OBJECTIVE To investigate the nosocomial infection management,prophylaxis and control in delivery room and then to prevent the nosocomial infection events in delivery room. METHODS Concluding and analyzing the risk factors of nosocomial infection in delivery room,the management methods,prophylaxis and controlling measures were formulated. RESULTS The risk factors of nosocomial infection in delivery room were controlled by means of carrying out management and prophylaxis measures strictly. CONCLUSIONS Doing well in management,prophylaxis and control of risk factors in delivery room are the key to prevent the nosocomial infection event in delivery room.

Background and purpose: Brain metastases are common occurrences in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is a specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, which has been commonly used in the treatment for advanced NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of gefitinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Methods: Fifty NSCLC patients with brain metastases were reviewed retrospectively. All of them were treated with gefitinib, given orally at a daily dose of 250 mg. These patients discontinued administration of gefitinib when disease progression, death or intolerable side effects appeared. X~2 test was applied in response analysis. Survival analysis was compared with Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test respectively. The multivariate analysis was perfonned with Cox's proportion risk model. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: In terms of intracranial lesions, partial response (PR) was observed in 5 patients (10%), stable disease (SD) in 37 patients (74%) and progressive disease (PD) in 8 patients (16%), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 10% and 84%, respectively. As for systemic disease, PR was observed in 5 patients (10%), SD in 30 patients (60%) and PD in 15 patients (30%), overall ORR and DCR were 10% and 70%, respectively. Overall DCR was related to the patients' PS score and the number of brain metastases (P=0.004, P=0.022), but there was no statistical difference in overall DCR among different subtypes of age, gender, smoking history, histology, the onset of brain metastases, chemotherapy, brain radiotherapy and side effects (P>0.05). The median time to disease progression (MTTP) was 7.0 months, which was related to the patients' PS score and smoking history (P=0.000, P=0.045). The median survival time (MST) was 10.8 months, and 1-and 2-year survival rates were 44% and 6% respectively. The univariate analysis showed that the survival time was related to the patients' PS score. smoking history and the number of brain metastases (P=0.011, P=0.028, P=0.044). The multivariate analysis indicated that both the patients' PS score and smoking history were two independent prognostic factors (P=0.005, P=0.006) and the relationship of the survival time and the number of brain metastases was near to statistical significance (P=0.075). Conclusion: The patients with non-smoking history and favorable performance status(PS 0-1) may have better survival benefit and those with single brain metastasis have a trend to survive longer. Gefitinib may be effective on brain metastases in NSCLC patients and appears to be a possible new treatment option.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of mycoplasma infection and antifungal resistance to guide the clinical reasonable usage.METHODS Mycoplasma was isolated and its antibiotic susceptibility was detected by Mycoplasma IES test kit.RESULTS Among the 1103 samples,418(37.8%) were positive,including 268 with Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)(64.1%),13 with Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)(3.1%),and 137 with mixed infection(Uu and Mh)(32.8%),Young people with the age from 20 to 45 were the highest group of infection(80.1%),Sensitive antibiotics to mycoplasma in precedence order were doxycyline,minocycline,tetracycline,josamycin,and clarythromycin.CONCLUSIONS Mycoplasma is a common pathogen resulting in urogenital tract infection.We should pay more attention to monitor mycoplasma infection and use antibiotics properly and to guide clinically antibiotics usage.

11?-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the main causes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),which is caused by the mutation of CYP11B1 gene that encodes the enzyme.Researches have shown that mutations of CYP11B1 gene would result in decreased activity or inactivation of the enzyme in classical 11?- hydroxylase deficiency,and their relationship between genotype and phenotype of 11?-hydroxylase deficiency is not clear.

Objective To analyze the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Methods The clinical data of 352 lung cancer patients with brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed.According to the treatment modalities,patients were divided into palliative therapy group(n=28),simple whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)or chemotherapy group(n=49)and comprehensive treatment group(n=275).Comprehensive treatment group was subdivided into WBRT plus chemotherapy group(n=192),stereotactic radiosurgery(?knife)plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(n=72,n=16 for?knife plus chemotherapy and n=56 for?knife plus WBRT and chemotherapy)and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(n=11).In comprehensive treatment group,111 patients received chemotherapy≤3 cycles,and the other 164≥4 cycles.Survival curves of each group were drawn respectively,and both survival time and survival rates were compared among groups.Results The median survival time of palliative therapy group,simple WBRT or chemotherapy group,WBRT plus chemotherapy group,?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was 1.7,3.2,9.0,11.6 and 17.1 months,respectively.It was revealed by survival analysis that WBRT plus chemotherapy group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group (P=0.0000),?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group(P=0.0000),and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group and WBRT plus chemotherapy group(P=0.0001,P=0.0229).There was no significant difference in survival rates between neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group and?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(P=0.2543),and there was no significant difference in survival rates between those with?knife plus chemotherapy and those with?knife plus WBRT and chemotherapy(P=0.3804).In comprehensive treatment group,the survival rates of those with chemotherapy≥4 cycles was significantly higher than that of those with chemotherapy≤3 cycles(P=0.0000). Conclusion Both WBRT plus chemotherapy and?knife plus chemotherapy and WBRT are effective modalities for the treatment of lung cancer patients with brain metastases,and the latter has the tendency to gain more survival benefit.There is no significant difference in the survival time between patients receiving?knife with WBRT and those without.It is proper for the patients to have no less than 4 cycles of chemotherapy.

Cobalt or chromium alloys are the most common clinical materials of prosthesis and there have been some investigators at home and abroad have done related researches about the genotoxic effects of cobalt and chromium ions and nanoparticles. People have certain understanding about the mechanism of production of ions as well as their influence on cells. However, chromium or cobalt nanoparticles genotoxicity related research is still in its preliminary stage. In each stage, the mechanisms, from creating of the particles, through entering cells, until finally causing genotoxic, are still contained many problems to be solved. This article reviews the research progress in mechanisms of production and genotoxic effects of cobalt, chromium ions and nanoparticles.
Chromium ; toxicity ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Ions ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Prostheses and Implants

BACKGROUND:The functional reconstruction of large maxillary defects is a significant challenge due to the lack of bony support.In this paper.a new approach for segmental maxillary reconstruction and bony support foundation is put forward and tested by animal experiment.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the possibility of segmental maxillary regeneration by internal curve distraction osteogenesis of zygoma with the self-developed distractor.DESIGN:Animal experiment.SETTING:Department of Stomatology.the 252 Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Two healthy female hybrid canines of 1-1.5 years old and 20-25 kg were selected. Internal curve distractor was composed of three parts:curve track,movable part and a flexible central thread bar fixed at the center of the curve track.The former two parts,which was made of TC4,(Ti-6AI-4V),and the flexible central thread bar was made of nickel titanium wire. A 360° of counter clockwise rotation of the distraction activator achieved an advancement of 0.35 mm for the movable part;the maximum distraction length allowed by the distractor was 25 mm.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the animal experimental center of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 2003 to February 2004. The segmental defect of 18-20 mm in width was made in maxilla and zygoma to simulate maxillary defects.Then an osteotomy distal to the defect was performed to create the variable transport disk. The distractor was fixed to the residual zygoma and zygomatic arch for internal curve distraction osteogenesis.After a latency period of 5 days,the distraction started at a ratio of 1.05 mm per day (0.35 mm once,3 times per day) for 13 consecutive days. Before and after distraction and at the second, fourth and eighth week of consolidation, the bone radiographs of residual zygoma and zygomatic arch were taken routinely.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The general condition of the animals and distractor, and the quality and quantity of new formation bone in the distracted gap.RESULTS:Canines and distractor were in good condition during the experimental period.X-ray film showed that at the end of distraction, the bony transport disks were distracted about 12 mm around arc.At the 8th week of consolidation,the density of new bone was close to that of normal bone,and the curved bony regeneration was almost completed.CONCLUSION: The serf-designed curve internal distractor is fit the condition of major maxillary defects,and could be used for the internal curve distraction of zygoma.

Objective To explore the impact of transtheoretical model on sun protection behaviors of soldiers in plateau area.Methods A total of 208 male soldiers trained in 4 200 meters altitude and medically supported by our hospital were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=104) and the control group(n=104).The experimental group received health education based on the transtheoretical model,and the control group received routine health education.Score of sun protection behaviors questionnaire,sunscreen using behavior and score of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) before and after the intervention between two groups were compared.Results Score of sun protection behaviors questionnaire in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05),sunscreen using behavior in the experimental group was better than the control group(P＜0.05),score of the Dermatology Life Quality Index in the experimental group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Health education guided by the transtheoretical model can improve the plateau soldiers' sun protection behaviors,and it is an effective method of health education.

Objective To explore the possibility of repairing face rhombus defect after resection of pathological tissues on the special regions. Methods After rhombus resection of a pathological tissues on the special regions of the face, using four triangular flaps at the any sides of the defect to stagger suturing each other and to constitute peculiar "M" flap repairing defect in 26 patients (12 males and 14 females). Results The flaps were all survived. No straight line scars were seen at the repairing regions and no scars contraction for the face contour was occurred. Conclusion This is a simple and effective operation procedure that can be used for rhombus defect of the special regions of the face.

Object To study the ultrastructure destruction of plants in the process of microwave assisted solvent extracion and its mechanism.Methods Cell structures of fresh leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. were observed by transmission electron microscpoe.Results The cell structure changed when the leaves were under microwave radiation or soaked by solvents or heated, such as plasmoysis, destruction of cell organellaes, disappearance of starch grain and so on, while the cell wall was not broken both in microwave assisted solvent extraction and in traditional heating extraction.Conclusion Microwave radiation could lead to the relaxation of the cell structures, but not be enough to make the cell wall broken.