Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a large group of common hereditary eye diseases with highlyheterogeneous genetic background. Over forty genes with diverse functionalities are associated with RP and they include a set of ubiquitously expressed genes. These include five genes involved in the precursor messenger RNA( premRNA) splicing. Recent progress in disease gene identification for RP has established the involvement of pre-mRNA splicing as one important mechanism in the disease etiology and has shed light on the splicing process itself, a fundamental biological process. To this date, studies in this field have been focused on two major issues. First, how do the mutations of the adRP associated splicing factors (adRP-SF) affect the splicing function? Second, how do the mutations in these ubiquitously expressed genes lead to specific retinopathy? The two topics fit with the two continuous important steps of the disease pathogenesis. Recently, researchers have made a dramatic progress in the first topic. The identification of the SNRNP200 gene,the fifth adRP-SF and its relevant functional study has shown significance to the progress in the study of RP. Numerous investigations are also being carried out in addressing the second issue.Generation of a variety of models led to a better description of the pathological process of the disease. However, in respect to the key pathogenic mechanism,researchers are still puzzled with a number of confusing questions. In this commentary,the results from the latest investigations were summarized, and in particular,the difficulties in studying the molecular mechanism by which the pre-mRNA splicing deficiency causes RP were detailed.

Objective To analyze the prognostic factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ⅰb and Ⅱa treated by surgery,and to investigate their guid roles in available post-operation adjuvant therapy. Methods The clinicopathologic records of 306 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ⅰb and Ⅱa who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognostic factors were explored by univariate and multivariate methods. Independent prognostic factors were identified by COX proportional hazards regression model. Results The overall 5-year survival rate of these 306 patients was 78.1%. In univariate survival analysis, the poor prognostic factors included poor differentiation, positive pelvic lymph nodes, deep stromal invasion, parametrial extension, tumor size≥4 cm, and lymph vascular space involvement (P

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical results of 42 cases with sarcoma- toid carcinoma of the lung were analyzed.Results Forty-two cases were pathologically proved to be spindle cell carcinoma,1 cases;giant cell carcinoma,1 case;carcinosarcoma,4 cases;pleomorphic carcinoma,36 cases.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was positive in 24 of 24 cases,EMA was positive in 18 of 20 cases,Vim was positive in 25 of 25 cases.Eighteen cases were survival One-year survival rate was 61.2 %,with mean survival 13.3 months. Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung depends on pathologic and immunohistochemical results.

Pancreatic cancer is one malignancy with high aggressive and extremely poor prognosis,its incidence and mortality rates are increasing gradually in our country.Although surgical techniques and adjuvant drug therapy are improving,survival of patients with pancreatic cancer still has not been significantly improved.Long non-coding RNA are a class of non-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides.Recent studies show long non-coding RNA is closely related to pancreatic cancer cells,apoptosis,metastasis and drug resistance.LncRNA plays an important role in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.In this article we reviewed the role of long noncoding RNA and their significance in pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To analyse effect of berberine combined with levofloxacin on myocardial enzymes, isozymes and serum inflammatory factors in children with diarrhea.Methods 58 patients who were diagnosed with pediatric infectious diarrhea in our hospital were collected.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 29 cases in each group.two groups of patients were given routine treatment, including infusion, maintaining water and electrolyte balance, supplemental calories etc.On the basis of routine treatment, control group was intravenous dripped with levofloxacin injection 200mL,one times per day,and experimental group was treated with berberine hydrochloride tables 0.2 g orally on the basis of control group.The treatment period was one week of two group.After one week of treatment, the serum levels of myocardial enzymes, isozymes, inflammatory factors and clinical curative effect were detected in all patients.Results Compared with control group post-treatment,the serum AST,ALT and LDH levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the serum CK and CK-MB levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the total effective rate was higher in experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusion The berberine combined with levofloxacin can significantly reduce the serum myocardial enzymes, isozymes and serum inflammatory factors in children with diarrhea, improve clinical curative effect.

Objective To assess the effects of fenofibrate on myocardial remodeling in obese rats by echocardiography.Methods Twenty-six SD rats were fed with high fat chow to establish twenty obese rats models,which were randomly divided into two groups:obesity group (OB group,n =10) and fenofibrate group(F group,n =10).The same week-old SD rats group (n =10) was also randomly selected as normal control group.F group was given fenofibrate 60 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 8 weeks,the other groups were given normal saline.Echocardiographic scan was performed in each group at the beginning and ending of the experiment.Twenty-four weeks later,all rats were executed and the cardiac muscle was used to histological inspect.Results After the experiment,compared with the control group,the body weight,the ventricular thickness,interventricular septal thickness and the left ventricular mass in OB group were significantly increased than those of control group(P ＜0.01),the E/A ratio was significantly decreased(P ＜0.01).Histological detection showed that myocardial structure was disordered,and that interstitial collagen was deposited in the myocardium.Compared with OB group,the parameters all above in F group were significantly improved (P ＜0.01).Left ventricular mass from echocardiography correlated well with the results from pathologic specimen (r =0.98,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Fenofibrate has beneficial effects on preventing myocardial remodeling.By general echocardiography,the effects can be assessed comprehensively and accurately.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and the effective means for its clinical treatment,the difference of the gene expressions between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung was compared.Methods The differentially expressed genes between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung were obtained from PubMed.The dysregulated genes in lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics methods,including pathways,gene ontology and functional annotation clustering analysis.Results 467 lines of differentially expressed genes were found and genes more than 2-fold regulated were 189.We sought the mapping of genes in the KEGG databases through functional annotation tools,and we discovered there were 5 lines of pathways with difference having outstangding statistical significance through metabolic pathways enrichment degree analysis.It reflected the pathways were closely related to hyperoxic lung injury (the 2-fold upregulated genes were 14,the 2-fold down-regulated genes were 6).GO analysis revealed that these genes were involved in hematopietic cell lineage,axon guidance,adherens junction,T cell receptor signaling pathway and focal adhesion.Conclusions Therefore,it is believed that the above-mentioned 20 lines of gnes are the major ones for the hyperoxic lung injury and the research on them will provide effective means for revealing the molecular mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and identifying the targeted therapy.

Background The incidence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is increasing with the growing of cataract surgery rate.Recent researches provend that disintegrin has inhibitory effect on PCO,and echistatin is one of the disintegrin prime families.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of disintegrin and echistatin on proliferation,adhestion and migration in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) line (SRA01/04).Methods Human LECs line at logarithmic growth phase was used in the study.Cells were cocultured with medium and different concentrations of echistatin (0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L) for different time.The proliferative inhibitory rates of LECs were detected by MTT method 24,48 and 72 hours after cultured.Anti-adhesion effect of echistatin were analyzed by the same assay in 90 minutes.Cell scratching test was performed to evaluate the migration ability of LECs.The width of the scratch was recorded in the culture plate covered with cells under an inverted microscope.After being cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours with echistatin,cell migration distances was examined.Results Compared with the 0 mg/L echistatin group,cells proliferation was obviously inhibited.After cultured with 2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L echistatin,the proliferation inhibitory rate was 2.6％,15.4％,21.2％,34.7％,46.1％,58.2％ at 24 hours;6.6％,21.9％,38.2％,50.0％,60.7％,76.9％ at 48 hours and 9.8％,29.0％,46.6％,63.4％,69.1％,92.4％ at 72 hours,respectively.The absorbance value (A) in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L groups were significantly lower than that in the 0 mg/L group (P＜ 0.05).With the prolongation of acting time of Ecs,the A value of the cells was gradually reduced,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).The adhesion inhibitory rate was 2.6％,15.0％,26.1％,35.3％,45.2％ and 54.5％ in the 2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group,respectively.Compared with the result in the 0 mg/L group,the A value in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours,cell migration distance shortened in the 5.0,7.5,10.0,15.0,20.0 mg/L group,showing a statistically significant difference among them (P＜0.05).Cell migration distance was gradually shortened with the lapse of action time of Ecs with the significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions echistatin has inhibitory effects on proliferation,adhestion and migration for human LECs in vitro in time-and dose-dependent manner.It is inferred that echistatin may play a role in the prevention and treatment of PCO.

OBJECTIVETo explore action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Fenglong" (ST 40) for treatment of hyperlipidemia.

METHODSForty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group (group A), a model group (group B), a model diet-control group (group C), a model + EA group (group D) and model diet-control + EA group (group E), 8 cases in each one. The rats in group A were fed with normal diet continuously while those in the rest 4 groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia model. Afterwards, the rats in group C and group E were fed with normal diet, while EA at "Fenglong" (ST 40) was applied in group D and group E, 30 min per time, once a day. After 28 days of treatment, macrophage was collected in each group. Oil red O-staining was applied to detect the formation of foam cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISE) was adopted to measure the contents of total cholesterol (TC) in macrophage and analyze the rate of cholesterol efflux.

RESULTSThe counts of positive cells of oil red O-staining and the contents of TC in the group B, group C and group D were significantly increased compared with those in the group A (all P < 0.01). The counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group C, group D and group E were significantly clecreased compared with those in the group B (all P < 0.01), and the decline in group D was more obvious than that in the group C (all P < 0.01). Compared with group C and group D, the counts of positive cells and contents of TC in the group E was obviously decreased (all P < 0.01), which was not statistically different from group A (P > 0.05). In the meantime, compared with group C, the rate of cholesterol efflux in group D and group E was significantly increased (both P < 0.01), and the rise in group E was more obvious than that in the group D.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Fenglong" (ST 40) could significantly prohibit the transformation of macrophage into foam cell and increase rate of cholesterol efflux in macrophage, which could prevent and reverse the formation of foam cell and play an essential role in treating hyperlipidemia and stopping it from developing into a further level.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Foam Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; metabolism ; therapy ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The medium and process parameters were optimized in batchaminoglycoside antibiotic JI-20A fennentation. The optimal medium consists mainly of comstarch 60g/L, peanut meal 30g/L, com slurry 8g/L, maltose 10g/L, inorganic compound and amylase moderate , methionin 1g/L and cobalt chloride 6?g/mL. It was significant to adjust medium pH after autoclaving and oxygenate the fennentation medium for the cell growth and JI-20A product.