Aim To investigate the roles of intracellu-lar reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and Nrf2 pathway in shikonin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Methods The cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. The ap-optosis of A549 cells was analyzed by both cellular morphological and biochemical methods. The relative changes of the redox marks ( ROS/GSH) were studied by fluorescence assay in the shikonin-treated A549 cells in accompany with the changes of the intracellular redox homeostasis by GSH/GSSG ratio. ROS inhibitor was also employed in the treatment to find the role of ROS in shikonin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR analysis and ELISA assay were performed as well to determine the role of Nrf2 pathway in the shiko-nin-induced A549 cell apoptosis. Results The IC50 of shikonin on A549 cells was 3. 2 mg·L-1 . The cellu-lar redox homeostasis shifted toward oxidation signifi-cantly in shikonin treatment in a time-dependent man-ner. The expression of the Nrf2 pathway related genes was up-regulated by shikonin ( 3 . 2 mg · L-1 , 8 h ) . The expression of the anti-apoptotic genes was down-regulated , and proapoptotic genes were up-regulated by shikonin (3. 2 mg·L-1, 24h). Futhermore, the inhi-bition of intracellular ROS alleviated the cytotoxicity of shikonin in A549 cells. Conclusion The critical role of shikonin-induced redox imblance in A549 cell, coped with the secondary produced ROS and Nrf2 path-way antioxidants, result in A549 cell apoptosis.

Undicalcified autologous dentin particles(UADP)combined platelet rich fibrin(PRF)were used in a case after extraction of the left mandibular second molar for tooth extraction site preservation.CBCT images at 3,9 and 24 months after operation showed that the bone mass maintenance effect was obvious.Histological sections showed a large number of new bone formation around dentin particles.

Genomic epidemiology, based on whole-genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis, can make up for the shortcomings of traditional molecular typing methods and provide a novel insight for the genetic evolution and transmission of pathogenic fungi. The combination of genetic information and epidemiological methods of pathogenic fungi can predict fungi transmission routes and risks, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of public health strategies for fungi infection prevention and control. This paper summarizes the development of molecular epidemiology and genomic epidemiology, as well as the application of genomic epidemiology methods in the analyses of genetic relationship, origin, evolution, drug resistance, virulence, and genome-wide association of pathogenic fungi, and discusses the development of pathogenic fungi genomic epidemiology.

Objective To evaluate the safety,tolerability and clinical effects of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-guided personalized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)in adolescents with depression.Methods Select 80 patients with depression who visited Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital from February to December 2023 as the research subjects.According to the random number table method,it is divided into precision localization group and routine group.The precision localization group targeted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)as the stimulus target based on MRI,while the conventional group used the traditional"5cm"to locate the left DLPFC.Treatment of all particioants was administered five times,continues two weeks,per week for a total of 10 sessions(resting motor threshold with 90％,stimulation frequency with 10Hz,40 pulses per session,inter-train interval 10 seconds,60 trains per day,totaling 2400 pulses).Changes of Hamilton depression rating scale 17(HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAMA)were evaluated,with treatment response defined as ≥50％reduction in HAMD-17 or HAMA scores.Adverse events were collected and recorded during daily interviews.Results There were no significant differences in baseline HAMD-17 and HAMA scores between precision localization group and routine group(P＞0.05).However,after 2 weeks of treatment,there were significant differences in HAMD-17 and HAMA scores(t=3.940,P=0.027;Z=-2.060,P=0.039).The effective rates for depression and anxiety symptoms in precision localization group was 81.48％and 51.85％respectively,and 43.33％and 23.33％respectively in routine group,with statistically significant differences between two groups(x2=8.730,P=0.003;x2=4.970,P=0.026).No serious adverse events occurred in two groups.Conclusion For adolescents with depression,rTMS guided by MRI for individualized precise localization is an effective and safe treatment option,rapidly alleviats depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Central nervous system （CNS） is a sophisticated system subject to complex regulation， which dominates the high-level neural activities of the human body. Due to its complex physiological structure and refined regulatory mechanism covering a variety of diseases， CNS is the place where many chronic， refractory and rare diseases occur. Nerve cell is the basic unit of CNS， and its dysfunction and death is the root cause of CNS diseases. Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death proposed in recent years， and has been proved to be closely related to the production and development of multiple CNS diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， including Chinese herbs， acupuncture and moxibustion， and massage， has shown unique advantages in the treatment of CNS diseases for a long time. A large number of studies have demonstrated that TCM participates in the regulation of CNS diseases via regulating ferroptosis and shows a good research prospect. This paper summarized the characteristics of ferroptosis and discussed the association between ferroptosis and CNS diseases in pathological mechanism. We also reviewed the regulation of various CNS diseases by different TCM interventions through ferroptosis， providing references for TCM to participate in the treatment of CNS diseases properly in the future.