Objective:To translate and revise the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale (WBSS) , and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Brislin translation mode was used to translate and back translate WBSS. The scale items were revised and improved through cultural debugging and pre-tests. From June to September 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 320 mothers of children from the Department of Children Health of Tongren Maternal and Child Health Hospital as the research object. The Chinese version of WBSS was used to investigate the breastfeeding support of the mothers of the children in the workplace. The critical ratio method and the correlation coefficient method were used to analyze the items of the scale, and the content validity index ( CVI) and exploratory factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the scale. The Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results:The item-level CVI of the Chinese version of WBSS was from 0.833 to 1.000, and the average scale-level CVI of the scale was 0.958. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 57.973%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of WBSS was 0.805, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.800, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.948. The final Chinese version of WBSS included 12 items in three dimensions (colleague support, environmental support, facility support) . Conclusions:The Chinese version of WBSS has good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the status of breastfeeding support in the workplace.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of occupational and environmental factors on the pregnancy for Down's syndrome. METHODS: By systematic sampling method,97 pregnant women who had been diagnosed as Down's syndrome by Giemsa staining on fetal chromosomes in chorionic villus sampling,amniocentesis,or umbilical cord blood sampling were selected as the case group,while 373 non-Down's syndrome pregnant women after same examinations during the same period in the same hospital were selected as the control group. The history of exposure before pregnancy to occupational and environmental factors was analyzed. RESULTS: The pregnant women aged over 35 years had higher risk of Down's syndrome than those aged under 35 years( P < 0. 01). The pregnant women with occupational exposure to organic solvents containing benzene had higher risk of Down's syndrome than those without occupational exposure history to hazardous substances( P < 0. 01). The pregnant women using estrogenic drugs before pregnancy or during early pregnancy had higher risk of Down's syndrome than those without drug use( P < 0. 05). The pregnant women living in newly-decorated houses or using the new furniture had higher risk of Down's syndrome than those without new decoration( P < 0. 01). The pregnant women with pre-pregnancy intake of folic acid had lower risk of Down's syndrome than those without any intake of folic acid supplement( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The age,occupational exposure to benzene solvents and taking estrogenic drugs were the major leading factors of development of Down's syndrome.

Accumulative evidences have underpinned the nature candidates from Chinese medicine (CM), particularly CM served as blood activating and stasis resolving (BASR, Huoxue Huayu in Chinese) by targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis. However, recent experiment research on the therapeutic angiogenesis by BASR-CM attracts wide attention and discussion. This opinion review focused on the underlying link between two indications and anticipated that (1) BASR-CM might emphasize on a balanced multi-cytokines network interaction; (2) BASR-CM might address on the nature of diseases prior to differently affecting physiological and pathological angiogenesis; (3) BASR-CM might mainly act on perivascular cells, either promotes arteriogenesis by increasing arteriogenic factors in ischemic diseases, or simultaneously keep a quiescent vasculature to impede angiogenesis in tumor context.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; blood ; drug therapy

Brain ; pathology ; China ; Humans ; Organ Preservation ; standards ; Tissue Banks ; ethics ; standards

ObjectiveTo study on the different therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RH） before and after steaming with wine on constipation model mice. MethodsFifty-four male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， lactulose group（1.5 mg·kg^-1）， high， medium and low dose groups of RH and RH steaming with wine（PRH）（8， 4， 1 g·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， the constipation model was replicated by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride（6 mg·kg^-1） in the other groups. After 2 weeks of modeling， each administration group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of drug solution， and the control and model groups were given an equal volume of normal saline， 1 time/d for 2 consecutive weeks. After administration， the feces were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing， the levels of gastrin（GAS）， motilin（MTL）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） in the colonic tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， the histopathological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion changes of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and regulatory T cell（Treg） in peripheral blood. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed significantly decrease in fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate（P<0.01）， the colon was seen to have necrotic shedding of mucosal epithelium， localized intestinal glands in the lamina propria were degenerated， necrotic and atrophied， a few lymphocytes were seen to infiltrate in the necrotic area in a scattered manner， the contents of GAS and MTL， the proportions of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and Treg were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the contents of IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate of high-dose groups of RH and PRH were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the pathological damage of the colon was alleviated to varying degrees， the contents of GAS， MTL， IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly regressed（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were significantly increased（P<0.01）， although the proportion of Treg showed an upward trend， there was no significant difference. In addition， the results of intestinal flora showed that the number of amplicon sequence variant（ASV） and Alpha diversity were decreased in the model group compared with the control group， and there was a significant difference in Beta diversity， with a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter. Compared with the model group， the ASV number and Alpha diversity were increased in the high-dose groups of RH and PRH， and there was a trend of regression of Beta diversity to the control group， the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased， and the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter decreased. ConclusionRH and PRH can improve dysbacteriosis， promote immune system activation， inhibit the release of inflammatory factors for enhancing the gastrointestinal function， which may be one of the potential mechanisms of their therapeutic effect on constipation.