Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA),scanning electron microscopy,and bone biomechanical test were used to assess comprehensively bone quantity and quality of ovariectomized rats. In OVX rats,not only bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae in vivo and vitro,but also BMD of femora (except for R3 region) and proximal metaphysis(R1 region) in vitro decreased obviously (P<0.01)，whose bone loss rates of L5 and L6 were the highest and achieved 13%; the trabeculae of OVX rats were few，fine, and discontinued and there were lacunae on the surface;in OVX rats,both compressive strength of vertebral bodies and the mechanical properties of femora decreased;the falling degree of the former was greater;the maximal compressive power of lumbar vertebrae decreased with 33.32%. We conclude that after 4-month post-ovariectomy, the bone quantity and quality of six-month-old rats decreased, especially in the area of abundant cancellous bone such as vertebral bodies,distal femora; the assessment of the efficiency of new drugs to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis using rat models should include these drugs' effects to the bone mass, the bone structure, and the bone strength.

Objective To explore the application value of preoperative methylene blue staining in locating for the operation of intraspi-nal tumors. Methods The clinical data of patients with intraspinal tumors from September 2010 to September 2012 in our hospital were ret-rospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into tag group and control group according to whether stained by methylene blue or not. The operation time( min) ,intraoperative hemorrhage,the rate of total resection of tumor,spinal instability rate,tumor recurrence rate,and reopera-tion rate of two groups were compared. Results The operation time of tag group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. The amount of intraoperative bleeding was significantly less than that of in control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The total resection rate of tumor was significantly higher than that in control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The spinal instability rate,tumor recurrence rate and operation rate of patients within 1 year in two groups were not significant. Conclusion The methylene blue method is simple and convenient,and provides favorable conditions for the operation,which reduces the operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage,increases the rate of complete tumor resection. There was no difference in recurrence rate,operation rate and the stability of the spine within 1 year compared to traditional method.

The effects of glipizide on SI、SG、KG、Iarea 0～20min、FBG、FINS with minimal model in non-insulin-dependent diabetes meIlitus were observed.The results showed SI、SG、KG、Iarea 0～20min were lower and FBG was higher in NIDDM than these in normal subjects before glipizide therapy.After two weeks of glipizide therapy,FBG was decreased and SI、SG、KG、Iarea 0～20min were increased.These data suggested that glipizide not only had the effect on stimulating islet ?-cell secretion,but also improving insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the incidence of fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients and its related factors.Methods A total of 289 patients on MHD between January 2016 and March 2017 in hemodialysis centers of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Xinjiang Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Friendship Hospital,and Yili Prefecture Hospital were enrolled.Internationally standard fatigue rating scale(FAI)was applied to assess the incidence of fatigue in MHD patients,and subjective comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)protein energy wasting rating scale was used to assess protein energy wasting(PEW)conditions.All patients were divided into the fatigue group and the non-fatigue group according to the FAI score.The clinical data and the blood biochemical indicators in two groups were compared.The risk factors of fatigue in MHD patients were analyzed by logistic regression method.Results The incidence of fatigue was 83.0％in MHD patients,and the rate of PEW was 62.6％.Blood total cholesterol in the fatigue group was lower than that of the non-fatigue group(P ＜ 0.05).The difference between SGA scores of two groups had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.001).Single factor logistic regression analysis results showed that higher SGA score(OR=1.312,95％CI:1.163-1.481,P ＜ 0.001),lower blood total cholesterol(OR=0.661,95％CI:0.496-0.880,P=0.005)were risk factors of fatigue in MHD patients.Multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that higher SGA score(OR=5.286,95％CI:2.078-13.442,P ＜ 0.001)was an independent risk factor of fatigue in MHD patients.Conclusions The incidence of fatigue and PEW are high in MHD patients.PEW is an independent risk factor of fatigue in MHD patients.

Objective To evaluate the etiology,epidemiological characteristics,clinical diagnosis,and outcomes of hospitalized patients with AKI in Xinjiang,analyzing the risk factors of their clinical prognosis.Methods A multicenter retrospective survey was conducted,investigating adult patients admitted to four hospitals in Xinjiang in January and July 2013.Patients with AKI were screened out based on KDIGO's inclusion and exclusion criteria.Clinical variables of patients with AKI including demographics,clinical data,laboratory tests,treatment measures and prognosis were collected.Results Among 32,157 adult hospitalized patients,there were 722 AKI patients.Excluding those with incomplete data,719 patients were enrolled in this study.The detection rate of AKI was 2.25％ (722 of 32,157) by KDIGO criteria.The main cause for AKI was pre-renal injury,led mainly by cardiac output,low blood volume,and the use of nephrotoxic drugs.The non-recognition rate of AKI was 72.4％ (407/557).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that AKI stage,peripheral vasodilation and renal parenchyma were protective factors of the omission diagnosis.In the short-term prognostic analysis,the overall mortality rate was 12.8％(92/719).Among the 323 patients with AKI who survived discharge,43.7％(141) had renal function recovery;40.2％(130) did not fully recover their renal function but ceased maintenance dialysis;16.4％ (53) were still on dialysis at discharge.Multivariate Cox regression model suggested that DIC,shock and department of obstetrics were independent risk factors for death during hospitalization of AKI.In addition,the risk of death for AKI from department of obstetrics and gynecology patients was higher than that of other departments.Conclusions The most common reason for AKI in hospitalized patients in Xinjiang was pre-renal injury.The main risk factors were low cardiac output and low blood volume.The omission diagnosis of AKI was serious;AKI stage,peripheral vasodilation and renal parenchymal injury however were its protective factors.Poor-DIC,shock,hospitalization in obstetrics were independent risk factors for death in patients with AKI.