Objective To study the effect and mechanism of a selective aldosterone receptor blocker, eplerenone (EP), on renovascular hypertensive rats. Method Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups: sham operation group, control model group, early EP group, late EP group, early losartan (LO) group and late LO group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary protein excretion (UPE) were measured before and every two weeks after operation. Histopathology and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene expression were examined in heart, aorta and kidney. Results SBP obviously increased in control model group as compared to sham group at week 10(132. 1 ?2.4 vs. 115.0?0.6 mmHg, P = 0. 0191), while early treatment with LO or EP could decrease SBP significantly as compared to control group. The control group developed significant UPE [ (21. 7 ? 1.9) mg/d] compared with the sham group [(13. 4?0. 8) mg/d] (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism and treatment of diabetes among elderly patients from the view of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).METHODS On the basis of clinical experience and the achievement of the modern medicine,we expounded the mechanism of diabetes among elderly patients and treat from eight parts.RESULTS Using eight different TCM methods to treat diabetes elderly patients,we found their good curative effect with less adverse reaction,good prognosis,and very suit for old man.CONCLUSIONS TCM has large potentiality and advantage among diabetes elderly patients complicated with respiratory tract infection.

Objective:To investigate the differences of gene expression and signal transduction pathways in large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels(BKCa) gene knockout rats and analyze the role of BKCa gene in pancreas.Methods:Three adult female BKCa knockout SD rats (BKCa knockout group) were donated by Professor Wang Wei from Department of Pathology and Physiology of Basic Medical College of Capital Medical University, and three wild type adult femal SD rats were used as wide-type group. The whole pancreas was resected and RNA was extracted. RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used for sequencing and DESeq2 differentiation analysis software was used for screening differentially expressed genes between two groups, and the gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. The key genes were validated by RT-PCR.Results:18 258 genes were detected by sequencing in the 2 groups. There were statistically significant differences in the expression of 348 genes screened by DESeq2, 200 of which were highly expressed in the pancreas of BKCa knockout group, and 148 of which were low-expressed. 214 differentially expressed genes enrichments were found in GO database, including 25 involved in biological process, 18 in cell components and 14 molecular functions. All 348 differentially expressed genes were found in KEGG database, 15 of which were significantly enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of key genes Hsp90ab1, Hsp90aa1, Foxo3a and Col1a2 in the BKCa knockout group was significantly higher than that in wide type group ( P<0.0001), while Thbs1, Pik3r1 and Ppp genes were not significantly different. Conclusions:Differentially expressed genes and related important regulatory signaling pathways were screened out between BKCa knockout SD rats and wild-type SD rats at the transcriptional level, and PI3K/Akt pathway was found to be the most enriched, providing an important clue for predicting the function of BKCa in the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of disinfectant (Cavicide) with benzethon chloramine and isopropanol as main active ingredients disinfectant on dental impression accuracy. METHODS: The effect of Cavicide on three impression materials (alginate, polyether and vinylpolysiloxane) were assessed using a standard model. The standard model was digitized by an extraoral scanner (IScan D103i, Imetric). For each kind of impression materials, thirty impressions were taken following the manufactures' instruction in the same conditions. Subsequently, the impressions were randomly divided into three groups, with ten impressions in each group. After the impression taking was completed, the three groups underwent pure water rinse for 1 min (blank control, BC), 2% glutaraldehyde solution immersion disinfection for 30 min (glutaraldehyde, GD), and Cavicide solution spray disinfection for 5 min (Cavicide, CC), respectively. All the impressions were digitized by the extraoral scanner (IScan D103i, Imetric) after disinfection and exported to a dedicated three-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic Qualify 2014, Geomagic, USA). In the software, the digital models of the impressions were trimmed to teeth and then superimposed with the digitized standard model via best-fit alignment. Root mean square (RMS) was used to evaluate the deviations between the impression and the standard model. The deviation in the anterior and posterior regions was evaluated respectively. One-way ANOVA test and the LSD post-hoc test were used to compare the deviations between the three groups (P < 0.05). The color map of each superimposition was saved for visual analysis. RESULTS: For the polyether and vinylpolysiloxane materials, the difference between the three groups was not statistically significant (P=0.933, P=0.827). For the alginate material, the difference in posterior region between group GD and group BC, as well as group GD and group CC were statistically significant (GD vs. BC, P=0.001; GD vs. CC, P=0.002), while the difference between group BC and group CC was not statistically significant (P=0.854). The visual analysis showed an obvious deviation in the buccal-lingual direction in group GD. CONCLUSION Disinfectant (Cavicide) with benzethon chloramine and isopropanol as main active ingredients using spray disinfection has no effect on the accuracy of the alginate, polyether and vinylpolysiloxane impressions.
2-Propanol ; Chloramines ; Dental Impression Materials ; Dental Impression Technique ; Disinfectants ; Disinfection ; Models, Dental

BACKGROUND:Conventional therapies for lumbar spondylolisthesis can result in trauma,bleeding and low back pain.With the vigorous development of spinal biomechanics and novel spinal fixation systems,we have more understanding on the reduction and fusion after spondylolisthesis.OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionvia the quadrant system on lumbar spondylolisthesis and related biomechanical changes.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was done in 23 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionviathe quadrant system admitted from June 2012 to September 2013.Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale score were detected at 3 months and 1 year after treatment,as wel as fusion conditions and internal fixation with or without loosening or breakage.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were successfuly treated,with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage and nerve injury.Incisions were healed wel in al cases except one case suffered from incision infection that wascontroled after 10 days of antibiotic treatment.Al the patients were folowed up.The Oswestry disability indexes and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved at 3 months and 1 year after treatment (P ＜0.05),but there was no difference in these two scores at 3 months and 1 year after treatment (P＞0.05).The improvement rates of Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale score were (65.3±14.8)％and (58.2±12.0)％,respectively.These findings indicate that the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusionvia the quadrant system is safe and effective to correct lumbar spondylolisthesis,maintains the biomechanical stability,improves patient's symptoms,reduces the incidence of low back pain and improves the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the value of MR imaging methods for the quantification of fat content in a customized lipid phantom at 3.0 T.Methods Eleven homogeneous fat-water phantoms (50 ml)with fat volume percentages from 0 to 100％ were constructed with reference to Bernard's methods.Fat tractions of the lipid phantom were acquired using water selective saturation (WS),fat selective saturation (FS),in-and out-of-phase imaging (IOP),iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) gradient echo imaging and IDEAL Quant imaging methods on a 3.0 T MRI system.For statistical comparisons,paired-sample t test,Pearson correlation test,and Bland-Ahman maps were applied.Results Evaluated fat fractions acquired by WS,IDEAL Gradient echo imaging and IDEAL Quant were (49.6±28.8)％,(46.0±28.4)％,(51.0±32.0)％,the result has no significant difference with the true fat contents(t values were-0.186,-2.218,2.713;P values were 0.856,0.051,0.055).Evaluated fat fractions acquired by FS,corrected algorithm and IOP were (64.2±26.7)％,(58.9±31.9)％ and (45.3±32.3)％,these three kinds of methods have significant difference with the true fat contents (t values were 5.168,4.273,-6.441;P＜0.01).All the chemical shift imaging methods correlated with the true phantom model fat fractions,r values were 0.977(FS),0.978 (corrected algorithm),0.982 (WS),0.99 8(IOP),0.993 (IDEAL Gradient echo imaging),0.999 (IDEAL Quant) (all P＜0.01).Each method's 95％ confidence interval of the mean difference acquired by Bland-Altman map was WS (-14.7％ to 13.8％),FS (-3.6％ to 32.0％),corrected algorithm (-4.6％ to 22.5％),IOP(-9.4％ to 0.0％),IDEAL gradient echo imaging (-15.9％ to 7.8％),IDEAL Quant(-2.0％ to 4.0％).IDEAL Quant had the best correlation and confidence with the true fat fraction.Conclusions Chemical shift imaging methods (IOP,IDEAL Gradient echo imaging,IDEAL Quant) can acquire more accurate fat quantification results than chemical saturation imaging methods (FS,Corrected algorithm,WS) in a customized lipid phantom at 3.0 T.IDEAL Quant can acquire the best fat quantification result compared with the other imaging methods.

BACKGROUND:Subcutaneous fat of human body is a rich reservoir of adipose derived stromal stem cells(ADSCs).ADSCs can proliferate rapidly when being cultured in vitro,and has the capacity of multi-directional differentiation.ADSCs attracted much attention in research of tissue engineered seed cells.OBJECTIVE:To isolate and culture stromal vascular fraction(SVF)cells from rabbit subcutaneous fat in vitro,and to testify whether it has multiple differentiation capacity.METHODS:SVF cells were isolated in vitro from rabbits,and cultured under standard condition.Cellular surface antigens CD44,CD45 and CD29 of passage 3 SVF cells were examined using flow cytometry.Passage 3 SVF calls were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts,chondrocytes,and lipocytes.Oil red staining was used to examine lipocyte induction.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining,alizarin red staining and von Kossa staining were used to examine osteoblast induction.Type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining and type Ⅱ collagen mRNA RT-PCR were used to examine chondrocyte differentiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Primary SVF cells were multi-angular or short spindle-shaped.Passage 3 SVF calls were long spindle-shaped.Flow cytometry showed CD44+,CD29+,CD45.Oil red staining exhibited positive reaction in lipocyte induction group.ALP staining,alizarin red staining and Von kossa staining demonstrated positive reactions in osteoblast induction group.Type Ⅱ Collagen immunohistochemical staining and alcian blue staining have suggested positive reactions at 14 days of chondrogenic induction group.RT-PCR of type Ⅱ collagen mRNA test showed that the product band had strong signal at 14 days of chondrogenic induction group compared with that before induction.Above mentioned results have indicated that SVF cells isolated from rabbit subcutaneous fat have identical surface makers of stem cells,and have the ability to differentiate into lipocytes,ostsoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro by induction,and it could be concluded that the SVF cells were ADSCs.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of determining the plasma concentration of capecitabine/polyethylene glycol 1000/montmorillonite (CAP/PEG1000/MMT) in rats’plasma for the study on pharmacokinetics of CAP compound in rats in vivo. METHODS:HPLC was adopted. The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% glacial acetic acid-acetonitrile(73∶27),at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 250 nm and column temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 10 μl. 18 Wistar rats were randomly divided into CAP group,CAP/MMT group(MMT as carrier)and CAP/PEG1000/MMT group(PEG1000/MMT as carrier)and ig given corresponding drugs,that equal to 200 mg/kg of CAP. Blood sample was respectively taken 15,30,60,90,120,180,240,300 and 360 min after the administration of drugs,and plasma was isolated and added with internal standard ferulic acid. The concentration of the drug in the plasma was determined by HPLC fol-lowing protein precipitation with methanol,based on which the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software. RE-SULTS:The linear range of CAP was 0.054 9-4.390 0 μg/ml (r=0.998 2) with the method recovery of 98.2%-102.1%(RSD=1.50%-3.29%, n=5) and absolute recovery of 76.2%-78.9%(RSD=2.29%-2.99%, n=5). In the above-mentioned three groups,t1/2 were(1.11±0.32),(1.57±0.32)and(1.62±0.10)h;cmax were(2.91±0.36),(0.91±0.23)and(0.91±0.14)μg/ml;AUC0-6 h were (8.70 ± 1.79),(3.76 ± 0.27) and (3.73 ± 0.25)μg·h/ml;and tmax were (0.97 ± 0.20),(1.55 ± 0.47) and (1.50 ± 0.07) h,respectively. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the CAP/MMT group and CAP/PEG1000/MMT group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The method is reliable and simple,and can be used for pharmacokinetic study of CAP/PEG1000/MMT in rats. MMT and PEG1000/MMT compound can prolong CAP acting time in the body.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is one of the crucial signal molecules, which can regulate many biological functions inside and outside cells. It plays an important role in regulating numerous physiological and pathological processes after being combined with S1P receptors (S1PRs). S1P/S1PRs signaling pathways have become a hot spot in the current research on endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. This review described the current development of the role of S 1P and its receptors in atherosclerosis.

Objective To understand the mechanism of how cardiomyocytes exit from the cell cycle,we examined the expression of polo-like kinase 1(plk1) in the postnatal developmental process of cardiac myocytes. Methods Mitotic Index(MI) of cardiomyocytes was examined in the neonatal,2-week-old,4-week-old,and adult rat hearts(five cases per groups) by double immunofluorescence stained with H3P and ?-sarcomeric actin antibodies.plk1 mRNA and protein expression during the postnatal developmental process of cardiac myocytes were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in rat hearts. Results The MI of cardiomyocytes in 0-day-old hearts(0.905?0.087%) was approximately 2.4 times over that in 2-week-old hearts(0.372?0.094%)(P