With the deep integration of medicine, science and technology, remarkable progress has been made in the field of surgery. The new technologies represented by artificial intelligence, 5th generation mobile communication technology, precision surgery and surgical robot have been deeply explored and widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases, which has played an important role in promoting the development of "surgery 4.0" . In the future, with the continuous development, improvement and promotion of surgery 4.0, the traditional working mode of surgeons will be greatly changed, and the diagnosis and treatment process of surgical diseases will be optimized.

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, systemic comprehensive therapy including chemotherapeutic and molecular targeted therapy is the key to improve the postoperative prognosis of pancreatic cancer, as well as to prolong the survival time of advanced pancreatic cancer. However, due to the drug resistance and heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer cells, systemic comprehensive treatment still does not reach the ideal effect, and personalized therapy will be an important approach to solve this problem. The personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer will become possible with the application of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models. Here, this article will review the progress of the application of PDX models in comprehensive therapy of pancreatic cancer based on reviewing the methods of establishing pancreatic cancer PDX models, aiming to provide new ideas for personalized therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice of HCC.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Precision Medicine

Tumor chemoprevention and treatment are two approaches aimed at improving the survival of patients with cancers. An ideal anti-tumor drug is that which not only kills tumor cells but also alleviates tumor-causing risk factors, such as precancerous lesions, and prevents tumor recurrence. Chinese herbal monomers are considered to be ideal treatment agents due to their multi-target effects. Astragaloside has been shown to possess tumor chemoprevention, direct anti-tumor, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitization effects. In this paper, we review the effects of astragaloside on tumor prevention and treatment and provide directions for further research.
Humans ; Chemoprevention ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Triterpenes/pharmacology*