BACKGROUND:Recently, glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of femoral head has been much studied. However, the precise Wnt signaling pathway by which puerarin suppresses adipogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells adipogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remains unconfirmed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of Wnt signaling pathway related genes and the key factor protein,β-catenin, during adipogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-induced rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated by puerarin. METHODS:The third generation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing blank serum (blank control group), dexamethasone (hormone group), dexamethasone with puerarin low dose group, the middle dose group and high dose group. After 6 days of culture, in the above five groups, the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway members, Wnt10b mRNA, GSK3βmRNA,β-catenin mRNA, were detected using RT-PCR assay, and the expression ofβ-catenin protein was detected using western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the Wnt10b mRNA,β-catenin mRNA andβ-catenin protein expressions were significantly higher in puerarin groups, but GSK3βmRNA expression was significantly lower in the puerarin groups. These findings suggest that puerarin effects on inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells probably are realized through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and regulation of the key factor Wnt10b mRNA, GSK3βmRNA,β-catenin mRNA, andβ-catenin protein expressions. The mechanism by which puerarin prevents glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of femoral head not only improves local microcirculation of the femoral head, but also relates to its inhibitory effects on adipogenic differentiation of glucocorticoid-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in children in Jinshan District of Shanghai，so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in children. Methods We analyzed the surveillance data as well as the results of virus isolation and identification in children with influenza-like illness （ILI） in Jinshan District of Shanghai from January 2010 to December 2019. Results There were two annual epidemic peaks in 2010， 2016， 2017 and 2018， one annual epidemic peak in winter and spring in 2011 and 2013， and two annual epidemic peaks in 2012， 2014， 2015 and 2019. A total of 3 859 ILI cases were collected in the past 10 years， and 848 positive virus strains were isolated， with a positive rate of 21.97%. Among them， 371 were seasonal H3N2， 163 were new H1N1， 314 were type B（among them， 226 were yamagata and 88 were victoria）. The positive rates of influenza virus in different children groups were 0.88% in scattered children， 6.76% in kindergarten children， and 14.33% in students， respectively （P= 0.001）. Conclusion From January 2010 to December 2019， seasonal H3N2 was the predominant virus strain in children influenza epidemic in Jinshan District of Shanghai. The influenza epidemic shows a strong seasonal feature with double peaks in winter/spring， summer or autumn. The positive rate of influenza virus in middle school students is the highest in different age groups， followed by kindergarten children.

ObjectiveTo characterize the incidence of laboratory confirmed pertussis cases by immunization status in Ninghai County， and to provide evidence for improving pertussis prevention and control strategy in Ninghai County. MethodsData of reported pertussis cases in Ninghai County from 2018 to 2019 were collected through the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. The immunization history of vaccines related to pertussis was collected through the Ningbo Immunization Planning Information Management System and field investigation. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the collected data. ResultsThe respiratory secretions collected in the 64 cases tested positive for nucleic acid of Bordetella pertussis bacilli， of which 56.25% aged 0‒1 year. They were mainly pre-school children. No adolescent or adult case was reported. All cases had whooping cough. Of the cases， 78.13% had an increase in white blood cell count， 62.5% had an increase in lymphocyte percentage， 59.38% had completed three or more doses of pertussis vaccination， 69.39% had a time interval of >1 year between the onset and last dose of pertussis vaccination， and 31.25% reported close contact with pertussis patients before the onset. The misdiagnosis rate of pertussis was as high as 92.19%. In contrast， the prevalence of anti-pertussis IgG antibody in health population was 1.05%. ConclusionFurther improvement in the laboratory testing capacity can help clarify the diagnosis of pertussis. Generally， children aged 0-1 year are mainly affected， of which vast majority have received at least one dose of pertussis vaccination. Clinical symptoms are characterized by whooping cough. Additionally， elevated white blood cells and lymphocytes should be on the alert to pertussis infection.