reperfusion in the mice.The Atip (250 μg/kg), DEX (20 μg/kg) and DEX+Atip were intraperitoneally infused into the mice before left pulmonary hilus was blocked in Atip group, DEX group and DEX+Atip group, and other operations were the same as I/R group.After experiment, the mice were killed, and the renal tissues were harvested to observe the morphological changes.The enzymatic activity of caspase-3, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and cell apoptotic index of the renal cells were also analyzed.The expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homdogous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissues was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, renal cell apoptotic index, and the mRNA and protein levels of JNK, caspase-12, CHOP and GRP78 in I/R group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the renal tissues had obvious damage under light microscope.Compared with I/R group, Atip group and DEX+Atip group, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, renal cell apoptotic index, and the mRNA and protein levels of JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP in DEX group were significantly decreased, and the expression level of GRP78 significantly increased (P<0.01).Furthermore, the renal tissue damage was obvious reduced.CONCLUSION: DEX effectively relieves the renal injury induced by lung I/R in mice, which may be associated with exciting α2-adrenergic receptor and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress response.

AIM: To observe the effect of Shenmai injection,a chinese medicine,on apoptosis of cardiac myocytes after hypoxia.METHODS: Cardiac myocytes were separated from neonate rat heart and cultivated in vitro.Hypoxia condition was induced by mixture of 95%N2 and 5%CO2.Cells were exposed to hypoxia for 6 h or 12 h and treated with Shenmai injection(5 mL/L) from 24 h before hypoxia until the end of hypoxia.First,apoptosis was detected with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining by flowcytometry.Then,the activity of cardiac myocyte mitochondria was observed by MTT method.Mitochondria membrane potential and the activity of caspase 3,7 were also measured by laser scan microscopy and multi-detection microplate reader,respectively.RESULTS: The apoptotic cells became more and more with prolonged hypoxia.Shenmai injection enhanced mitochondria activity,kept membrane potential,inhibited the activation of caspase3,7 and then decreased apoptotic cells(P

AIM: To observe the effect of puerarin on myocardial injury according to the time of occurrence of myocardial injury in the development of type 2 diabetic mice.METHODS: The serum levels of glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterin(TC),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) in 17-week,20-week,24-week,28-week KKAy mice were detected by automatic biochemical methods.The apoptotic percentage of cardiomyocytes was examined by flow cytometry.The expressions of bax and bcl-2 mRNA in cardiomyocytes were detected by RT-PCR.Caspase-3 expression in cardiomyocytes was determined by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: Compared to normal control mice,not only GLU level increased,but also the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C in 20-week,24-week and 28-week KKAy mice increased apparently(P

AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingjiening(QJN) on cytokines in sheep red blood cell(SRBC)-immunized mice. METHODS: After immunization of mice with SRBC, the effect of QJN o n IL-1、IFN-?、IL-2 in mice was observed, the IFN-? level was measured by macrophage NO - 2-release assay, the IL-1 level was measured by thymocyte a ssay, the IL-2 level was measured by mitogen activated lymphocytoblast assay. RESULTS: QJN can significantly inhibit mice to secrete IL-1、IFN- ? and IL-2. CONCLUSION: The immunosuppressive activity of QJN may be associate d with inhibition of immunocyte to secret IL-1、IFN-? and IL-2.

Objective To analyze the clinical application of HLA donor specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by Luminex single antigen beads,and to discuss the impact of early intervention on renal function.Method In 64 cases of living-relative renal transplantation,DSA was detected using a Luminex single antigen assay before and after transplantation.The positive recipients were given large doses of intravenous irnmunoglobulin (IVIG) and increased doses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).The relationship between DSA and renal function was analyzed.Result DSA was negative in all recipients before transplantation.Ten cases of DSA positive recipients were found in HLA mismatch after transplantation.After the intervention,two cases of DSA positive recipients became negative,immunofluorescence intensity was decreased by more than 50％ in 6 cases,and no significant reduction was found in the other two cases.Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurred in two cases of intervention ineffective recipients after 3 to 6 months and the renal function was impaired.Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of DSA using Luminex single antigen beads may timely predict changes of renal function.Early application of large doses of IVIG and increasing doses of MMF can reduce the incidence of AMR.

Objective To evaluate the apparant diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cerebellar and the middle cerebellar peduncles in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Conventional MRI and DWI were performed in 18 clinically proved MSA patients with 7 cases of early cases (early-stage MSA group), 19 PD patients (PD group) and 18 agematched normal controls (the control group). DWI was performed using a single shot-spin echo-echo planar imaging sequences, and ADC values were measured in the ROIs (0. 16 cm2) of the bilateral cerebellum, the middle cerebellar peduncles and cerebral white matter. Then one way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 18 MSA patients, 11 had MR abnormalities, 8 had hot-cross bun sign in the pens on T2-weighted images, 11 patients had pontine, cerebellar and medulla oblongata atrophy, 10 patients had atrophy of the middle cerebellar peduncles, 2 patients had hyperintense rim of the putamen and putaminal atrophy on T2-weighted images. The ADC values in the middle cerebellar peduncles were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 98 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stnge MSA group [ (0. 95 ±0. 05) ×103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 77 ±0. 04) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 78 ±0. 04) ×103 mm2/s]. There was statistical significant difference among them (F = 91.049,55. 301, P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the middle cerebellar peduncles among the MSA group [ (0.86-1.13 ) × 103 mm2/s ], early-stage MSA group [ (0. 86-1.02 ) × 103 mm2/s ] and PD group [ (0. 68-0. 84) × 103 mm2/s] and the control group [ (0. 69-0. 82) × 103 mm2/s]. The ADC values in the cerebellum were significantly increased in the MSA group[ (0. 95 ±0. 09) × 103 mm2/s] and early-stage MSA group [ (0. 92 ±0. 07) × 103 mm2/s] as compared to PD group [ (0. 78 ±0. 05) × 103 mm2/s] and control group[ (0. 79 ± 0. 05 ) × 103 mm2/s ]. Statistically significant difference was found among them (F =39. 274,18. 623 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was overlap in the distribution of ADC values of the cerebellum [ MSAgroup(0. 80-1.10) × 103 mm2/s,early stage MSA group (0. 80-0. 99) × 103 mm2/s,PD group(0. 72-0. 90) × 103 mm2/s,control group (0. 71-0. 87) × 103 mm2/s]. There was no significant difference among the ADC values of MSA group, MSA group(early stages) and PD group and the control group in the cerebral white matter( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions ADC values in the cerebellum and the middle cerebellar peduncles have very important significance in differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.