Sepsis and septic shock are the major causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. A large amount of studies on their pathophysiology have revealed an imbalance in the inflammatory network leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and ultimately, death. Cytokines, proteases, lipid mediators, vasoactive peptides, and cell stress markers play key roles in pathophysiology of sepsis. Although anti-inflammatory mediators can neutralize the promoting role of pro-inflammatory mediators, but persistent immune regulation may cause host susceptibility to concurrent infections. Therefore, it is a great challenge to seek effective clinical therapy against sepsis. To understand the complicated interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory agents in sepsis, and their interaction in signal transduction and immune regulation in sepsis constitute vital significance to the prevention and control of sepsis. Summarize the latest findings about mediators associated with sepsis and innate and adaptive immune system at home and abroad in recent years, and illustrate the impact of its effects on sepsis, which may lead to resolution of many unexplored queries in the future.

Dendritic Cells ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

The inheritance of famous old traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors plays an essential role in the fields of TCM research. Qualitative interviews allow for subjectivity and individuality within clinical experience as well as academic ideas of doctors, making it a potential appropriate research method for inheritance of famous old TCM doctors. We summarized current situations of inheritance research on famous old TCM doctors, and then discussed the feasibility of applying qualitative interviews in inheritance of famous old TCM doctors. By combining our experience in research on inheritance of famous old TCM doctors, we gave some advice on study design, interview implementation, data transcription and analyses , and report writing, providing a reference for further relevant research.
Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Physicians ; Research Design ; Writing

Rhodiola capsules show the resistant effects on ischemia, anoxia, radiation, fatigue and virus and so on, and can im-prove the body immune function to relief the plateau symptoms such as fatigue and cerebral hypoxia. The influence mechanism of rhodi-ola capsules in the effect of anti-high altitude pulmonary edema was summarized in the paper.

Objective To investigated the role of the autophagy lysosomal pathway in PD cells and the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods A dopaminergic neuronal injury model was induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells . Autophagosomes in PC12 cells were examined by transmission electronmicro-scopy( TEM ). The expression of LC3- Ⅱ , Cathepsin B were assayed by western blot analysis. Results TEM revealed that the autophagosomes were increased in PC12 cells after 6-OHDA treatment and appeared apoptosis. The LC3-Ⅱ (2h:52.57 ±2.27,4h:56.83 ±3.51,6h:73.43 ±5.41,12h:103.90 ±2.57,24h: 100.40 ±3.91 )and Cathepsin B expression ( model group: 113.80 ± 4.46; normal group 35.89 ± 3.40) were increased after 6-OH DA treatments (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The results indicate that autophagy lysosome pathway is involved in 6-OHDA-induced cell death in PC12 cells.

Objective To investigate the nursing professional values of different nursing groups and probe into the influencing factors.Methods By cluster and stratified sampling,a total of 583 participants including nursing students and registered nurses were investigated by Nursing Professional Values Scale.Results Nursing students and registered nurses hold a higher level of nursing professional values.Nursing professional value scores of nursing students were significantly higher than registered nurses.There was statistical difference between different nursing groups.Working years and monthly income were important influencing factors.Conclusions Nursing educators and administers could choose effective methods according to the condition to improve nursing professional values.

Objective To study the spatial arrangement of mouse connecting tubules（CNT）and their transition to collecting duct system.Methods The renal tissues of three C57/BL/6J mice were fixed by perfusion and embedded in Epon 812.Totally 2 000 consecutive sections with the thickness of 2.5 μm were obtained from the renal surface to the papilla.The serial images under microscope were digitalized and aligned.Thirty eight CNT were traced with a series of computer programs.Results The CNT from long loop nephron ascended towards renal capsule and merged with 5 to 6 CNT from short loop nephrons to form the so-called arcade,while the latter or some of the CNT from the superficial cortex directly drained into the collecting duct in the superficial cortex.The lengths of CNT and the arcade ranged from 150 μm to 500 μm and 600 μm to 900 μm respectively.Conclusion The arcade or CNT drains into collecting duct only at superficial cortical level,which suggests that the reabsorption of the glomerular ultra-filtration in collecting ducts keeps unaffected when collecting duct runs through middle to deeper cortex.

Objective To assess the clinical features and associated factors of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM).Methods Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed on 206 patients with DM collected at the Department of Dermatology,Huashan Hospital,Fudan University in the past 6 years.Chi-square test and t test were performed for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of ILD was 49.03％ in the 206 patients with DM.Heliotrope rash on the upper eyelids,Gottron's sign (papules),arthralgia,and cough were correlated with the incidence of ILD in DM patients (all P ＜ 0.05),and of these factors,the prevalence of artharalgia and cough were positively correlated with the incidence of ILD,while the presence of Gottron's papules was negatively correlated.The patients with DM and ILD showed a higher prevalence of abnormal serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and anti-Jo-1 antibodies,as well as with a poorer pulmonary function,compared with those suffering from DM only (all P ＜0.05).Characteristic imaging findings on computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with DM and ILD included linear opacity (57.4％),high-density patchy opacity (31.7％),reticular opacity (16.8％) and even ground glass-like opacity (13.8％),usually at the bottom or apex of the lungs.Conclusions In patients with DM,the prevalence of artharalgia and cough is positively correlated,whereas the presence of Gottron's papules is negatively correlated,with the incidence of ILD.Characteristic imaging findings on CT scan in patients with DM and ILD are linear opacity,high-density patchy opacity,reticular opacity and ground glass-like opacity at the bottom and apex of lungs.

Objective To investigate the intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy security with raltitrexed in advanced colorectal cancer surgical operation.Methods Sixty patients with colorectal cancer undergone surgery were randomly divided into trial group (n =30) and control group (n =30) according to the random number table method.The trial group was given surgical operation plus with intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed.The control group was given surgical operation plus with intraperitoneal saline perfusion.Theroutine blood test,liver and kidney functions,toxic side effects and complications in two groups before and after surgery were investigated.Results The white blood cells in trial group before and after surgery was (6.36 ± 2.63) × 109/L vs.(8.20 ± 2.08) × 109/L,with statistically significant difference (t =3.06,P ＜0.05).The ratio of absolute neutrophil count in trial group before and after surgery was 65.17％ ± 10.36％ vs.72.21％ ± 10.53％ (t =3.22,P ＜ 0.05).The platelets in trial group before and after surgery was (261.03 ±84.74) × 109/L vs.(228.47 ± 58.69) × 109/L (t =2.07,P ＜ 0.05).The white blood cells,the ratio of absolute neutrophil count and the platelets after surgery had no statistically significant differeuces between the two groups (P ＞0.05).The trial group had higher 1,2 level vomiting (60.00％ vs.23.33％;x2 =8.30,P ＜ 0.05),and nausea (30.00％ vs.6.67％;x2 =5.46,P ＜ 0.05) incidence rates,but there was no statistically significant difference in other toxic side effects (P ＞ 0.05).The major complications post operation included intestinal obstruction,incision infection,abdominal cavity bleeding,and anastomotic fistula.There were equivalent complications in two groups (6.67％ vs.3.33％,x2 =0.35,P ＞0.05;10.00％ vs.6.67％,x2 =0.22,P＞0.05;0 vs.0;3.33％ vs.0,P＞0.05).Conclusion For patients with advanced colorectal cancer,intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed is safe and feasible,and the adverse reactions can be tolerated without increasing postoperative complications.

Objective:To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaozhang tablets on the bile secretion in rats. Methods: Totally 60 rats were divided into 6 groups randomly. Jianpi Xiaozhang tablet suspension(high, moderate, low dosages), Shudantong suspension, Qinggan Lidan capsule suspension and 0. 5% carboxymethyl cellulose with the same volume was respectively given with intragastric ga-vage once daily for continuous 5 days. The bile was collected to detect total bile acids ( TBA) , total cholesterol and total bilirubin. Re-sults:Jianpi Xiaozhang tablets could notably increase TBA and total bilirubin in the bile (P<0. 01), and decrease the cholesterol content significantly (P<0. 01). Conclusion:Jianpi Xiaozhang tablets can promote the bile secretion.