Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Polyethylene glycol 3350 plus electrolyte bulk on the schizophrenia patients with constipation induced by clozapine. Methods 150 cases of schizophrenia inpatient and outpatient with constipation induced by clozapine treatment were selected and randoly dirided into the group of polyethylene glycol,lactulose group and non-intervention group with 50 patients in each group and each patient or their families signed the informed consent. The treatment groups took orally with Polyethyle ne glycol 3350 plus electrolyte 13. 7grams,2 times per day and lactulose oral solution 10ml,3 times per day respectively. The non-intervention group was not given a regular basis laxatives, but with cathartic therapy in demand. The period of experiment was 6 weeks including 2 weeks baseline observation period and 4 weeks treatment. Assessment criteria: an overall assessment of all symptoms of patients and each patient's constipation and safety parameters were assessed. Results After treatment for 4 weeks,the total effective rate in three groups was 90.0% ,68.0% ,38.0% (all P ＜0.05). The difference was statistically significant. The normal shape of stool rate was 84.0% ,60.0% ,28.0%. PEG group were better than the other 2 groups at baseline in the first defecation time,the average times of bowel movements per week,theutilization of laxatives during treatment, while symptom score improvement in the stool was significantly better than other groups after treatment. The safety parameters including liver and kidney function, lectrolytes, glucose, ECG, symptoms of schizophrenia such as PANSS score had no obvious change in each group after treatment. Conclusion PEG 3350 plus electrolytes was effective and safe in the treatment of clozapine-indueed constipation in chronic schizophrenia.

Objective To compare the difference of spatial reference memory and dopamine (DA) level in the brain between acute,subacute and chronic mouse model of Parkinson' s disease(PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) injection. Methods The acute,subacute and chronic mouse model of Parkinson' s disease were induced by injecting the same MPTP volume dose with different schedules. The spatial reference memory of mice was tested by morris water maze. Dopamine concentration in striatum, hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were detected with HPLC. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra of mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The mean escape latency of the chronic but not the acute or subacute mouse model of Parkinson' s disease was significant longer ( P ＜ 0.05 ) than its control group. The striatum DA concentration of three test groups ( ( 1180. 1 ± 293.0 ) ng/ml, ( 1177.4 ± 450.5 ) ng/ml,( 1149.6 ± 353.0 ) ng/ml ) reduced significantly compared to their control groups ( ( 225.6 ± 79.7 ) ng/ml, ( 273.6± 64.9 ) ng/ml, ( 327. 1 ± 126.2 ) ng/ml, P ＜ 0.01 ). The prefrontal cortex DA concentration of the acute mouse model of Parkinson' s disease ( ( 65.3 ± 23.9 ) ng/ml ) was significant lower than its control group ( ( 41.2 ±18.8 )ng/ml, P ＜ 0.05 ). No significant changes of hippocampus DA concentration were seen between these test groups and their control groups. The number of TH positive cells in substantia nigra significantly decreased in three test groups compared to their control groups( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The difference of spatial reference memory between three regimens of the mouse model of Parkinson' s disease may not due to the difference of DA level in their brain.

Objective To investigate the anxious behavior in acute parkinson's mice that were induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection.Methods Twenty mice were randomly divided into the control group (n =10) and model group(n =10);The model group was induced by injecting MPTP dosage,and the control group was induced by the same dose of saline.The anxious behaviors in mice were tested by the elevated plus-maze test and the light/dark box.Results The model group mice spent a longer time than the control group in the dark box (P ＜ 0.05).The open arm entry (OE),open arm time (OT) and OE％ of model group was significantly less than that in control group in the elevated plus-maze test (P ＜ 0.01),the OT％ was significantly less than control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Anxiety symptoms appeared in the model group of early parkinson disease (PD)mice.

Purpose To investigate the expression of DLC1 and its relationship with Ki-67 in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of the breast.Methods In situ hybridization and immunohistochemiscal EnVision method were used to detect the expression of DLC1 mRNA and protein and Ki-67 in 52 invasive breast ductal carcinomas and 42 non-cancerous mammary tissues, including 22 mammary fibroadenomas and 20 paracancerous tissues.Results The positive rates of DLC1 mRNA and protein expression in the breast carcinomas (50% and 57.7%) was significantly lower than that in the non-cancerous mammary tissues (90.5% and 92.9%) (χ~2=17.518 and 10.729,P＜0.01).The expression of DLC1-mRNA was positively related to DLC1protein (r_s=0.379,P＜0.01). The positive rate of Ki-67 expression was 61.5% in the breast carcinomas, but no expression was observed in the all non-cancerous tissues (χ~2=39.186,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that DLC1 expression was negatively correlated with Ki-67 expression (r_s=-0.507,P＜0.01).Conclusions Lower or no expression of DLC1 mRNA and protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression in breast carcinoma. DLC1 may inhibit the proliferation of the breast carcinoma cells,which indicates that it may act as a new molecular marker of breast carcinoma.Combining detection of DLC1 and Ki-67 may be useful parameters for evaluating the biological behaviors of breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo improve the clinician's awareness of angiostrongyliasis.

METHODSThe clinical and laboratory data as well as the epidemiological information concerning 18 patients with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis were analyzed.

RESULTSAll patients had a history of eating raw fresh water snail (Ampularium canaliculatus) before the onset of the disease. Incubation period ranged from 1 to 25 days. The major symptoms of the patients had severe headache and pain in the trunk and limbs. Increased eosinophlic count in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid was noted. Tested by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), sera were specifically IgG-antibody positive against Angiostrougylus cantonensis antigen, but were negative against other parasitic antigens such as Paragonimus westermani, Cysticerus, Cellulosae hominis, Echinococcus granulosus and Trichinella spiralis. Abnormal spotty signals were found in 2 cases with brain magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed slow alpha rhythm. All the patients were effectively treated with combined administration of albendazole and dexamethazone.

CONCLUSIONSAngiostrongyliasis is one of the common causes leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. To our knowledge, Wenzhou is the first small outbreak site of angiostrongyliasis discovered in Chinese mainland.

Adult ; Albendazole ; administration & dosage ; Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; Animals ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Eosinophilia ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningoencephalitis ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Strongylida Infections ; complications ; drug therapy

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and sertraline for Chinese depression patients.Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and sertraline in the treatment of depression were retrieved from databases and the quality of literature was evaluated.Meta-analysis was performed with the software Revman 5.2.Results Eighteen RCTs involving 1 557 Chinese depression patients were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in efficacy and cure rate between duloxetine and sertraline groups(OR=1.28, 95%CI:0.94 -1.73, P =0.11; OR =1.25,95%CI:0.97 -1.62,P =0.09, respectively).The Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)scores were significantly lower in duloxetine group than those in sertraline group at 1,2 weeks after treatment;however,there were no significant differences at 8-weeks after treatment between duloxetine and sertraline groups.The score of Medical Outcomes Study Pain Measures(MOSPM)in duloxetine group was significantly lower than that in sertraline group(P<0.01). The rate of insomnia in duloxetine group was significantly lower than that in sertraline group(RR=0.57, 95%CI:0.32 -1.00, P=0.04).There were no significant differences in other common side reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Duloxetine has similar long term treatment effect as sertraline,but it has a rapid-action profile.Duloxetine is more effective than sertraline in depression with painful physical symptoms;besides,duloxetine is less likely to induce insomnia.