Objective There are many interferences such as power interference, electrode polarization interference, myoelectricity interference, baseline drift, apparatus buzz and so on in electrocardiosignal acquisition system. It is very difficult to effectively remove these interferences in the process of actual measurement. Methods Power harmonic interference, electrode polarization interference and myoelectricity interference were removed by low-pass filter. Baseline drift was removed by high-pass filter. Power basic frequency interference was removed by 50 Hz trap filter. Results These three design proposals had such advantages as good effect, rapid speed and easy realization. Conclusion They can be well applied in ECG monitor with embedded CPU and real time character. Besides, they can also be used in medical apparatus measuring other biological electric signals and industrial observation and control system.

This study was aimed to investigate potential biomarkers in different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD) by using metabolomic technology,and to explore the objective law of different TCM syndromes of CHD.Endogenous metabolites in serum and urine from the healthy group,and patients with DHD angina pectoris patients of the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis,as well as the syndrome of Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity were detected by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Metabolic profiles were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).The results showed that in PCA,the healthy group,Qi deficiency and blood stasis group,as well as the Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity group can be obviously distinguished.Potential biomarkers in the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome contained aspartyl methionine and cysteine sulfinic acid.Potential biomarkers in the Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome contained hippuric acid,amino glucose,fructosamine and triglyceride.The objective performance of Qi deficiency syndrome was the absence of biotin,lysyl tyrosine,phosphatidylglycerol and glycocholic acid.It was concluded that through the new metabolomic technology,different endogenous metabolites in the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis,as well as the syndrome of Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity of patients with DHD angina pectoris were detected.It provided ideas for the clinical practice of prevention,diagnosis and treatment of different TCM syndromes.

Objective To explore the expression of SLAM gene in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients.Method The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy blood donors were separated using magnetic cell sorting system(MACS).We detected the expression of SLAM mRNA in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by RT-PCR.Results The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients showed significantly higher SLAM expression than those from healthy blood donors.Conclusion The SLAM signal pathway may play an important role in contributing to the abnormal activation of T cells in SLE patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on mouse model of malignant melanoma. Methods The mouse model of malignant melanoma was established by injecting 0.1 ml A-375 cells (about 2?10 6 cells) under the right hind leg of BALB/c-6 mice,and that the yellowish white node appears at injection site proves the successful model. Twenty-four of 27 successful mouse models were irradiated at the tumor site with semiconductor laser (wavelength 652 nm) with a total dose of 100 J/cm 2 . Before laser exposure,the mice were treated with 10% 5-ALA by topical compress for 2 h or 7.5 mg/kg Ce6 by intraperitoneal injection for 1 hour or 5-ALA topical application combined with intraperitoneal injection of Ce6 (n=6 in each group). Another six mice as control only underwent PDT. One week after PDT,the mice were killed,the tumor mass was peeled off and weighed,whether the metastasis occurred or not was detected,and the tumor,liver,spleen,lung,kidney were sent to histopathological examination. Results The tumor weight in 5-ALA group,Ce6 group,and the combined group had significant difference as compared with control group (P0.05). The dehydration and scab formation and necrosis could be seen in tumor sites at 1 week after PDT. The cell collapse and necrosis,subdermal thrombosis and cell outline clouding could be observed by histopathological examination. Metastasis of melanoma were found in 5-ALA group,Ce6 group,and the combined group. Conclusion PDT with Ce6 and 5-ALA could kill the malignant melanoma effectively in animal experiment but could not affect the metastasis of melanoma.

Objective To construct a library of long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE) and investigate the characteristics of gene expression in the yeast phase of C. albicans. Methods A LongSAGE library was constructed with long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE). Results A total of 17 773 tags, representing specific 7 333 transcripts, were extracted from 1 000 sequence files in the yeast phase of C. albicans. Tags matching single gene accounted for 16.65%, tags matching multiple genes accounted for 6.59%, tags for hypothetical protein accounted for 16.27%, tags for genome and cosmid accounted for 1.64%, and novel tags accounted for 58.86%. Eleven tags in 33 tags whose expression frequencies exceeded 35 may be new expression sequences. Conclusion LongSAGE is not only a powerful method in investigating the gene expression profiling, allowing the analysis of the expression of thousands of transcripts in a quantitative manner without prior sequence information, but also in finding new genes.

Objective To establish a noninvasive method for prenatal genetic analysis by using maternal serum and apply the method in fetal sex determination,paternity testing. Methods Samples of maternal serum from 53 pregnant women (11 to 36 weeks of gestation) were collected. The DNA extracted from each sample was amplified by using"Y-PLEX 6" amplification kit .which enabled the simultaneous analysis of six Y-STR loci including DYS393.DYS19.DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS385. The PCR products were detected by using ABI PrismTM 377 Sequencer and genotyped by related analysis software. Results (1) Y-STR specific alleles were detected in the maternal sera of all 29 mothers bearing male babies. Among the six Y-STR loci,specific alleles were detected in 29/29 at DYS393 locus,in 18/29 at DYS19 locus and in 10/29 at DYS390 locus. (2) Y-STR specific alleles were not detected in maternal sera of 24 pregnant women bearing female babies. (3) According to the presence of specific alleles at DYS393 locus and the value of allelic peak height and peak area, the accuracy of fetal sex determination was 100% . (4)The observed Y-STR alleles of each prenatal specimen from pregnant women with male fetuses were the same as the results of their husbands. Conclusion The assay of highly polymorphic Y-STR genotyping system developed by the authors provided a sensitive, accurate and non-invasive method to prenatal diagnosis. Our results demonstrate that fetal sex can be accurately determined and imply that paternity testing could be performed for pregnant women carrying male fetuses.

With the rapid development of medical science,‘ faithfulness,expressiveness and elegancy' theory has been endued with novel implications and can guide the translation of medical English.A translation of medical English with high quality should contain faithful information,grammatically complete sentences and understandable words as well as maintain the stylistic features of Chinese abstract,which lead to the speciality and rigour of the article.The guiding role of ‘ faithfulness,expressiveness and elegancy' theory in the understanding and translation of English papers was discussed in this article with common problems selected from medical journals.Several suggestions were proposed to the translators of medical English on the practice of the theory.

Objective To evaluate the effect of vacuumassisted closure (VAC) combining surgical treatments on chronic osteomyelitis after severe open fractures. Methods Fifty-eight patients with severe high energy open fractures were enrolled,35 patients were randomized to the experimental group and had identical treatment except that VAC was applied to the wounds between irrigation and debridement procedures, 23 patients were randomized to the control group and underwent initial irrigation and debridement followed by standard fine mesh gauze dressing. The infection rate, therapeutic effect and health condition were evaluated between the two groups. Results All patients were followed up for 14 - 36 (28.0 ± 7.3 ) months.Control group developed 7 cases ( 30.4%, 7/23 ) with deep infections, whereas experimental group developed 2 cases (5.7%,2/35) with deep infections. There was significant difference between the two groups (P =0.024). There were 24 cases (68.6%,24/35) grade A healing in experimental group,whereas there were 13cases (56.5%, 13/23) grade A in control group,the difference was very singificant (P＜0.05). The health total score of experimental group was higher than that of control group at 3,9 months after operation (P =0.013,0.005). Conclusions Patients treated with VAC have a higher recovery rate,shorter length of stay and satisfactory curative effect compared with patients randomized to the traditional methods. VAC represents a promising new therapy for osteomyelitis after severe open fractures.

Objective To explore the expression of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients. Methods The CD4+ and CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy volunteers were separated using magnetic cell sorting system (MACS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL receptors in CD4+ and CD8+T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. Results The CD8+T cells from SLE patients had significantly higher caspase-3 (P=0.003) and TRAIL-R2 (P=0.024) expression than those from healthy volunteers. Conclusion The TRAIL-R2 signal pathway may be a possible important pathway to the apoptosis of T cells in SLE patients.

Objective To investigate the abnormality of CD4 and CD8 subsets of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Methods The CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes from 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy controls were separated using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Results The numbers of CD4 + T cells in the peripheral blood and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio of SLE patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers(CD4,P=0.001;CD4/CD8 ratio,P=0.046). Conclusion There exist abnormalities in the CD4 and CD8 subsets of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of SLE,especially the decreased numbers of CD4 + T cells.