ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the Clock T3111C and T257G gene polymorphisms and sleep epilepsy patients in Han population of Hunan province.MethodsThree hundred and eleven subjects with epilepsy ( sleep epilepsy group ( n =112 ),aperiodic group ( n =95 ),awakening epilepsy group ( n =104 ) ) and 300 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes by phenol-chloroform methods.The Clock T3111C and T257G polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results(1) Two genotypes(TT and TC) were detected in Clock T3111C.The frequency of Clock site T3111C genotypes in all of the people was 86.09％ (TT,526/611),13.91％(TC,85/611),0( CC),T allele gene frequency was 93.04％ (1134/1222) and C allele gene frequency was 6.96％ (85/1222).There was no significant difference in genotype and gene distribution of Clock gene T3111C polymorphism between sleep epilepsy group,aperiodic group,awakening epilepsy group and control group.(2)Two genotypes(TT and TG) were detected in Clock T257G.The frequency of Clock site T257G genotypes in all of the people was 85.92％ (TT,525/611 ),14.08％ (TG,86/611 ),0( GG),T allele gene frequency was 92.96％ (1136/1222) and G allele gene frequency was 7.04％ (86/1222).There was no significant difference in genotype and gene distribution of Clock gene T257G polymorphisms between sleep epilepsy group,aperiodic epilepsy group,awakening epilepsy group and control group.(3)There was an almost complete correspondence (complete linkage disequilibrium) of bases between the positions 257 and 3111.ConclusionClock gene T3111C and T257G polymorphisms are not associated with sleep epilepsy in Han population of Hunan province.

Objective To study the expression of p35 and p25 in rat after focal cerebral contusion and to provide experimental data for estimating brain injury time. Methods Fifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d after focal cerebral contusion, control and sham-operated groups (5 rats each group). The focal cerebral contusion rat model was established. The expression of p35 and p25 protein of the damage peripheral zone in brain were detected by HEstain-ing, immunohistochemistry and western blotting at different injury time. Results Alarge number of p35 protein and a small amount of p25 protein were expressed in control group and sham-operated group. After focal cerebral contusion, p35 presented unimodal change with time and p25 presented bimodal changes with time. Conclusion Expression of p35 and p25 showed different regularity with good time correlation, which could help to estimate the brain injury time.

Objective To explore the fluorescent distribution, and the relation between fluorescent intensity and time after injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI. Methods Sixty-five new born mice were equally and randomly divided into 13 groups. Fluorescent distribution and intensity were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h, and 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 d and 2, 3 months after injecting the left posterior limb rear thigh muscles with 1.5 ?l 4 mg/ml DiI for one mouse. Results The labeling neurons were scattered from L2 level to S2 level and associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but the most were located at L4 to L6 section. The faint red fluorescence neurons were observed at dorsal root ganglion and cornu anterius medullae spinalis 6 h post-injection. The labeling neurons increased up to the 4th day. The fluorescent intensity enhanced gradually from 6 h to 24 h, then kept the intensity for 3 months. Conclusion It is a quick, precise, persistent method to trance and label the dorsal root ganglions sensory neuron and spinal motoneuron by injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI, and the rate of labeling neurons can be improved by prolonging the tracing time properly. It is also provide basic data for clinical or experimental neuron label and location.

Objective To study the clinical features of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH).Methods The clinical data,imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) of 10 patients with PSH was analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 10 patients with PSH,9 were males and 1 was a female.The overall age of all the patients was (37.6 ± 19.1) years,ranging from 15 to 78 years.The primary diseases included traumatic brain injury 5 cases,intracranial hemorrhage 1 case,cerebral infarction 1 case,hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 1 case,arachnoid cyst 1 case and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis 1 case.All patients developed at least 5 of 7 features which contained paroxysmal agitation,hyperthemia,diaphoresis,tachypnea,tachycardia,hypertension and dystonia.PSH occurred within 24 hours after brain injury in 3 patients; 24 hours to 3 weeks in 5 patients ; 5 months in 1 patient; 9 years in 1 patient.The frequency varied from one time in several days to several times in one day.The duration varied from 1 minute to 3 hours.The episodes in 4 patients occurred more often at night,1 around palinesthesia and the frequency of other 5 patients showed no differences between day and night.There were 2 cases appeared sober-minded,and the states of consciousness of the other 8 cases were hard to judge during PSH.The Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 8 cases were 3 to 8 points and the other 2 cases were 15 points.No epileptic-form activity was detected by EEG and no particular lesions were responsible.Neuro-imaging examinations suggested frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,occipital lobe,basal ganglion,pons and lateral ventricle were damaged.And 9 patients received an ineffective antiepileptic drug treatment.The efficacy in the management of PSH with dopamine agonists combining with β-blockers was observed.Two patients achieved complete remission,6 patients had a reduction in episode frequency,1 patient showed no response to the therapy and 1 patient discharged and could not be connected.Conclusions PSH can occur after various types and different degrees of brain injury.PSH is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy,and anticonvulsant therapies are useless.PSH receives good responses to β-blockers and dopamine agonists.

Objective To explore the clinical and neuroimaging features of a frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 ( FTDP-17 ) pedigree caused by mutation of microtubule-associated protein tau ( MAPT) gene.Methods The proband and one patient from a FTDP-17 pedigree were assessed through standardized clinical evaluation , neuropsychology assessment , video-electroencephalogrom ,MRI, genetic sequencing , as well as 18 F fludeoxyglucose ( FDG) SPECT for brain metabolism and 11 C 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-( 4-fluoro ) tropane ( CFT ) PET for dopamine transporter ( DAT ) distribution, respectively.Results A FTDP pedigree with 15 patients (6 still alive) was recruited to this study.The proband and one affected patient were genotyped and confirmed as MAPT c .1788T>G mutation. Parkinsonism was the first symptom for both two patients . Personality, speech changes and dementia accompanied with brain atrophy were developed at the later stage in one patient .The 18 F FDG SPECT studies illustrated asymmetric hypometabolism of the temporal , frontal lobes and basal ganglia in two patients . Regarding to the 11 C CFT PET, one affected patient showed asymmetric decreased uptake of tracer in basal ganglia regions.Conclusions FTDP-17 can display a confusingly broad clinical phenotype , with the parkinsonism as the first symptom . Brain glucose metabolism and DAT distribution could be potential biomarkers in early diagnosis of FTDP-17.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the changes of Cdk5 expression at the time of 3 hours to 10 days after moderate brain injury by blunt force impact in a rat model,and to demonstrate its forensic significance.Methods To establish a rat model of blunt focal brain contusion,and to observe the changes of Cdk5 expression in brain tissue at different timepoints after brain injury by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results A low expression level of Cdk5 was observed in the brain tissue of both normal and sham control groups.The expression of Cdk5 increased after 3 and 6 hours,remarkably increased at 12 hours,and reached the maximal level at 24 hours after focal brain injury.The Cdk5 level gradually decreased 3 days,5 days,7 days,and 10 days and reached the normal level 7 and 10 days after the injury,with no statistical difference (P＞0.05) compared with the normal and sham control groups.Conclusion The expression of Cdk5 increased in the peripheral area of contusion tissue after blunt brain injury in rats,showing single peak change,and dropped to normal level with the time extension.The change of Cdk5 expression may provide a new reference index for the prediction of early brain contusion.

Objective Based on HPLC fingerprinting and chemometrics,to evaluate the quality of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr.from Guangxi.Methods HPLC was used to establish fingerprints of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr.from ten different origins,and gradient elution was carried out with methanol-0.1％phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase.Cluster analysis(CA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were applied to evaluate quality.Results The fingerprints of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr.from ten different origins were established by HPLC,a total of 22 common peaks were calibrated,with a similarity range of 0.922-0.999.Four chromatographic peaks were identified as rhodopsin,4,5-bis-O-caffeoylquinic acid,caffeic acid,and naringin.The samples were classified into four types according to the CA and OPLS-DA.PCA identified four principal components with a cumulative contribution rare of 95.39％.Conclusion The quality of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr.can be comprehensively evaluated by fingerprinting combined with CA,PCA and OPLS-DA analysis.The Study can provide a reference for improving the quality control and assessment of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr.

Objective:To observe any effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the spinal dorsal horns of diabetics experiencing neuropathic pain.Methods:Eight rats were randomly selected from 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats as the normal group (N), and the remaining twenty-two rats were treated with a single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a neuropathic pain model. The rats modeled successfully were randomly divided into a model group (M, n=8) and an EA group ( n=8). In the EA group, electroacupuncture was applied at the bilateral Hou san li and Kunlun acupoints starting on the 15th day after the STZ injection. The daily sessions lasted 30 minutes for 1 week. Body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were observed before the STZ injection and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days afterward. The expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the dorsal horns of the rats′ spinal cords was detected using western blotting. The count of p-CREB-positive cells in the dorsal horns and their co-localization with neurons was detected using immunofluorescence. Results:In comparison with the N group, the average BW of the M group on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the STZ injection was significantly lower, while the average FBG was significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the M and N groups in the average PWL on the 7th day after the STZ injection, but it had decreased significantly in the M group on the 14th and 21st days. Compared with the M group, the average PWL of the EA group was significantly longer on the 21st day after the injection. The expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB protein in the spines of the M group was significantly higher than in the N group. p-CREB positive cells were more numerous in the M group compared with the N group, while in the EA group they were fewer. P-CREB was co-located with neurons in the spinal dorsal horn.Conclusion:EA can alleviate neuropathic pain effectively, perhaps by inhibiting the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.

Skin ulcers are the most prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus, and people with diabetic ulcers have a substantially greater death risk than those who do not have ulcers. Herbal medications have gained wide concern in recent years due to their multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic therapeutic effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of herbal treatments in diabetic refractory ulcers. To systematically evaluate the healing effect of herbs on diabetic wounds, a literature search was conducted, the mechanism of action of 15 herbal extracts in promoting diabetic wound healing were reviewed, and the classification based on traditional Chinese medicine theory was discussed, which could provide a reference for the precise treatment and exploitation of herbal medicines for diabetic ulcers.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical application of self-developed magnetic anchoring device for assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. 【Methods】 Eleven patients underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary assisted with resection magnetic anchoring technique at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, from March to May 2019. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. 【Results】 There were seven male and four female patients, with the average age of (51.6±13.9) years (range from 22 to 69 years). Three single-port and eight single-utility-port thoracoscopic surgeries were performed. Magnetic instruments provided good surgical field exposure in all operations. Among 11 surgeries, one was converted to thoracotomy and one to three-hole surgery due to enlargement and adhesion of hilar lymph nodes. The operation time was (107.8±63.1) minutes (range of 27-182 minutes). The blood loss was 50 (10-50)mL (range of 5-1 000 mL). No blood transfusion was needed during the operation. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.0±1.8) days (range of 3-9 days). No postoperative complications occurred in all the patients. 【Conclusion】 Magnetic anchor technique can effectively alleviate the "chopstick effect" in thoracoscopic surgery. Magnetic anchor technique is safe and feasible in assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.