OBJECTIVE:To explore consumers’perceptions for pharmaceutical care by community pharmacist when purchas-ing OTC drugs. METHODS:Semi-structured interview was conducted for 100 consumers who were recruited in Xingqing District, Jinfeng District and Xixia District of Yinchuan,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,their expection for pharmaceutical care by com-munity pharmacists was summarized. RESULTS:Totally 100 residents were interriewed,and 97 completed a full interview with ef-fective interview rate of 97%. Consumers still did not clearly on distinguishing the OTC drugs. The majority of consumers chosen OTC drugs were based on experience and brand,a handful of consumers were under the guidance of community pharmacists. Con-sumers were most concerned about the efficacy,adverse reactions and drug quality in using OTC drugs. Most consumers were not satisfied with the pharmaceutical care in purchasing OTC drugs. Nevertheless,due to a lack of medicine knowledge,consumer had a great demand for pharmaceutical care and willingness to accept it. Low professional level of community pharmacist and staff in current community pharmacy and lack of effective communication between pharmacist and consumer were the obstacles of develop-ing pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSIONS:Because of their distrust on competence of community pharmacist,consumers seek less pharmaceutical care of OTC drugs at community pharmacy though they had expectations on pharmaceutical care of OTC drugs by community pharmacist. Consumers’rely on self-choice of drugs make them exposed to more drug risks.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury (in perioperative peri‐od) on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with rheumatic heart valve replacement surgery .Methods Patients undertook rheumatic heart valve replacement surgery with mitral stenosis were divided into three groups (n=20) in randomized and double‐blind method :control group (group C) ,dexmedetomidine 0 .3 μg/kg group (DEX1 group) ,dexmedetomidine 0 .6 μg/kg group (DEX2 group) .Central venous blood was drawn respectively before anesthesia induction (T0 ) ,2h after CPB (T1 ) ,24 h after CPB (T2 ) ,48 h after CPB (T3 ) ,72 h after CPB (T4 ) .Plasma muscle calcium protein I (cTnI) and creatine kinase (CreatineKinase MB , CK‐MB) were measured and mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at each time point .Furthermore ,extubation time , ICU stay ,postoperative inotropic score 24 h after operation ,drainage 24 h after operation ,cardio auto‐resuscitation rates and ad‐verse cardiovascular events were recorded .Results Compared with T0 ,HR was significantly lower in the T1 time point in DEX2 group .Compared with group C ,HR ,plasma CK‐MB ,inotropic score 24 h after operation and cardiovascular adverse events was sig‐nificantly reduced in the T1 time points in DEX1 group (P<0 .05) ,but the heart auto‐resuscitation rate did not significantly im‐proved .HR at T1 ,plasma CK‐MB values at T1 and T2 ,and plasma cTnI values at T2 -T4 were significantly reduced ;the heart re‐suscitation significantly increased ,myocardial contraction power ratings 24 h after operation and the incidence of cardiovascular e‐vents was significantly lower in DEX2 group (P<0 .05) .The extubation time ,ICU stay time and drainage 24 h after operation did not change significantly in both groups .Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on perioperative myocardial injury in patients with rheumatic heart valve replacement surgery ,and the effect would be better when the dexmedetomidine was infused at 0 .6 μg · kg -1 · h-1 after a loading dose of 0 .6 μg/Kg continuously .

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules generated predominantly during cellular respiration and normal metabolism. Imbalance between cellular production of free radicals and the ability of cells to defend against them is referred to oxidative stress (OS). OS has been implicated as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. After brain injury by ischemia, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may increase, leading to tissues damage via several different cellular molecular pathways. Radicals can cause damage to cardinal cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and neucleic acids, leading to subsequent cell death by modes of necrosis or apoptosis. Treatment with antioxidants may prevent propagation of tissues damage and improve both the survival and neurological outcome. The present paper reviews the antioxidants therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease, discusses probable reasons of inconsistency between animal experiments and clinical trials on antioxidants, and puts forward strategies against oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective: To observe whether transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) can improve the mechanical properties of tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) prepared by TGF-β1 and myofibroblasts. Methods: Myofibroblasts were isolated, cultured, identified, and seeded onto the decellularized aortic valve leaflet. In the experimental group, TEHV were cultured with DMEM containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 14 days. In the control group, TEHV were cultured with DMEM only for 14 days. The contents of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and hydroxyproline, the expression of LOX and COLL-1 mRNA, and the mechanical properties of the TEHVs were analyzed in each group. Results: The contents of LOX and hydroxyproline, expression of LOX and COLL-1 mRNA, Max-load, and Max-stress were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P<0.05). However, the experimental and control group showed comparable values of Max-strain and elastic modulus. Conclusion: TGF-β1 can increase expression of LOX and COLL-1 mRNA in the seeded cells during TEHV construction, increasing the production and cross-linking of collagen, and improve the mechanical properties of the TEHV.

Objective To identify homogenous clones of S.flexneri 2a, using gene distribution polymorphism of Shigella enterotoxinl and Shigella enterotoxin2 in a shigellosis outbreak by S.flexneri 2a. Methods 93 strains of S.flexneri 2a isolated from different areas, at different time were detected by Shigella enterotoxin1 and Shigella enterotoxin2 gene polymerase chain reaction to identify genetic type of S.flexneri 2a. Results The 93 strains of S.flexneri 2a were divided into 4 clones: ShET1(-)/ShET2(+)for 12 strains,ShET1(+)/ShET2(-)for 14 strains,ShET1(+)/ShET2(-)for 59 strains, ShET1(-)/ShET2(-)for 8 strains. Conclusions It is believed that Shigella enterotoxin1 and Shigella enterotoxin2 gene PCR analysis is a simple method for the primary screening of S.flexneri 2a.

Objective:To observe whether transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-?1) can improve the mechanical properties of tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) prepared by TGF-?1 and myofibroblasts.Methods:Myofibroblasts were isolated,cultured,identified,and seeded onto the decellularized aortic valve leaflet.In the experimental group,TEHV were cultured with DMEM containing 10 ng/ml TGF-?1 for 14 days.In the control group,TEHV were cultured with DMEM only for 14 days.The contents of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and hydroxyproline,the expression of LOX and COLL-1 mRNA,and the mechanical properties of the TEHVs were analyzed in each group.Results:The contents of LOX and hydroxyproline,expression of LOX and COLL-1 mRNA,Max-load,and Max-stress were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P

Objective To determine whether focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signal pathway was involved in migration of hepatocarcinoma cells by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation in HepG2 cells with focal adhesion related nonkinase (FRNK). Methods The recombinant of FRNK and pEGFP-C2, an endogenous inhibitor of FAK activation,was transfected into HepG2 cells. HepG2 migration was examined by transmembrane assay. FAK and phosphatinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) phosphorylation were detected by immunoprecipitation method. Confocal scanning microscopy was used to verify nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B). Results The transfection of FRNK recombinant plasmid could inhibit HepG2 migration, FAK and PI3-K phosphorylation decreased by 50.2 percent and 39.5 percent respectively. Furthermore, NF-?B translocation was down-regulated from 3.495?0.227 to 1.182?0.106. Conclusion These results suggested FAK was a main signal pathway in mediating HepG2 migration. Over expression of FRNK might inhibit signal transduction of FAK via depression of the phosphorylation of PI3-K and NF-?b activation, resulting in the decrease in migration of hepatocarcinoma cell.

Adult ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Facial Nerve ; pathology ; Female ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the relationship between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma. Methods Different prostatic tissues and non-prostatic tumors (PCa 70,prostate intraepithelial tumor 21,BPH 20,nonprostatic malignancies 30) were analysed for the expression of PSMA by using PSMA mono-clonal antibody and ABC immunohistochemical staining. Results All prostatic tissues but 2 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 4 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia were stained positively,while all of the non-prostatic tumors were stained negatively.There was a negative correlation between PSMA expression and histologic grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions PSMA was prostatic organic specific and could be a prognostic marker of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Objective To summarize the outcomes and clinical experience of orthotopic heart transplantations in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital.Methods From May 2000 through October 2005,141 patients,101 males and 40 females,diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy in 118,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2,restrictive cardiomyopathy in 2,end-stage ischemic heart disease in 9, primary malignant cardiac tumor in 4,valvular heart disease in 3 and others in 3,underwent orthotopic heart(transplantations) at our center.The operative procedures included 120 bicaval anastomotic cardiac transplantations,19 conventional Stanford orthotopic cardiac transplantations and 2 total heart transplantations.The immunosuppressive therapy strategies included Cyclosporine A or tacrolimus,corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil.For the latest 28 patients,induction therapy with Daclizumab was applied.Results There were 3 operative deaths with an operative survival of 97.9 %.During the follow-up from 1 month to 65 months,the actuarial survival rate was 90.8 % after 1 year,84.6 % after 3 year and 81.4 % after 5 year.Acute rejection,infections,graft failure and metastasis of primary cardiac tumor were the main causes of death in the 1st postoperative year,while acute rejection and graft coronary vasculopathy were the leading causes of death thereafter.Postoperative complications included acute rejection,infections,renal dysfunction and graft failure.Conclusions Orthotopic heart transplantation was proved to be a reliable choice for endstage heart disease with excellent outcomes.More attention should be paid to surveillance and management of acute rejection, infections and graft coronary vasculopathy in the long-term follow-up.