Objective To study the application effect of health education guided by the theory of cross-theoretical model in the training of the first aid training in the basic units of the plateau. Methods Choosing 386 long-term presence of plateau soldiers, and divided them into the control group and the experimental group, the control group was educated by traditional method, in the experimental group, the health education was carried out with the trans-theoretical model, nursing experts gave them targeted intervention. The number of groups at each stage was analyzed in different stages, the same to examination results and pass rate. Results After 6 months of intervention, there was a significant improvement in the mastering of the battlefield Five emergency technology of the experimental group and the scores were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Theoretical results showed that pass rate of the control group was 89.1%(172/193), the experimental group was 99.5%(192/193), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.129, P=0.039). In the survey of technical operation, ventilation, hemostasis, bandaging, fixing and handling examination pass rate of the control group respectively were 88.1%(170/193), 89.1%(172/193), 89.1%(172/193), 88.1%(170/193), 88.6%(171/193), the experimental group were 99.5%(192/193), 97.9%(189/193), 99.5%(192/193), 96.9%(187/193), 97.4%(188/193), there were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=7.896-12.759, P=0.001-0.043). Conclusions Cross theoretical model has good effect on the application ofFiveemergency technology training in the high altitude troops battlefield, and can effectively improve the troops self- help and mutual aid capabilities, it is worthy of popularization and application.

AIM To evaluate the prevention and treatment of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine sodium (MPG-Na) and tiopronin (MPG) on acute liver injury. METHODS The experimental mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by D-galactosamine (Gal) was applied to investigate preventive and remedial effects. In the preventive experiment, the mice were ip administered with MPG-Na or MPG 37.5，75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, for 7 d. Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) was ip given into the mice 30 min after the last administration. In the remedial experiment, the mice were ip given Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) and 30 min later followed by MPG-Na or MPG 37.5, 75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1) , respectively, for 2 d. The mice were euthanized and serum was prepared 24 h (pre-treatment) or 48 h (post-treatment) after Gal injection. The activities of serum glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), the contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb), and the Alb/globulin (A/G) ratio were determined. The liver tissues were collected for histopathological assessment (HE staining) under light microscope. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the activities of serum GPT and GOT in model group were significantly increased. The injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis were observed. Compared with model group, the activities of GPT and GOT in pre-treatment groups were obviously decreased in MPG-Na 150 mg·kg~(-1) group. In post-treatment groups, the activity of GPT decreased in 3 MPG-Na groups. The contents of TP, Alb and A/G ratio had little change. In addition, MPG-Na alleviated the injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis obviously. Compared with MPG, MPG-Na showed similar effect. CONCLUSION MPG-Na has an obvious protective effect against Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice and the efficiency is equivalent as MPG.

Objective To explore the perioperative nursing of patients from high altitude earthquake-stricken regions. Method The perioperative nursing histories of 18 patients from high altitude earthquake-stricken regions were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the nursing experience.Results No wound infection,crush injury or complications occurred.Sixteen patients had good functional recovery,1 patient was at the stage of recovery about limb movement and another one was also at the recovery period from lumbar vertebral burst fracture complicated with nerve injury.Conclusion Close observation,psychological nursing and functional exercise are important for improved success rate of treatment for the patients from the earthquake-stricken regions.

Objective To compare the effects of four different analgesic techniques on hyperglycemia and stress response to abdominal hysterectomy so as to select a more reasonable analgesic model. Methods Forty-eight patients were randomly divided into four groups: groupⅠreceived 0.2% ropivacaine+fentanyl 2 ?g/mL+ 0.008% ondansetron for PCEA; groupⅡreceived fentanyl 8 ?g/mL+ 0.008% ondansetron for PCIA; groupⅢ received 0.2% ropivacaince+tramadol 2 mg/mL+0.008% ondansetron for PCEA and groupⅥ received tramadol 8 mg/mL+ 0.008% ondansetron for PCIA. The four groups all included loading dose of 5 mL, bolus of 1mL with lock time of 10 minutes and background 1 mL/h. The level of blood glucose, insulin and cortisol were observed at five points: before anesthesia, at 2nd hour, 24th hour, 48th hour and 72th hour after the end of surgery. Results All the four analgesic techniques produced satisfactory pain relieve. Hyperglycemia was inhibited more efficiently in groupⅠand group Ⅲ than in groupⅡ and groupⅥ(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between dendritic cell (DC)and intestinal endotoxemia in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Peripheral blood were collected from CHB patients (n = 80)and healthy controls (n = 21 ).Plasma endotoxin (ET)levels,liver function (alanine transaminase,total bilirubin)were detected.According to plasma ET concentration,all CHB patients were divided into two groups:ET positive and ET negative.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)were isolated and then cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF),recombinant human interleukin-4 ( rhIL-4 ),FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)to derive DC.The phenotypic patterns were characterized by flow cytometry.The proliferation of T lymphocytes was evaluated with mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR)and the levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)produced by DC were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Comparisons among the two groups and healthy control group were done by single factor analysis of variance.Results Compared to healthy controls,the expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes by DC were all significantly reduced in CHB patient groups.The expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86,HLA-DR and the activation of proliferation in ET positive subjects were lower than those in ET negative subjects [CD83 (8.25±3.63)% vs(11.39±4.35)% ,CD80 (10.63±4.52)% vs (13.56±5.13)%,CD86 (36.61±16.16)% vs (45.90±15.35)%,HLA-DR (61.65±14.33)% vs (70.35±18.89)%,the activation of proliferation0.812±0.311 vs 1.153±0.324; F=5.123,4.213,3.714,3.323 and 3.125,respectively; all P＜0.05].After cultured for 9 days,the secretions of IL-12 and IFN-γ by DC were significantly lower in CHB patients than in healthy controls [IL-12 (16.99± 6.74)pg/mL vs (44.51±14.56)pg/mL,IFN-γ (10.52±4.19)pg/mL vs (17.94±5.86)pg/mL].The level of IL-12 in the ET positive group was significantly lower than that ET negative group [( 13.14 ±5.71)pg/mL vs (20.98 ± 9.03)pg/mL; F= 3.225,P = 0.016].The level of IFN-γ was not different between two groups [(9.46 ± 3.24)pg/mL vs (11.54 ± 5.20)pg/mL; F = 2.003,P =0.076].Conclusion The intestinal endotoxemia may play a role in DC dysfunction in CHB patients.

ObjectiveTo study information transmission circumstances within the neural circuits related to the attentional controls of the mate depression patients.MethodsTwelve unipolar depression patients and twelve age- and education- matched healthy controls were involved in the Stroop word-color interference test to detect the variation of brain inhibitory function by Magnetoencephalography scanning.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls,the abnormally activities in depressed patients during in chronological order were separately as follow:decreased activation in the left postcentral gyrus ( t =3.10 ),the right superior frontal gyrus ( t =2.16 ),the left middle frontal gyrus (t=2.64),the left parietal lobe (t=2.89),the right middle temporal grus( t=1.92),the right superior temporal gyrus(t=2.84),the right insula(t=3.03),the right precuneus(t=2.98),the bilateral middle frontal gyros ( t =3.64,t =2.25 ),the right postcentral gyrus ( t =2.20),the right cingulate gyrus ( t =4.04 ),the bilateral precuneus ( t =2.79,t =1.87 ) ;increased activation in the left caudate body ( t =1.91 ),the left pulvinar ( t =2.56),the left middle temporal gyrus( t =1.89),the left precentral gyrus( t =2.02) (P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected).ConclusionThe abnormal activation in the brain regions related with attentional control processing is detected in the male recurrent unipolar recurrent major depression,performances of limbic system increased and.cortex declined more in the recurrent depressed.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is a kind of multipotent adult stem cells,which is one of the most important seed sources of tissue engineering.Microgravity has inhibitory effects on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs,which will cause bone mass reduction and changes of bone micro-structure that finally lead to osteoporosis.This process is regulated by multiple signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway,Notch pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway which co-regulated BMSCs osteogenic differentiation under microgravity.Studying the effects of microgravity on BMSCs into osteogenic differentiation can clarify the mechanism of bone loss,put forward new targets for the treatment of diseases and provide a useful reference for the development of China's space industry.

Objective To evaluate the effect of anti-histamine treatment on intestinal endotoxemia and liver inflammation in experimental chronic hepatitis rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats (15 males and 15 females) were randomly divided into control group (n =8),chronic hepatitis group (n =12) and hepatitis + anti-histamine group (n =10).Chronic hepatitis was induced by subcutaneous injection with 40％ of CCl4,and feeding with low protein,low choline,high cholesterol and high alcohol diet.Antihistamine treatment was given 1 week after the modeling by intragastric administration of ketotifen (1.25 mg/kg).All rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later.Plasma endotoxin,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBil),tryptase,histamine,interferon-γ (IFNγ),iuterleukin (IL)-12,IL-10 and IL-4levels were detected,and the changes in liver histology,the morphology and ultrastructure of mast cells were observed.SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.ANOVA was used for the comparison of measurement data,and SNK method was used for pairwise comparison.Results Plasma endotoxin,ALT,TBil,tryptase,plasma and liver tissue histamine concentrations were (81 ± 19) pg/mL,(186 ± 140) U/L,(10.2±6.2) μmol/L,(0.75 ±0.21) mg/mL,(145 ±52) ng/mL,and (107 ±43) ng/100 mg in chronic hepatitis group,while the above parameters were significantly lower in anti-histamine group except TBil (P ＜ 0.05).Under light microscope,fatty degeneration and fibrosis were formed in liver of chronic hepatitis rats,the hepatic injury was attenuated in anti-histamine group.Toluidine blue stain showed that there was many degranulating and degranulated mast cells filled with purple granula around liver blood vessels and in fiber-interval in chronic hepatitis group,and there were few purple granula in anti-histamine group.The number of mast cells in anti-histamine group was (6.5 ± 1.5)/HP,which was significantly lower than chronic hepatitis group [(10.9 ± 1.6)/HP,P =0.000],but was still higher than that in the control group [(2.2 ± 0.9)/HP,P =0.000].Under electron microscope,the phenomenon of degranulation was severe in chronic hepatitis group and moderate in the anti-histamine group.Compared with the chronic hepatitis group,IL-4 and IL-10 in anti-histamine group were significantly decreased (P ＜0.05),IL-12 was increased (P ＜0.05),but the level of IFN-γ had no significant change (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Anti-histamine therapy can significantly improve liver inflammation and alleviate intestinal endotoxemia.

Background Congenital aniridia is a rare congenital autosomal dominant disease,which is shown as aniridia of double eyes,and the paired box gene 6 (Pax6) gene mutation is now known to be associated with congenital aniridia.Objective This study was to screen the Pax6 gene mutation in patients with congenital aniridia.Methods Eleven patients with congenital aniridia were enrolled in Tianjin Eye Hospital from August 2012 to October 2015,including 6 patients from 3 congenital aniridia family and 5 sporadic patients.All patients received routine ophthalmic examination.Peripheral venous blood of 3 ml was collected from the patients for DNA extraction according to the standard process of DNA isolation instructions,and all the exons of Pax6 gene,Elp4 gene,exon 5 ' and 3',intron splice sequence and SIMO sequence were amplified by PCR.Pax6 genes of the patients were sequenced using Sanger direct sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and compared with those of 500 ocular trauma patients.This study complied with Helsinki declaration,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.Results Iris absence was found in all the patients,and the visions acuity was hand motion to 0.2.Lens dislocation was seen in 1 patient.Direct sequencing results found that three patients in AN-O1 family were c.688g＞t (p.E230X) mutation of Pax6 gene,and 3 of 5 sporadic patients carried c.468g＞a (p.W156X),c.613c＞t (p.Q205X) and c.141 +2t＞c mutant of Pax6 gene,and the c.688g＞t (pE230X) mutation was a novel-discovered mutation.No any mutation in Pax6,Elp4 gene and SIMO fragment was detected in 1 patient from AN-02 family,2 patients from AN-03 family and 2 sporadic patients by both direct sequencing and MLPA validation.No above-mentioned mutation was found in 500 normal individuals.Conclusions The mutation of Pax6 gene is a pathogenic mutation in congenital aniridia patients,and c.688g＞t (p.E230X) is a novel Pax6 mutant,which expanded the mutation spectrum of Pax6 gene.

Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a hereditary disease of pigment absence in eyes,skin and hair due to the lack of congenital melanocyte.OCA is classified into 7 types based on different genetic mutations,and the mutation of tyrosinase (TYR) gene causes OCA type 1 (OCA1).OCA has obvious genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic heterogeneity.The molecular diagnosis of the mutant gene is helpful for the classification and molecular pathogenesis study of OCA.Objective This study was to screen the TYR mutation in OCA patients,and to analyze the association between the gene mutation type and clinical phenotype.Methods Ten patients with OCA were enrolled in Tianjin Ophthalmological Hospital from January 2011 to December 2014.The clinical and ocular manifestations of the patients were examined.Peripheral venous blood 3 ml was collected in the patients and their lineal relatives for the extraction of genomic DNA.Extracted DNA was amplified by PCR and the TYR gene sequence was analyzed,including all 5 exon coding sequence and exon 5 ' and 3' end and the non-coding region sequence of intron splicing in TYR gene.This study complied with Helsinki Declaration and the protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital.Informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results All the patients showed white or reddish hair and snow-white skin,and different degrees of pigment lack was seen in iris.The best corrected visual acuity of the patients was 0.05-0.2,and 3 patients complicated with nystagmus.Fundus findings showed a sunset-like change and dysplasia of macula.The TYR gene sequencing revealed that patient 1 was OCA1A subtype,with the compound heterozygous mutant of c.832C＞T (p.R278X) and c.1217C＞T (p.P406L),and his/her parents occurred the heterozygous mutation of exons P406L and R278X.The phenotype of the patient 1 was white hair and white iris.The patient 3 was OCA1B subtype,with the compound heterozygous mutations of c.1265G＞A (p.R422Q) and c.1217C＞T (p.P406L),showing an appearance of reddish brown hair and sallow iris.TYR gene mutant was not detected in other 8 patients.Conclusions The mutation of TYR gene is the main cause of OCA1 type.The phenotype of OCA1A subtype is no pigment in eyes and hair,and one of OCA1B subtype was obviously lessening of pigment.The difference of mutant genes of OCA is the cause of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.