Abstract-Eleven mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbS)specific for human alpha-fetopr-otein(AFP) have been produced by the hybridoma technique. Immunodiffusion was us-ed for determining the immunoglobulin class and subclass of the McAbS. Seven of them are IgG; two are IgM. At least 4 different antigenic determinants on human AFPcan be recognized by using the McAbS and cross-two-site sandwich solid radioimmun-oassay. One of the McAbS can specially react with one of the fragments of AFP dig-ested by pepsin. In addition, the cross-reactivity among the AFPs of different mam-malian species was also tested by using the McAbS.

Objective:To investigate oxidative modification of β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ in vit ro.Methods:Rat β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ was purified and characterized,then oxidize d by hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase as a supreroxide free radical generating system;carbonl groups of β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ were detected by the reaction w ith 2,4-dinitrophenylhudrazine.Results:There was a significant increase of carbonyl groups formation in β2- glycoprotein Ⅰ oxidized in comparison with native β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ (P <0.05). Conclusion:Carbonyl groups have been formed in vitro on rat β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ after oxidative modification using hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase system.

OBJECTIVESTo study the interaction of beta-2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) with the membrane of hepatocytes and determine whether beta 2GPI participates in HBV infection.

METHODSLigand blotting, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis were used to detect the specific interaction of beta 2GPI with the hepatoma cell line smmc7721, the gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901, and the lymphoma cell line HL-60.

RESULTSA specific 40 kDa beta 2GPI band was observed by ligand blotting in the case of smmc7721 cells. No such band was observed in SGC7901 or HL-60 cells. Fluorescence microscopy also revealed specific binding of FITC-beta 2GPI to smmc7721 cells, but neither to SGC7901 nor HL-60 cells. FACS analysis demonstrated that the binding rate of FITC-beta 2GPI to smmc7721 cells was significantly higher than these in SGC7901 and HL-60 cells (P < 0.01). The binding rate to smmc7721 cells did not increase with increasing amounts of FITC-beta 2GPI.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a specific beta 2GPI-binding protein on the membrane of hepatoma cells in cell line smmc7721 which as the beta 2GPI receptor may participate in HBV infection of hepatocytes.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; analysis ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta 2-Glycoprotein I

OBJECTIVETo clarify the binding character between Beta-2-glycoprotein I (Beta-2-GPI) and HBsAg.

METHODSBeta-2-GPI was purified from human plasma and labelled with biotin. Solid phase enzyme linked absorbance assay was used to investigate its binding with HBsAg.

RESULTSBiotinylated Beta-2-GPI was found to bind HBsAg and the reaction could be inhibited by excess unlabelled Beta-2-GPI.

CONCLUSIONSBeta-2-GPI may play a role in hepatitis B virus infection.

Binding Sites ; Biotinylation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Glycoproteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; beta 2-Glycoprotein I

Objective To study the effectiveness of scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD),and to analyze the correlation between bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central retina measured by optical coherence tomography.Methods The medical records of 27 patients (27 eyes)who underwent scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-on RRD were retrospectively analyzed.The BCVA,height of foveal subretinal fluid and central subfield thickness (CST) were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months and 12 months postoperatively.Results Postoperative BCVA of all eyes were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant improvement of BCVA was observed after 3 months postoperatively.After surgeries,the height of foveal subretinal fluid as well as the thickness of central foveal retina were correlated with the length of postoperative period significantly,respectively (P ＜ 0.05),but had no correlation with the improvement of postoperative BCVA (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage for macula-off RRD improved the BCVA,especially in the first 3 months postoperatively.The postoperative alterations of subretinal fluid and central foveal retinal thickness had no correlation with BCVA.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities and pathogenic variants among children with Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency detected by neonatal screening. METHODS: A total of 2 730 852 newborns were screened from January 2016 to December 2021 with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Suspected SBCAD deficiency patients were diagnosed by urine organic acid analysis and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis. The clinical, biochemical and genetic changes of the confirmed cases were analyzed, in addition with guidance for diet and life management, L-carnitine supplement, and survey of growth and intellectual development. RESULTS: Twelve cases of SBCAD deficiency were diagnosed, which yielded a prevalence of 1/227 571. The lsovaleryl carnitine (C5) of primary screening blood samples was between 0.6 and 2.1 µmol/L, all exceeded the normal range. C5/acety1 carnitine (C2) was between 0.02 and 0.12, with 6 cases exceeding the normal range. C5/propionyl carnitine (C3) was between 0.1 and 1.16, with 5 cases exceeding the normal range. Free carnitine (C0) was between 18.89 and 58.12 µmol, with 1 case exceeding the normal range. Three neonates with abnormal screening results were recommended to have appropriate restriction for protein intake and two were given L-carnitine. During follow-up, their C5 has ranged from 0.22 to 2.32 µmol/L, C5/C2 has ranged from 0.01 to 0.31, C5/C3 has ranged from 0.14 to 1.7. C5 or C5/C2 and C5/C3 were transiently normal in all patients except for case 8 during the neonatal screening and follow-up. C0 was 17.42 ∼ 76.83 µmol/L Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 of the 12 cases, and 2-methylbutyroglycine was elevated in 8 cases. Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 cases, and 2-methylbutyrylglycine was increased in 8 cases. Genetic analysis was carried out for 11 children, and in total 6 ACADSB gene variants were identified, which included 4 missense variants (c.655G>A, c.923G>A, c.461G>A, c.1165A>G), 1 frameshift variant (c.746del) and 1 nonsense variant (c.275C>G). Among these, the C.461G>A variant was unreported previously. The most common variants were c.1165A>G (40.9%) and C.275C>G (22.7%). The patients were followed up for 18 days to 55 months. Only one patient had mental retardation, with the remainders having normal physical and mental development. CONCLUSION SBCAD deficiency is a rare disease. The detection rate of newborn screening in this study was 1/227 571. Early intervention can be attained in most asymptomatic patients through neonatal screening. In this study, the common gene variants are c.1165A>G and c.275C>G.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics* ; Carnitine ; Neonatal Screening/methods*

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based drug delivery systems have become the most clinically advanced non-viral delivery technology. LNPs can encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of bioactive agents, including the small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides, and nucleic acids. However, as the physicochemical properties of small- and macromolecular cargos can vary drastically, every LNP carrier system needs to be carefully tailored in order to deliver the cargo molecules in a safe and efficient manner. Our group applied the combinatorial library synthesis approach and in vitro and in vivo screening strategy for the development of LNP delivery systems for drug delivery. In this Review, we highlight our recent progress in the design, synthesis, characterization, evaluation, and optimization of combinatorial LNPs with novel structures and properties for the delivery of small- and macromolecular therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. These delivery systems have enormous potentials for cancer therapy, antimicrobial applications, gene silencing, genome editing, and more. We also discuss the key challenges to the mechanistic study and clinical translation of new LNP-enabled therapeutics.

A large number of data show that the prevalence rate of alcoholic liver injury （ALI） is increasing year by year， and it has become one of the main causes of death due to chronic liver diseases such as liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Quitting drinking is the main method for the prevention of ALI in modern medicine， and the main treatment methods include Western medicine with antioxidant and anti－fibrotic effects and nutritional support. However， Western medicine tends to have an unsatisfactory treatment effect and can only alleviate initial symptoms， and severe ALI still requires surgical treatment. Studies have shown that the monomers extracted from natural drugs and foods have obvious preventive and therapeutic effects on ALI， with high safety and easy access. Therefore， this article systematically summarizes the main natural drug and food monomers used for the prevention and treatment of ALI and proposes the idea of the combination of drug and food for the prevention and treatment of ALI from the perspective of paying attention to the whole process of health， in order to explore more effective prevention， health care， and treatment methods and provide ideas for research on the prevention and control of ALI.