Ovarian cancer, one of the gynecological malignancies, poses a serious threat to women's health. The machine learning combines statistics and computer science. Researchers apply the machine learning to the clinical diagnosis and prognosis research of ovarian cancer. This article reviews the applications of machine learning in ovarian cancers. The results show that the predictive ability of machine learning models is better than traditional statistical models, but further test and verification are needed in prospective large-scale studies.

Objective:To explore whether the deep deltoid ligament (DL) rupture affects the mid-term clinical efficacy of pronation-external rotation (PER) ankle fracture or not.Methods:A ret-rospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 50 patients with ankle fracture of PER type Ⅲ or Ⅳ who had been treated at Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014.They were 37 males and 13 females with an average age of 30.2 years(from 16 to 68 years). According to their type of medial ankle injury, the patients were divided into 2 groups.The experimental group, consisting of 28 patients with deep DL rupture but no medial ankle fracture, did not undergo DL repair operation; the control group, consisting of 22 patients with supracollicular medial malleolar (SMM) fracture but no deep DL rupture, underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for SMM.Both groups were treated with ORIF of fibular fracture in addition to syndesmosis screw fixation.The 2 groups were compared in terms of the medial malleolus space and distal tibiofibular space on the imaging exams at more than 6 months, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at the mid-term follow-ups.Results:The differences between the 2 groups in gender, age and mode of concomitant subluxation or dislocation were statistically significant ( P<0.05), but there were no sig-nificant differences between the 2 groups in injury violence, height of fibular fracture line, presence of total dis-location, rate of posterior malleolus fracture, rate of posterior malleolus fixation, implant removal, or operation time ( P>0.05).Imaging exams were conducted for 38 patients at 6 or more months after surgery.The medial malleolus space was 3.7 mm and the distal tibiofibular space 4.5 mm for the 21 cases in the experimental group; the medial malleolus space was 3.4 mm and the distal tibiofibular space 4.4 mm for the 17 cases in the control group.The 3-year follow-up AOFAS scores of the experimental group and the control group were 98.3 and 94.6 respectively; VAS scores were 0.4 and 1.5; the 5-year follow-up AOFAS scores of the experimental group and the control group were 97.1 and 93.6 respectively,and VAS scores were 0.5 and 1.2 respectively.Logistic regression analysis of ordered multi-classification showed that the AOFAS and VAS scores at 3-year and 5-year follow-ups had no significant correlation with the deep DL rupture for the patients<45 years old( P>0.05).Patient age was correlated with the 5-year follow-up AOFAS scores ( P=0.021). Conclusion:In ankle fracture of PER type Ⅲ or Ⅳ treated with lateral malleolar and syndesmosis screw fixation, nonoperative treatment of the deep DL rupture may not influence the mid-term clinical efficacy for the patients less than 45 years old.

Objective : To evaluate the effect of Arthroscopic Treatment of Popliteal Cyst through the modified double posteromedial portal． Methods : A total of 210 patients who diagnosed with popliteal cyst between April 2019 and June 2021 were chosen．62 patients underwent surgical treatment，include open excision and arthroscopic surgery．At the same time，31 patients with conservative treatment were included as conservative treatment group．The Visual Analogue Score( VAS score) ，Lysholm knee function score，and Knee Society Score ( KSS) scores were as- sessed before and 3 months after the operation. Results : In the open excision group，preoperative VAS score was 3. 69 ± 0. 93，Lysholm score was 63. 75 ± 4. 76，KSS score was 60. 87 ± 5. 85，and postoperative VAS score was 2. 04 ± 1. 04，Lysholm score was 76. 81 ± 6. 35，KSS score was 70. 42 ± 4. 87．In the arthroscopic surgery group，preoper- ative VAS score was 3. 81 ± 0. 84，Lysholm score was 62. 84 ± 4. 85，KSS score was 58. 95 ± 4. 79，and postoperative VAS score was 1. 47 ± 0. 85，Lysholm score was 82. 35 ± 7. 34，KSS score was 78. 52 ± 5. 67．In conservative treatment group，preoperative VAS score was 3. 92 ± 1. 02，Lysholm score was 61. 39 ± 3. 92，KSS score was 62. 42 ± 6. 78，and postoperative VAS score was 3. 94 ± 1. 14，Lysholm score was 61. 85 ± 7. 48，KSS score was 60. 52 ± 6. 37．Significant improvement was observed in all the measurements after the operation compared to before the oper- ation(P ＜0. 001 ) ．Compared with the open excision group，the arthroscopic surgery group improved better (P < 0. 05) ． Conclusion Arthroscopy through the modified double posteromedial portal in the treatment of popliteal cyst has satisfactory results.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most serious gynecological tumors in the world, and its mortality ranks first in gynecological malignancies. The study found that metformin is not only used as a first-line oral hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but also has a certain inhibitory effect on the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out experimental and epidemiological studies on the relationship between metformin and ovarian cancer. This review included 7 cohorts and 2 case-control studies on the incidence and prognosis of metformin and ovarian cancer. The results suggest that the use of metformin may improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer, however, due to the limited epidemiological studies of the disease, its relationship with ovarian cancer still needs further exploration.