Objective To investigate the pollution status of main indoors air pollution factor, CO and CO2, in Guangzhou City, and to study the feasibility of using same standards in pollution monitoring. Methods 822 sampling points of various public places were monitored. Public places were classified into 1 group (≤5 mg/m3)?2 group(≤10 mg/m3)?3 group(CO level was not require to monitor)by CO level and were classified into Ⅰgroup(≤0.07%)?Ⅱgroup(≤0.10%)?Ⅲgroup(≤0.15%) by CO2 level. The 822 statistics of various public places were analyzed according to the standard value of hygienic Standard for Public Place. Results The results of the monitoring value of CO and CO2 showed as positive bias distribution. Average of CO was (2.76?1.41)mg/m3, the 95% percentile was 6.2 mg/m3; CO2 average value was (0.060?0.020)%, the 95% percentile was 0.099%. There was no significant difference among CO concentrations in 3 public places classified according to the standard (?2=3.70, P=0.157), but significant difference had been seen among CO2 (?2=35.266, P

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) was developed for the direct determination of Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Mo, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pd, Ag, Sn, Au and Pb in lithium hexafluorophosphate. The sample was dissolved with absolute ethyl alcohol to analyze the above 26 impurity elements in the solution by ICP-MS. The condensation and deposition of high concentrations of carbon in mass cone interface and ion lens, which will decrease the sensitivity of element analysis, can be avoided effectively by introducing O2 to plasma. The mass spectral interferences of polyatomic ions to analytes were corrected by collision reaction cell (CRC). The matrix matching method was used to corrected matrix effect. Satisfactory linearity of each working curve of 26 impurity elements was obtained. The correlation coefficients being over 0. 9995, the detection limits for the investigated elements were in the range of 0. 6-32 ng / L, the relative standard deviation of each element within 2. 5% -7. 3% , and the recovery of each element at 90. 6% -108. 6% . The method had been applied to the determination of trace elements in lithium hexafluorophosphate with satisfactory results.

Objective To analyze the differences between the exposure levels of major stroke risk factors and cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHIs) in Han nationality and major ethnic minorities in Pu'er People Hospital in southwest Yunnan. Methods In this cross-sectional study,26 640 patients admitted to Pu'er People Hospital for stroke risk assessment were recruited from July 2016 to September 2018. Major risk factors of stroke and CVHIs were investigated and detected. The subjects were divided into six ethnic groups,including Han, Yi, Hani, Dai, Lahu and Wa. The differences of the exposure rate of major stroke risk factors,CVHIs and cerebrovascular function scores among these ethnic groups were compared and analyzed. Results There were significant differences (all P < 0. 01) in the risk factors for stroke. Dai ethnic group had the highest prevalence of hypertension (34. 7% [194/559]) and Wa ethnic group the lowest (26. 3% [94/358]). Han ethnic group had the highest dyslipidemia rate of 7. 9% [1892/23887], and Dai ethnic group was 4. 3% [24/559] . The prevalence rate of diabetes among Lahu ethnic group was highest at 10. 1% [34/335] and Hani ethnic group lowest at 3.3% [30/907]. Among different ethnic groups, the minimum velocity, mean velocity, peripheral resistance, and cerebrovascular function scores were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The proportion of cerebrovascular function scores less than 75 points (stroke high-risk individual) in Han, Y i, Hani, Dai, Lahu, Wa ethnic group was respectively 36.7% [8 759/23 887],32.7% [194/594],34. 1% [309/907], 38. 3% [214/559], 31. 9% [107/335] and 32. 4% [116/358] (P < 0. 05) . Conclusions There were significant differences in the exposure levels of major stroke risk factors and CVHIs among ethnic groups in Pu'er People Hospital in southwest Yunnan. Han and Lahu ethnic groups had higher exposure level of risk factors. Cerebral vascular function damage was more serious in Han and Dai ethnic groups.

To explore the clinical significance of changes in maximal expiratory flow in 50％ and 25％ vital capacity (Vmax50％ & Vmax25％) before and after bronchodilator reversibility testing in patients with asthma.Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),Vmax50％ and Vmax25％ were measured before and after bronchodilator reversibility testing in 118 patients with asthma and 82 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The rate of positive reversibility in Vmax50％ was significantly higher than that in FEV1 in 118 asthmatics (x2 =7.995,P =0.007).The rates of positive reversibility in Vmax50％ and Vmax25％ were significantly higher in asthmatics than those in COPD patients (x2 =9.335,P =0.009).

A direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry ( GD-MS) for the determination of Li, Be, Na, Mg, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ga, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, W and Pb in nickel-zinc ferrites was developed. Copper powder as the conductive medium was evenly mixed with nickel-zinc ferrites powder for tableting, and then the impurity elements in nickel-zinc ferrites were determined by GD-MS. The influence of sample preparation and the glow discharge conditions including discharge current, discharge voltage, discharge gas flow rate and pre-sputter time on discharge stability and analysis sensitivity were investigated. The mass spectrometry interferences of analytes were investigated, as well as appropriate isotopes were selected. Most of the mass spectrometry interferences were avoided by measuring in medium resolution mode and high resolution mode. Total signal of Fe, Ni, Zn, O and Cu normalization was adopted, and the impurity elements in nickel-zinc ferrites were calculate in subtraction. The results showed that the detection limits for the investigated elements were in the range of 0. 001-0. 29 μg/g, the relative standard deviations of each element were within 3 . 5%-18 . 6%. The analysis results were consistent with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Objective To investigate the acute toxicity of intravenous isoflurane in Beagles.Methods Six healthy adult Beagles of both sexes aged 6-8 months weighing 6-8 kg were used in this study.Isoflurane injectio (120 mg/ml) in 30% hpid emulsion was injected intravenously. Femoral artery was cannulated for direct BP monitoring.ECG was continuously monitored.The maximal tolerance dose (MTD) and approximate lethal dose (ALD) were determined by up-and-down technique. The initial dose was 3.0 ml/kg. The dose was decreased/increased by 0.3 ml/kg if the previous animal died/survived.The survived dogs were observed for 2 weeks.Autopsy and histopathological examination were performed on all dead Beagles.Results The ALD and MTD of intravenous isoflurane were 252 and 216 mg/kg. Autopsy and histopathological examination did not show any abnormality.Conclusion Cardiopulmonary depression is the main manifestation of the acute toxicity of intravenous isoflurane in Beagles.

Objective:To investigate the effect of type ⅡNKT cells activated by sulfatide on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.Methods:Thirty-two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group ( n=8 ) , asthma group (n=8),sulfatide treatment group (n=8) and adoptive transfer group (n=8).The murine model of asthma was established by sensitization with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin ( OVA) and intranasal challenge in all animals except for the normal control group where PBS was used instead.Intraperitoneal injection of sulfatide in a sulfatide treatment group, adoptive transfer of sulfatide-activated typeⅡNKT cells in adoptive transfer group and PBS in asthma group were carried out 1 hour before the first challenge.PBS was used for intraperitoneal administration in the normal control group.Lung histology and goblet cell hyperplasia were analyzed by HE or PAS staining.Differential cell count in bronchial alveolar lavage ( BALF) was measured by May-Gruenwald Giemsa;levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum and L-4,IL-5 in BALF were measured by ELISA.The percentages of lung type Ⅱ NKT cells,IL-4+and IFN-γ+typeⅡNKT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue and goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway were decreased in sulfatide treatment group and adoptive transfer group.Percentages of eosinophil in BALF,level of OVA-specific IgE in serum,and levels of IL-4,IL-5 in BALF in sulfatide treatment group and adoptive transfer group were significantly lower than those in asthma group (all P<0.05).The percentages of lung IL-4+and IFN-γ+typeⅡNKT cells in sulfatide treatment group was significantly higher than those in asthma group ( P<0.01 ).Conclusion: Type Ⅱ NKT cells activated by sulfatide may inhibit airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.

Objective To explore the effects of theophylline plus salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination product (SFC) on clinical control,lung function and airway inflammation in asthmatics.Methods A total of 146 asthmatics received 200 mg theophylline plus 50/250 μg SFC twice daily for 24 weeks.The level of asthma control was assessed by the asthma control test.Testing of lung function and inflammatory markers in induced sputum were performed.And 142 asthmatics received 50/250 μg SFC twice daily for 24 weeks as control.Results Asthma was completely controlled in 61 and 59 in the theophylline plus SFC and SFC groups respectively after a 24-week treatment period (P ＞ 0.05).Theophylline plus SFC improved the FEF25％ 75％ value,indicating small airway function,to a greater extent than SFC [(66.7 ± 18.2) ％ & (56.6 ± 17.4) ％,P ＜ 0.01].Percentage of eosinophil and concentration of eosinophil cationic protein in induced sputum were significantly lower in the theophylline plus SFC group than those in the SFC group [(4.1 ±2.3)％ vs.(6.2±2.7)％ & (63.9±39.4) vs.(90.3 ±46.2) μg/Lrespeetively] (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The therapy of theophylline plus SFC may provide greater improvements in small airway function and airway inflammation.

We isolated three secondary metabolites by silica gel column chromatography from endophytic fungus 12.3.2 that was isolated from Taxus yunnanensis and could produce taxanes. They were identified as cembrene (3,7,11-trimethyl-14-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,6,10-cyclotetradecatetraene), diisooctyl phthalate (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctylester) and ethyl oleate (9-octadecenoic acid-ethyl ester) by infrared spectra (IR), mass spectra (MS) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were examined. Results show that all of the three compounds could inhibit the growth of those pathogenic bacteria. Especially, cembrene showed stronger inhibition to S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans. This is the first report on cembrene produced by plant endophytic fungus.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; isolation & purification ; Diterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Oleic Acids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phthalic Acids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Taxus ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the exposure to stroke risk factors, the proportion of high?risk individuals, and the relationship between risk factor exposure and impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients at Pu'er People's Hospital. Methods Between April 2014 and June 2017, this study enrolled inpatients and outpatients of the neurology department of Pu'er People's Hospital who underwent cerebrovascular hemodynamic examinations to evaluate stroke risk. A total of 30 103 (12 793 males and 17 310 females) participants aged 22 to 99 (53.3±14.5) years were included. The distribution of exposure rates for stroke risk factors and proportion of high?risk individuals were determined according to age and sex. The relationships between integral scores of cerebrovascular hemodynamics and exposure to risk factors were also analyzed. Results Exposure rates for risk factors of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke family history, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and overweight or obesity in males were 36.6%, 11.4%, 8.8%, 5.9%, 7.0%, 41.6%, 37.8%, and 51.4%, respectively. The exposure rates in females were 31.2%, 11.3%, 7.6%, 5.5%, 6.8%, 0.7%, 1.6%, and 48.8%, respectively. Differences between age groups for all risk factors were significant (P<0.01). Exposure rates for hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and overweight or obesity in males were significantly higher than in females (P<0.01). High?risk males and females accounted for 41.8% and 35.6% (χ2=119.82, P<0.01) and the rates in both groups increased significantly with age (χ2=1 838.2, 2 881.5, P<0.01). Risk factors including age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke family history, alcohol drinking, and body mass index were independent predictors of increased individual risk of stroke. Conclusions Exposure levels for stroke risk factors and the proportion of individuals at high risk of stroke were relatively high in the hospital population. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is closely related to exposure to common risk factors for stroke.