Objective To explore the curative effect of stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCR) for extracranial tumors. Methods Eighty-six patients with extracranial tumors underwent SCR from May 1997 to August 2002. The clinical target volume (CTV) of tumors ranged from 0.2 cm3 to 232 cm3, with a mean of 27.6 cm3. The prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 3～12 Gy (mean,5.3 Gy),which were prescribed in 1～10 fractions. Results No patient died during the treatment. Karnofsky performance scores (KPS) ranged 10～90 (mean,60) and 20～100 (mean,82) before and after the treatment. Follow-up for 1～5 years showed complete remittence (CR) in 25 cases, partial remittence (PR) in 49 cases, no change in 9 cases, and progressed in 3 cases. Conclusions SCR is an effective method in the management of extracranial tumors.

Objective To explore the adverse effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on liver,kidney and heart function during treating children patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at therapeutic dose.Methods Sixty-five APL cases received As2O3 by intravenous drip and organic toxicity were selected as our subjects.The indices of liver,heart and kidney were measured.Results Of all subjects,19 cases(29.2％) occurred liver damage,including 15 cases(23.1％) mild and 4 cases(6.2％) moderate toxicity.The levels of alanine aminotransferase of patients before treatment was (19.9 ±9.5) U/L,and (24.3 ± 11.8) U/L,(25.0 ± 14.4) U/L at 1 st and 2nd weeks after treatment,higher than those before the treatment (P ＜ 0.05).However,level of alanine aminotransferase was back to normal at 3th weeks after treatment.Meanwhile the levels of aspartate aminotransferase at 1st,2nd and 3th weeks after treatment were (38.3 ± 16.5),(39.1 ± 15.5),(35.3 ± 20.6) U/L respectively,higher than that before treatment((28.5 ± 8.8) U/L,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and it was back to normal at 4th weeks.(2) The levels of urinary cystatin C were (2.51 ± 1.45) mg/L,(3.05 ± 1.13) mg/L,(2.46 ± 1.21) mg/L at 2nd,3th,4th weeks after treatment,significantly higher than that before treatment ((1.98 ±0.68) mg/L,P ＜0.05 or 0.01).And the levels of urinary β2 microglobulin at 2nd,3th,4th weeks after treatment were significantly higher than that before treatment (P ＜0.05 or 0.01) and back to normal at 5 weeks after treatment.(3) Nine cases at remission stage showed the symptoms of palpitation,precordial discomfort and increased heart rate,and all those symptoms were mild.And the symptoms disappear at the 3th week after the treatment.Creatine kinase at the 2nd weeks after treatment was (90.2 ± 32.5) U/L,higher than that before treatment ((78.5 ± 22.3) U/L).The levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme at 2nd,3th weeks after treatment were (8.3 ± 4.8) U/L,(8.5 ± 5.6) U/L,higher than that before treatment ((6.3 ± 3.5) U/L).The serum creatine kinase mass at 4th weeks((3.9 ±2.0) g/L) was significantly higher than that before treatment ((2.8 ± 1.9) g/L),and then gradually be back to normal.Conclusion The routine dose As2O3 in treatment of APL children show less toxicity in liver,kidney,and heart Those adverse effects are transient,reversible and they occurred at 1-3 week after As2O3 treatment.Serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and urinary cystine protease inhibitors,β2 micro ring protein and serum creatine kinase MB mass might be served as sensitive indicators of organ damage.

AIM: To establish a HPLC for determination of puerarin and baicalin in Gegen Qinlian Micropill. METHODS: A Kromasil C 18 Column was used. The mobile phase was methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid. Puerarin and baicalin were determined by dual wavelength, ? 1=250nm. ? 2=315nm. RESULTS: The linear range of puerarin was within 32.0 ng—288.0 ng,r=0.9998 and the sample recovery was 100.17 % (RSD=1.00%(n=9)). The linear range of baicalin was within 52.6 ng～447.1 ng, r=0.9999 and the sample recovery was 100.06 % (RSD=1.06% (n=9)). CONCLUSION: This method has good repeatability and flexibility. It can be used for quality control of Gegen Qinlian Micropill.

BACKGROUND: Although pulmonary diffusion capacity (PDC) has been substantially proved in a declining tendency in age-dependent manner, the effects of such related factors as body mass,sex and height within an age range on pulmonary membrane conductance (Dm) and capillary blood volume(CBV),as well as the correlation of Dm with CBV and PDC deserve further investigation.OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation of Dm and CBV with PDC,age,body mass, height and sex in normaladults.DESIGN: With healthy adults as subjects, multiple factor linear correlation and regression analysis was used to elicit correlation coefficient and regression equation while F-test and Q-test were used for comparing the differences between groups.PARTICIPANTS:We randomly selected 100 healthy adults,50 males and 50 females, who came to the clinic of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA for routine physical examination between April and October 1997.The 100 volunteers were divided into five groups according to their age:20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years old groups with 20 in each group, half males and half females.METHODS: PDC and Dm of the healthy adults were examined with Sensormedics 2200 pulmonary function detector. CBV was calculated with the following formula (1/PDC=I/ Dm +1/θCBV, θrefers to the combined velocity of CO with Hb,which was in inverse proportion to the inhaled partial oxygen pressure,Dm and CBV were unaffected by θ).Multiple factor linear correlation and progressive regression analysis was used to elicit correlation coefficient of PDC, Dm and CBV. Meanwhile, regression equation was used to reveal the correlation of age,body mass and height with pulmonary functions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation ofDm and CBV with PDC and age, body mass, height and sex in normal adults.RESULTS:Data of the 100 healthy adults were processed according to the objective and statistically analyzed.① PDC and Dm were proved to decline in age-dependent manner from the onset of 40 years old in the 100 healthy adults (P＜ 0.05), and CBV also declined after 50 years old (P ＜ 0.05).②Relationship between women's age and pulmonary function:Age was proved to have significant negative correlation with PDC,Dm and CBV (r= -0.646 0 to -0.814 6, P＜ 0.01).By contrast,PDC was found to be positively correlated with Dm,CBV and alveolus ventilation volume (AVV) (r=0.949 7, 0.740 0, 0.735 6, P＜ 0.01), and AVV was found to be positively correlated with PDC, Dm and CBV (r=0.482 1-0.740 6,P＜ 0.01).③ Relationship between men's age and pulmonary function:Age had significant negative correlation with PDC, Dm and CBV (r=-0.712 to -0.830 5, P＜ 0.01). However, PDC was found to be moderately or highly positively correlated with Dm,CBV and AVV(r=0.585 2 to 0.946 0, P＜ 0.01), and AVV had moderately positive correlation with PDC, Dm and CBV (r=0.431 3-0.585 2, P＜ 0.01). ④ Regression analysis revealed that age and height were the main variables of the predicting equation of PDC,Dm and CBV.Body mass could not enter regression equation in females,and it was only proved to be correlated with PDC and CBV in males with the regression coefficient of 0.009 4 and 0.654 3, respectively.CONCLUSION:① PDC and Dm begin to decline from the onset of 40 years old in healthy adults (P＜ 0.05),and CBV declines after 50 years old.② PDC, Dm and CBV of healthy adults are proved to decline in age-dependent manner. ③ PDC increases with the increment of Dm and CBV. ④ Age and/or height are the main variables in the regression equation of PDC, Dm and CBV, but body mass is not the key predictor for Dm and CBV.

Objective To investigate any correlation between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) results and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Eight male pa-tients with chronic severe TBI were given the MoCA (including memory,attention,speech and executive function).DTI was used to quantify the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter fiber tracts in the radial and longitudinal fasciculus,under longitudinal fasciculus,internal capsule,corpus callosum genu and body,and the cingulate cortex.Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to quantify the correlation between the FA values and MoCA scores.Results There was a positive correlation between FA in the corpus callosum body,corpus callosum genu and the superior longitudinal fasciculus and MoCA total scores.Conclusion The MoCA scores of patients with chronic severe TBI are related to white matter damage in the corpus callosum body,corpus callosum genu and the superior longitudinal fasciculus.

Objective To express functional haemegglutinin(HA)protein in two different bacularvirus expression systems.Methods The whole open reading frame of A/Sichuan/1/2009(H1N1)HA was obtained by synthesis,and the HA protein were expressed in insect cells by two different bacularvius expression systems:BaculoGold system and Bac-to-Bac system. Soluble HA protein was identified by Western blot and haemegglutination test. Results The correct full length of HA gene was obtained and cloned into pAcGP67B and pFAST Bacl vectors,respectively.After 3 rounds of virus amplifyjng by re-infection of Sf9 cells,the HA protein was detected in supematant of BaculoGold system and in intracellular of Bac-to-Bac system which is much better than the former.Purified HA protein was positive not only identified by Western blot,but also detected by haemegglutinin test. Conclusion Functional HA protein was successfully expressed in two distinct bacularvirus expression systems,of which the Bac-to-Bac bacularvirus expression system is more suitable for expression of A/Sichuan/1/2009(H1N1)HA protein.

objective To observe the influence of hemodynamic changes caused by extracranial carotid stenosis on the plaque stability, and analyze the relationship of cerebral infarction classification,criminal artery stenosis degree and plaque stability to offer evidence for evalu-ating nosogenesis,clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of cerebral infarction. Methods CDFI,CTA were performed in 168 patients with acute cerebral infarction,some moderate and severe and occlusive carotid artery which were demonstrated by CTA and CDFI were further checked by DSA during convalescence. Totally 168 acute cerebral infarction patients were divided into 5 groups based on the criminal artery stenosis degree. To evaluate the plaque stability and flow field changes with CDFI and CTA,OCSP clinical classification and brain image clas-sification were finished according to CTA. Patients were classified into 4 subtypes,namely cortical infarction,basal ganglion infarction,corona radiata infarction and posterior infarction,according to the lesion distributions. Observe the changes of flow field and stability of plaque,and compare the relationship between different degree of stenosis and the classification of lesion of infarction. Results Among the 168 criminal arteries,there was 17. 9% of normal,22. 6% of mild stenosis,30. 9% of moderate stenosis,14. 8% of severe stenosis,and 14. 3% of occlu-sion,and the moderate stenosis proportion was the highest. When the stenosis degree was over 50%,it may lead to the changes of flow field, speeding up of blood flow,forming of turbulent flow,and increasing of plaque instability in which lipid plaque and admixture plaque was the highest. PACI is the commonest in all moderate groups. Admixture plaque is usually seen in severe stenosis and occlusion, while fibrous plaque is usually seen in mild stenosis. Conclusion Moderate carotid stenosis may lead to the increase of plaque instability as a result of the changes of flow field,and it may prone to artery-artery embolization.

The change of pitutary hormones can occur in any time after traumatic brain injury, the main cause is primary or secondary impairment of hypothalamus as well as pituitary after brain injury. It is important to further research when to test hormone and to carry on the hormone replacement therapy.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of a course of regular rehabilitation treatment on patients with different traumatic brain injury(TBI) course, explore the costs of one rehabilitation course in patients with different TBI course, and study the timing and focus of rehabilitation on patiens with different stages.Methods250 TBI patients were distributed to five groups by different TBI courses: <3 months, 3～6 months, 6 months～1 year, 1～2 years and >2 years. The clinical data and initial function evaluation were done at the admission. All of them received at least one regular rehabilitation treatment, then another function evaluation was done. Effects and costs of one rehabilitation course in patients with different TBI course were investigated.ResultsThe longer the duration of illness, the higher the cost-effectiveness ratio. The cost-effectiveness ratio of the second treatment course was higher than the first one. The patients within 12 months should receive a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, and should be prevented and treated hydrocephalus and other complications; for patients within 1～2 years, there would be no significant improvement in balance and lower limb function, should enhance the training of activity of daily living (ADL) and upper extremity function; for the patients more than two years just improved ADL using of residual function.ConclusionTBI patients should accept rehabilitation as soon as possible, and should be conducted corresponding trainings according to different disease course.

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of thyroid hormone and reproductive hormone in post-acute traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods70 post-acute TBI patients were selected from Beijing Charity Hospital from September 2009 to March 2010. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4), free triiodothyronine(FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), follicie stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were measured at 7 a.m. to 8 a.m. on the second day of admisson. According to the reference ranges, the total abnormal rate and the single hormone abnormal rate were calculated. According to the level of hormone, the subjects were divided into the normal group and the abnormal group. The two groups were compared in gender, age, course of disease, duration of coma, basal fracture and scores of Disability Rating Scale (DRS).ResultsThe total abnormal incidence of anterior pituitary hormone was 77.1% in post-acute TBI. The abnormality of reproductive hormones was higher. The duration of coma was related to the reproductive hormone.ConclusionThe abnormal incidence of anterior pituitary hormone occurs frequently in post-acute TBI. The duration of coma is related to the reproductive hormone.