After a long-term co-evolution, alphaherpesviruses have established mutual adaptability with their hosts. Some alphaherpesviruses have typical neurotropic characteristics, which have received extensive attention and in-depth research. Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses can break through the host barrier to infect neurons and multiply in large numbers in the neuron cell body to complete further proliferation or establish latent infection in the cell body. Either in the process of infecting neurons or further spreading, alphaherpesviruses will undergo transmission along axons or dendrites, so this process is an integral part of the life cycle of the viruses, and is also a key factor for the viruses to spread in nervous system. Therefore, studies on transportation of alphaherpesviruses in neurons will provide new insights of the viruses and promote the development of corresponding vaccines or targeted therapeutic pharmaceuticals. In addition, the neurotropism of alphaherpesviruses is conducive to the analysis of nerve circuits. Herein, the mechanisms of alphaherpesvirus transport in axons were reviewed, and the research direction and application of the transport of alphaherpesviruses in axons were put forward, which can provide reference for the prevention and control of alphaherpesviral infections.
Alphaherpesvirinae ; Axons ; Neurons

Objective    To evaluate the long-term clinical effect and risk factors of tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) as a relief treatment for adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great artery (CCTGA). Method     We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 47 adult patients with CCTGA who underwent tricuspid valve replacement in Fuwai Hospital between 2000 and 2017 year. There were 27 males and 20 females with operation age of 14–62 (38.8±13.5) years. Preoperative echocardiography showed moderate or more tricuspid regurgitation in all patients. The basic data of patients before and during operation were recorded. Survival was followed up by telephone and ultrasound report. Results    The average follow-up time was 6.5±3.7 years. The 1-year, 5-year and 10-year survival rate or the incidence of heart transplant-free was 94.6%, 90.5% and 61.7%, respectively. During the follow-up period, the long-term right ventricular ejection fraction of most patients (>90%) was still greater than or equal to 40%. Increased preoperative right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDD) was a risk factor for death or heart transplantation (risk ratio 1∶11, P=0.04). The survival rate of patients with RVEDD (>60 mm) before operation was significantly reduced (P=0.032). Conclusion    TVP is a feasible treatment for adult patients with CCTGA. The increase of preoperative RVEDD is a risk factor for long-term mortality.

Objective    To analyze the risk factors of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods    From September 2011 to October 2013, 1 614 consecutive patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting in Fuwai Hospital. There were 1 281 males and 333 females at average age of 60.3±8.4 years. Holter data recorded for 5 days after operation were collected and analyzed. The risk factors associated with POAF were assessed according to the baseline and intraoperative data, and the positive variables were stratified. Results    A total of 314 patients (19.5%) developed new-onset POAF. The rate of POAF was elevating with the increase of age (P<0.001). Conclusion    Age was an independent risk factor for POAF in patients undergoing elective CABG alone.