1.ULTRASTRUCTURES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS IN THE RAT
Changgeng ZHU ; Qingying LIU ; Jinhuo LU ; Aqing CHEN ; Ying WEI ; Hanlin PENG
Acta Anatomica Sinica 1955;0(03):-
Ultrastructures of the neurohypophysis in the rats have been studied by means of electron microscopy. Besides identifying the fact that the neurosecretory substances store in the nerve terminals and release into the blood, there are also axo-axonic synaptoid structures existed between neurosecretory terminals and neuro-glial synaptoid contacts between neurosecretory terminals and pituicytes. The characteristics of these contacts mentioned above are as follows: (1) the pre-and postsynaptic membranes are insignificantly thickened; (2) clustered microvesicles are close to and attach to the presynaptic membrane; (3) the synaptic cleft is about 20 nm wide and contains various amount of electron dense materials. The authors suggest that the two kinds of synaptoid structures and pituicytes are all involved in the regulation for the releasing of the neurosecretory substances.
2.The effect of specific immunotherapy on the regulation of Th1/Th2 cell ratio of the patients with allergic rhinitis in serum.
Caiwen XIAO ; Hanlin LI ; Hui LI ; Zhiying CHENG ; Jing QIN ; Wei ZHOU ; Qingwen HE ; Xiang XU
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2010;24(20):924-927
OBJECTIVE:
To explore the effects of specific immunotherapy by the nasal spray and/or sublingual contain on the regulation the balance of serum Th1/Th2 cell ratio, and the expression of total IgE (tIgE) level in perennial allergic rhinitis patients.
METHOD:
Thirty-six cases of allergic rhinitis of perennial (PAR) patients with nasal specific immunotherapy (nasal spray group) were chosen as the object of study, 36 PAR patients with sublingual specific immunotherapy (sublingual group) were chosen for the efficacy comparison group, and 32 cases of healthy adults as control (normal control group). The levels of serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE in PAR nasal spray group and sublingual group were examined by IRMA and double-antibody sandwich assay before and after the treatment of specific immunotherapy (SIT); The content of IFN-gamma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; The infiltration and changes of eosinophilic granulocyte were observed by the smear of nasal secretions.
RESULT:
In nasal spray group and sublingual group, the contents of serum Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma were reduced levels significantly, while the contents of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE were significantly increased before the treatment of SIT. After the SIT to the maintenance dose, the levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in serum were significantly higher than that before treatment, while IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE content were significantly lower in AR patients (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of nasal spray group and sublingual group were 97.22% and 94.44%, while the two groups was no statistical difference in efficacy (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
With the presence of Th1/Th2 cell ratio and cytokine imbalance, the AR patients manifested as Th2 cell function in accentuation. Nasal mucosa and/or sublingual in the local SIT can have changed no-balance Th1/Th2 cell of by regulating the balance of serum Th1/Th2 cell ratio, the expression level of cytokine expression and the level of tIgE.
Adolescent
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Adult
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Cytokines
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blood
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Female
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Humans
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Immunoglobulin E
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blood
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Immunotherapy
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Lymphocyte Count
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
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blood
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immunology
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therapy
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Th1 Cells
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cytology
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Th2 Cells
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cytology
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Young Adult
3.Research progress on the role of bile salts in ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation
Hanlin LIU ; Xin DAI ; Yijun XIAO ; Wei WU
Organ Transplantation 2022;13(4):537-
Ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) refers to biliary tract injury caused by insufficient blood supply of hepatic artery, which is one of the main factors affecting the long-term survival and quality of life of liver transplant recipients. The incidence of ITBL is associated with cold and warm ischemia, acute and chronic rejection, cytomegalovirus infection and the bile effect, etc. The occurrence of ITBL is a complicated process involving with multiple factors and steps. The therapeutic option of ITBL is extremely limited. A large proportion of ITBL patients should undergo repeated liver transplantation. ITBL has become one of the most critical factors preventing further advancement of liver transplantation. Hence, it is of significance to strengthen prevention and explore more effective modalities. Recent studies have found that toxic injury of bile salts plays a central role in ITBL. Active regulation of bile components, regulation of bile acid-related receptor expression and blockage or activation of bile acid-related signaling pathways probably have potentials in the prevention and treatment of ITBL. In this article, the cytotoxicity of bile salts and the mechanism of bicarbonate umbrella in the incidence and progression of ITBL after liver transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ITBL.
4.To investigate the relationship of airborne fungi and allergic disease of respiration system in the city of Wuhan region.
Hanlin LI ; Caiwen XIAO ; Jie FAN ; Hui LI ; Qingwen HE ; Jing QIN ; Chunyun LEI ; Wei ZHOU ; Xiang XU
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2011;25(17):786-788
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the relationship between the prevalent species and the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi and respiratory allergic disease in the city of Wuhan.
METHOD:
Airborne fungi was investigated by exposed sides from 2007 to 2008, and 1674 patients with respiratory allergic disease that were used to do allergens skin test simultaneously, in order to analyze the simultaneous.
RESULT:
Airborne fungi could be detected in air all over the year. In 2007, the exposed films collected 26 734 fungi spores, and 686 other fungi (hypha and not well known fungi), to the sum of 27420. Otherwise, in 2008, the exposed films collected 26 531 fungi spores, and 730 other fungi, to the sum of 27 261. In the survey, 17 types of species of the collected fungi spores were identified, and the predominant species were alternaria sp, ustilaginales, deightoniella sp, uredinales, and the quantity of Fungi alternaria was most of all . And the peak period mainly concentrated from April to June, and from September to October. Otherwise, the positive rate of fungi skin test in patients with respiratory allergic disease was 10.48% in 2007, but 10.07% in 2008. The main period of onset of respiratory allergic disease was from April to June, and from September to October, similar as the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi.
CONCLUSION
The period of onset of respiratory allergic disease was consistent with the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi.
Adolescent
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Adult
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Aged
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Air Microbiology
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Allergens
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immunology
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Child
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China
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epidemiology
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Cities
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Colony Count, Microbial
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Female
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Fungi
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immunology
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Mycoses
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epidemiology
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Respiratory Hypersensitivity
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epidemiology
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immunology
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microbiology
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Young Adult
5.Pro-inflammatory mechanism of lectin from Pinellia pedatisecta on macrophage.
Shan-Hu MAO ; Hong-Li YU ; Hao WU ; Wei WANG ; Xiao-Nan LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2017;42(13):2497-2502
To investigate the mechanism of lectin from Pinellia pedatisecta(PPL) on macrophage-induced inflammation and its association with inflammatory corpuscles NLRP3. Lectin from P. pedatisecta was isolated and purified by gel chromatography, and its purity was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. ELISA was used to investigate the effect of PPL on inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages, with IL-1β as indicators;and fluorescence probe DCFH-DA fluorometer was used to determine changes in active oxygen ROS of macrophages after application of lectin from P. pedatisecta.RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to investigate the effect on ROS and the release of inflammatory factor IL-1β from macrophages to research the relationship between them. The protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, ASC and TXNIP were determined by Western blot.The results showed that isolated and purified PPL could reach electrophoretic purity; PPL stimulated macrophages and induced the excessive release of ROS, leading to strong oxidative stress reaction, and the levels of intracellular inflammatory factorsIL-1β were significantly increased. NAC could inhibit PPL-induced ROS excessive production and significantly reduce the release of IL-1β. In addition, PPL could induce the increase in protein expression levels of Caspase-1 p20, NLRP3 and ASC, and significantly reduce TXNIP expression. The results showed that PPL could cause a strong oxidative stress response by stimulating macrophages, activate inflammatory corpuscles NLRP3, and result in large amount of IL-1β release. That is, PPL could lead to inflammatory cascade reaction by promoting the maturation and secretion of IL-1β through ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway.
6.Effect of Bushen Tongluo Formula on Osteoporosis of Zebrafish and Study on Autophagy Mechanism of Osteoclast
Deng TAN ; Yu ZHANG ; Nong-shan ZHANG ; Jun LIU ; Shi-wei WAN ; Long HAN ; Peng-hua FANG ; Wen MIN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2020;26(7):79-85
Objective::To evaluate the intervention effect of Bushen Tongluo formula on zebrafish osteoporosis model and to clarify its regulation of autophagy mechanism on osteoclast differentiation. Method::The 260 young zebrafishes (3 dpf) were selected, the zebrafish osteoporosis model was established with 25 mmol·L-1 prednisolone (Pred) for 3 days, confirming the successful model by calcein staining. The zebrafishes were divided into control group, Pred group (25 mmol·L-1), etidronate disodium (ED) group (300 mg·L-1), Bushen (BS) group (180 mg·L-1), Tongluo (TL) group (30 mg·L-1), and Bushen Tongluo (BSTL) group (210 mg·L-1), 40 tails per group. After intervened with medicine for 4 days, the calcein staining was adopted to count the vertebral bone fluorescence area of zebrafish, Real-time PCR was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of akaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (BMP-2b), runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) and cathepsin K (CTSK), phosphorus and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic-1 (NFATC-1). Divided RAW264.7 cells into control, Rankl induction (10 μg·L-1), BS (180 mg·L-1), TL (30 mg·L-1), and BSTL group (210 mg·L-1) after they were cultured to 80%-90% density. The expression of actin ring was detected by phalloidin cytoskeleton staining. The mRNA expression of TRAP, CTSK and autophagy-related genes 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related genes 7 (ATG7), and ubiquitin-binding protein p62 (p62) were detected by Real-time PCR. Result::Compared with the control group
7.Discovery of an orally active VHL-recruiting PROTAC that achieves robust HMGCR degradation and potent hypolipidemic activity
Guoshun LUO ; Zhenbang LI ; Xin LIN ; Xinyu LI ; Yu CHEN ; Kun XI ; Maoxu XIAO ; Hanlin WEI ; Lizhe ZHU ; Hua XIANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021;11(5):1300-1314
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) protein is usually upregulated after statin (HMGCR inhibitor) treatment, which inevitably diminishes its therapeutic efficacy, provoking the need for higher doses associated with adverse effects. The proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has recently emerged as a powerful approach for inducing protein degradation. Nonetheless, due to their bifunctional nature, developing orally bioavailable PROTACs remains a great challenge. Herein, we identified a powerful HMGCR-targeted PROTAC (